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Regio- and stereochemistry in the intramolecular [4 + 2] and intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions in the synthesis of epoxypyrrolo[3,4-g]indazoles: a density functional theory study. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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Regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity in the synthesis of CF3-containing spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2′-oxindole] through the organocatalytic [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction: A molecular electron density theory study. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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A computational study on the [3+2] cycloaddition of para-quinone methides with nitrile imines: a two-stage one-step mechanism. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Hosseini SJ. Exploring effects of the trifluoromethyl substituent on the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of [3+2] cycloadditions of thiocarbonyl S‐methanides with α, β‐unsaturated ketones. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed J. Hosseini
- Chemistry Department, Shahrood BranchIslamic Azad University Shahrood Iran
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5
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Soleymani M, Kazemi Chegeni Z. A molecular electron density theory study on the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide with 2-cyclopentenone. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 92:256-266. [PMID: 31422198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (Nit-5) and 2-cyclopentenone (CPN-6), experimentally reported by Tamura et al., was theoretically studied using the newly introduced molecular electron density theory (MEDT). Based on the experimental findings, this reaction takes place in an O3-C4 regio- and an exo-stereospecific fashion to give corresponding [3 + 2] exo cycloadduct as the sole product. The results of the potential energy surface analysis indicated that the experimentally reported product is more favorable both thermodynamically and kinetically relative to other possible adducts. In complete agreement with the experimental outcomes, the conceptual density functional theory reactivity indices explained the reactivity and regioselectivity of the reaction. Calculation of global electron density transfer of the energetically most preferred transition state indicated that the electron density fluxes from Nit-5 as a nucleophilic species toward CPN-6 as an electrophilic species. Analysis of the molecular electrostatic potential map of the most favorable transition state showed that approach of Nit-5 and CPN-6 locates the oppositely charged regions over each other leading to attractive forces between two reagents rationalizing the exo stereoselectivity predominance. The molecular mechanism of the reactions was specified using electron localization function analysis over some relevant points along the intrinsic reaction coordinate profile of the most favorable transition state and the results indicated that this zwitterionic-type [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction proceeds through a two-stage one-step mechanism. In fact, while the O3-C4 single bond is initialy formed between two fragments through donation of some electron density from the O3 oxygen lone electron-pairs of Nit-5 toward the C4 carbon atom of CPN-6, the delayed C1-C5 single bond begins to form via C1- to -C5 coupling of pseudodiracal centers created on theses atoms over the course of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Soleymani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Kazemi Chegeni
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
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6
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Emamian S, Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Zahedi E, Hosseini SJ. Aziridination of Aromatic Aldimines Through Stabilized Ammonium Ylides: A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeedreza Emamian
- Chemistry Department; Shahrood Branch; Islamic Azad University; Shahrood Iran
| | - Luis R. Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Ehsan Zahedi
- Chemistry Department; Shahrood Branch; Islamic Azad University; Shahrood Iran
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7
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Emamian S, Soleymani M, Moosavi SS. Copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric aza Diels–Alder reactions of azoalkenes toward fulvenes: a molecular electron density theory study. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An ADA reaction between AD-2 and FU-3 was theoretically studied within two uncatalyzed as well as catalyzed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedreza Emamian
- Chemistry Department
- Shahrood Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Shahrood
- Iran
| | - Mousa Soleymani
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ayatollah Boroujerdi University
- Borujerd
- Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Moosavi
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ayatollah Boroujerdi University
- Borujerd
- Iran
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8
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Arrastia I, Arrieta A, Cossío FP. Application of 1,3-Dipolar Reactions between Azomethine Ylides and Alkenes to the Synthesis of Catalysts and Biologically Active Compounds. European J Org Chem 2018; 2018:5889-5904. [PMID: 30555273 PMCID: PMC6283252 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The (3+2) cycloaddition between azomethine ylides and alkenes is an efficient, convergent and stereocontrolled method for the synthesis of unnatural pyrrolidine and proline scaffolds. In this review, the application of this reaction to the synthesis of enantiopure organometallic ligands for asymmetric catalysis is presented first. These new EhuPhos ligands can participate in a second generation of 1,3-dipolar reactions that generate an offspring of unnatural proline derivatives that behave as efficient organocatalysts. These densely substituted unnatural l-proline derivatives exhibit distinct features, different to those described for natural l-proline and its derivatives. Finally, several examples of biologically active proline derivatives obtained by means of (3+2) cycloadditions involving azomethine ylides are presented. These applications show the character of privileged structures of these polysubstituted pyrrolidine rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosune Arrastia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 420018San Sebastian/DonostiaSpain
