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Soares JBP. Polyolefin microstructural deconvolution methods: The good, the bad, and the ugly. CAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João B. P. Soares
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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2
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Paghadar BR, Sainani JB, M. SK, Bhagavath P. Internal donors on supported Ziegler Natta catalysts for isotactic polypropylene: a brief tutorial review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe scientific and technical advances in the field of polymer science has been abundant in recent years. Amongst the various polymeric materials available in market, synthesis of polyolefins has been in the forefront since decades. A major challenge in this domain remains in attaining stereoregular polyolefins especially polypropylene (PP) and significant efforts were carried out by synthesizing various internal donors (ID) aiding the catalysts involved in producing them. This short review gives an overview of i) various generations of Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst systems ii) general classes of ID that has been demonstrated by the researchers over the past decades iii) their influence on PP isotacticity and polymer properties. The coordination modes of different donor classes on supported ZN system and comparative study especially between phthalate and diether ID classes were also addressed here. This review also presents the studies carried out on phthalate catalyst structure analysis, detailed comparison study on phthalate and diether IDs in terms of PP isotacticity, regioselectivity, hydrogen response, and also their cross combination study and competitive behavior. Further a brief description on other structurally varied IDs like malonates, maleates, silyl diol esters, bifunctional donors, multi ether donors demonstrated for isotactic PP were also presented. Studies conducted on compatibility of incorporation of two different classes of IDs on a single supported ZN system for the fundamental understanding of the catalyst behavior; and also on how mixed donor approach enables in tuning the catalyst for polymer properties were also presented. This review also provides an opportunity to the young minds and the basic researchers from academic point of view by and large to create new polymeric materials with useful properties or modify the existing materials for new applications by incorporating new IDs for further improvisation of the stereo regularity in obtaining the polymers.
Graphic Abstract
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3
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Zhang J, Yu H, Xia X, Zhang S, Huang Q, Li C, Miao Q, Zhu F, Yi J, Zhao Z. Sustainable rosin acid ester as internal electron donors in Ziegler-Natta catalysts for synthesis of isotactic polypropylene with high melt flow rate. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1927753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qigu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunman Li
- CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, PetroChina Pipeline R&D Center, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing Miao
- CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, PetroChina Pipeline R&D Center, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, PetroChina Pipeline R&D Center, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianjun Yi
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Nan F, Yu H, Zhang S, Xia X, Huang Q, Yi J, Li H, Zhao Z. Direct Preparation of Transparent Isotactic Polypropylene with Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Containing Novel Eco-friendly Internal Electron Donors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - XiaoQi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qigu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Yi
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Ratanasak M, Hasegawa JY, Parasuk V. Roles of Salicylate Donors in Enhancement of Productivity and Isotacticity of Ziegler-Natta Catalyzed Propylene Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040883. [PMID: 32290323 PMCID: PMC7240445 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Roles of internal salicylate donors (SID) in enhancing activity and stereoselectivity of Ziegler–Natta catalyzed propylene (PP) polymerization were examined using DFT calculations. Five salicylate donors were studied. The chelate mode is the preferred adsorption mode. The linear relationship (R2 = 0.96) between calculated adsorption energies (Eads) of five SIDs and the experimental PP activities was observed. Thus, the SID with the strongest adsorption energy will provide the highest activity in agreement with our previous studies. Compared with diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), which is the industrial electron donor, SID has stronger Eads. The insertion step, which involves the π-complex formation (∆Eπ) and the insertion activation or intrinsic activation energy (Ea) for PP polymerization was also examined. The relation between ln(activity) and apparent activation energy (Ea(app)), which is ∆Eπ + Ea for the primary(1,2)-re insertion with R2 = 0.99, was observed. The salicylate donor also has a lower Ea(app) than that of DIBP. This explains the better catalytic performance of SID. Our results also demonstrated that the size and the type of hydrocarbon substituents play a key role in controlling stereoselectivity and activity. In addition, we found a good relationship between Eads and both intrinsic (Ea) and apparent (Ea(app)) activation energies of five salicylate donors with R2 of 0.90 and 0.97, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manussada Ratanasak
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan; (M.R.); (J.-y.H.)
| | - Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan; (M.R.); (J.-y.H.)
