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Rowe CJ, Delbridge-Perry M, Bonan NF, Cohen A, Bentley M, DeCicco-Skinner KL, Davidson T, Connaughton VP. Time dependent effects of prolonged hyperglycemia in zebrafish brain and retina. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:947571. [PMID: 38983568 PMCID: PMC11182107 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.947571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia causes long-term vision complications and an increased risk of cognitive deficits. High blood sugar also confers an osmotic load/stress to cells. We assessed behavioral and neurochemical changes in zebrafish brain and retina following prolonged hyperglycemia for 4-weeks or 8-weeks. At each time point, behavior was assessed using 3-chamber choice task and optomotor response; tissue was then collected and levels of inflammatory markers, tight junction proteins, and neurotransmitters determined using Western Blots. After 4-weeks, brain levels of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) (RelA; NF-kB subunit), IkB kinase (IKK), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were significantly elevated; differences in zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-5, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were not significant. In retina, significant differences were observed only for TH (decreased), Rel A (increased), and GFAP (increased) levels. Glucose-specific differences in initial choice latency and discrimination ratios were also observed. After 8-weeks, RelA, GAD, and TH were significantly elevated in both tissues; IKK and GFAP levels were also elevated, though not significantly. ZO-1 and claudin-5 levels osmotically decreased in retina but displayed an increasing trend in glucose-treated brains. Differences in discrimination ratio were driven by osmotic load. OMRs increased in glucose-treated fish at both ages. In vivo analysis of retinal vasculature suggested thicker vessels after 4-weeks, but thinner vessels at 8-weeks. In vitro, glucose treatment reduced formation of nodes and meshes in 3B-11 endothelial cells, suggesting a reduced ability to form a vascular network. Overall, hyperglycemia triggered a strong inflammatory response causing initial trending changes in tight junction and neuronal markers. Most differences after 4-weeks of exposure were observed in glucose-treated fish suggesting effects on glucose metabolism independent of osmotic load. After 8-weeks, the inflammatory response remained and glucose-specific effects on neurotransmitter markers were observed. Osmotic differences impacted cognitive behavior and retinal protein levels; protein levels in brain displayed glucose-driven changes. Thus, we not only observed differential sensitivities of retina and brain to glucose-insult, but also different cellular responses, suggesting hyperglycemia causes complex effects at the cellular level and/or that zebrafish are able to compensate for the continued high blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J. Rowe
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mikayla Delbridge-Perry
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nicole F. Bonan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Annastelle Cohen
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Meg Bentley
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kathleen L. DeCicco-Skinner
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Terry Davidson
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, and American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
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Covello G, Rossello FJ, Filosi M, Gajardo F, Duchemin A, Tremonti BF, Eichenlaub M, Polo JM, Powell D, Ngai J, Allende ML, Domenici E, Ramialison M, Poggi L. Transcriptome analysis of the zebrafish atoh7-/- Mutant, lakritz, highlights Atoh7-dependent genetic networks with potential implications for human eye diseases. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:434-448. [PMID: 32676583 PMCID: PMC7354691 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the bHLH transcription protein Atoh7 is a crucial factor conferring competence to retinal progenitor cells for the development of retinal ganglion cells. Several studies have emerged establishing ATOH7 as a retinal disease gene. Remarkably, such studies uncovered ATOH7 variants associated with global eye defects including optic nerve hypoplasia, microphthalmia, retinal vascular disorders, and glaucoma. The complex genetic networks and cellular decisions arising downstream of atoh7 expression, and how their dysregulation cause development of such disease traits remains unknown. To begin to understand such Atoh7-dependent events in vivo, we performed transcriptome analysis of wild-type and atoh7 mutant (lakritz) zebrafish embryos at the onset of retinal ganglion cell differentiation. We investigated in silico interplays of atoh7 and other disease-related genes and pathways. By network reconstruction analysis of differentially expressed genes, we identified gene clusters enriched in retinal development, cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, stress response, and Wnt pathways. By weighted gene coexpression network, we identified coexpression modules affected by the mutation and enriched in retina development genes tightly connected to atoh7. We established the groundwork whereby Atoh7-linked cellular and molecular processes can be investigated in the dynamic multi-tissue environment of the developing normal and diseased vertebrate eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Covello
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Fernando J. Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
- Present address:
University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer ResearchUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michele Filosi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Felipe Gajardo
- Center for Genome RegulationFacultad de Ciencias, SantiagoUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Beatrice F. Tremonti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Michael Eichenlaub
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
- BDIMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - David Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics PlatformMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - John Ngai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology & Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Miguel L. Allende
- Center for Genome RegulationFacultad de Ciencias, SantiagoUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research ‐ University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems BiologyTrentoItaly
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash University Clayton VICClaytonAustralia
| | - Lucia Poggi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology ‐ CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
- Centre for Organismal StudyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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