| | - Vudhichai Parasuk
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2218-7603
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Kumawat J, Gupta VK. Fundamental aspects of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta olefin polymerization catalysis: an experimental and computational overview. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an internal/external donor containing MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst is one of the important processes for polyolefin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Kumawat
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
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Ghasemi Hamedani N, Arabi H, Poorsank F. Towards the design of a mixture of diether and succinate as an internal donor in a MgCl 2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02676j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An investigation into competitions of mixtures of internal donors for interaction with MgCl2was carried out and the subsequent influence on catalyst performance was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nona Ghasemi Hamedani
- Department of Polymerization Engineering
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
- Tehran
- Iran
- National Petrochemical Company-Research & Technology Co. (NPC-RT)
| | - Hassan Arabi
- Department of Polymerization Engineering
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Fatemeh Poorsank
- Department of Polymerization Engineering
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
- Tehran
- Iran
- National Petrochemical Company-Research & Technology Co. (NPC-RT)
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Poorsank F, Arabi H, Ghasemi Hamedani N. Silyl diol ester as a new selectivity control agent in MgCl 2-supported Ziegler-Natta systems for propylene polymerization: catalyst structure and polymer properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7420-7431. [PMID: 35519959 PMCID: PMC9061220 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bis(benzoyloxy)dimethylsilane (SDE) was developed as a non-phthalate selectivity control agent (internal donor (ID) and external donor (ED)) in MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta (ZN) systems. The impact of SDE as an ID was investigated in regards to chemical composition, morphology, adsorption behavior (using FTIR spectroscopy, WAXD and SEM studies) and the propylene polymerization performance of the catalyst. The results of the adsorption behavior of SDE revealed that SDE, while able to stabilize the electronically unsaturated surfaces of MgCl2 [(104) and (110)], has a rather high tendency to be absorbed on strongly acidic Mg ions at the corners of these crystals. The catalyst with optimum SDE content as an ID afforded a system with reasonable activity and isotacticity (even in the absence of ED) along with broader molecular weight distribution (PDI: 6.2–10) and greater flexural modulus than phthalate-based ZN systems. SDE was also used as a new ED in most widely used fourth- and fifth-generation catalyst systems. The results revealed that in fifth-generation catalyst systems, there was an increase in hydrogen response (>40%) along with an increase of activity without any change in the thermal properties of the final polymer in comparison to a conventional ED (alkoxy silane). In this study, bis(benzoyloxy)dimethylsilane (SDE) was developed as a non-phthalate selectivity control agent (internal donor (ID) and external donor (ED)) in MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta (ZN) systems for polypropylene polymerization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Poorsank
- Department of Polymerization Engineering, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute P.O. Box: 14965/115 Tehran Iran
| | - Hassan Arabi
- Department of Polymerization Engineering, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute P.O. Box: 14965/115 Tehran Iran
| | - Nona Ghasemi Hamedani
- Department of Polymerization Engineering, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute P.O. Box: 14965/115 Tehran Iran
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9
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Weng Y, Jiang B, Fu Z, Fan Z. Mechanism of internal and external electron donor effects on propylene polymerization with MgCl2
-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst: New evidences based on active center counting. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Baiyu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhisheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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Pastor-García MT, Suárez I, Expósito MT, Coto B, García-Muñoz RA. New method of single liquid-phase reactor synthesis of high-impact polypropylene: Structure, morphology, and impact properties of copolymers. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmed AK, Atiqullah M, Pradhan DR, Al-Harthi MA. Crystallization and melting behavior of i-PP: a perspective from Flory's thermodynamic equilibrium theory and DSC experiment. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06845j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel conceptual framework that generates insightful new results about crystallization and melting behaviors of i-PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah K. Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atiqullah
- Center for Refining & Petrochemicals
- Research Institute
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Dev R. Pradhan
- Analytical Laboratory
- SABIC Technical Center
- Riyadh 11551
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
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Ding C, Zhang G, Gu J, Cao F, Zheng X. Application of the correct design of successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) to study the stereo-defects and its distribution of homo- and co-polypropylene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03301j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The SSA revealed the differences in molecular chain microstructure of different PP samples when the preliminary characterization found that the homo-polypropylene or co-polypropylene samples had the similar mechanical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ding
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Geng Zhang
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jiangjiang Gu
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Feifei Cao
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xinsheng Zheng
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
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