| | - Ana Arrieta
- Department of Organic Chemistry I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA)Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 320018San Sebastian/DonostiaSpain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 420018San Sebastian/DonostiaSpain
- Department of Organic Chemistry I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA)Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 320018San Sebastian/DonostiaSpain
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9
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Participation of furoxancarbonitrile oxide in [3+2] cycloaddition reaction toward C–N triple bond: a Molecular Electron Density Theory study of regioselectivity and mechanistic aspect. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Pérez P. A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Role of the Copper Metalation of Azomethine Ylides in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10959-10973. [PMID: 30052439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The copper metalation of azomethine ylides (AYs) in [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions with electron-deficient ethylenes has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level, in order to shed light on the electronic effect of the metalation in the course of the reaction. Analysis of the Conceptual Density Functional Theory reactivity indices indicates that the metalation of AYs markedly enhances the nucleophilicity of these species given the anionic character of the AY framework. These 32CA reactions take place through stepwise mechanisms characterized by the formation of a molecular complex. Both nonmetalated and metalated 32CA reactions present similar activation energies. While metalated 32CA reactions are completely regioselective, their stereoselectivity depends on the bulk of the ligand as well as the nature of the ethylene derivative. The metalation of the AY slightly increases the asynchronicity of the C-C single bond formation. Electron Localization Function topological analysis of the C-C bond formation processes makes it possible to characterize the mechanism of these 32CA reactions as a two-stage one-step mechanism. The present MEDT study rules out any catalytic role of the Cu(I) cation in the kinetics of the 32CA reactions of metalated AYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Valencia , Dr. Moliner 50 , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Valencia , Dr. Moliner 50 , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andres Bello , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas , Av. República 498 , 8370146 , Santiago , Chile
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11
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Asr A, Emamian S, Aghaie M, Aghaie H. [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between CF3-substituted thiocarbonyl ylides and thioketones: Exploration of regioselectivity and mechanistic aspects using Molecular Electron Density Theory. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Emamian S, Lu T, Domingo LR, Heidarpoor Saremi L, Ríos-Gutiérrez M. A molecular electron density theory study of the chemo- and regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between trifluoroacetonitrile N-oxide and thioketones. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Asr A, Aghaie M, Emamian S, Aghaie H. A molecular electron density theory study on the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of thiocarbonyl ylides with hetaryl thioketones. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In situ generated TCY 2 is trapped with THK 3 over the course of a non-polar, entirely C1–C4 regioselective, pdr-type 32CA reaction passing through TS 1 in a non-concerted two-stage one-step molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Asr
- Faculty of Chemistry
- North-Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mehran Aghaie
- Faculty of Chemistry
- North-Tehran Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Saeedreza Emamian
- Chemistry Department
- Shahrood Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Shahrood
- Iran
| | - Hossein Aghaie
- Chemistry Department
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
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14
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A DFT computational study on the molecular mechanism of reaction between pyridinium salts and π-deficient ethylenes: Why furan derivatives are formed instead of feasible cyclopropane derivatives and [3 + 2] cycloadducts? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Emamian S. Toward understanding regioselectivity and molecular mechanism in the synthesis of CF 2 H-containing 2-pyrazolines: A molecular electron-density theory study. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Emamian S. A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction between Azomethine Ylides and Electron‐Deficient Nitroalkenes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeedreza Emamian
- Chemistry Department, Shahrood BranchIslamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
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17
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Gaisina KR, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS. Non-pericyclic cycloaddition of gem-difluorosubstituted azomethine ylides to the CO bond: computational study and synthesis of fluorinated oxazole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4579-4586. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cycloaddition of α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenones with gem-difluoro-substituted azomethine ylides, generated from N-benzhydrylideneamines and difluorocarbenes, occurs regioselectively to give fluorinated oxazolidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina R. Gaisina
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg
- 199034 Russia
| | | | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg
- 199034 Russia
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18
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Zhao HW, Zhao YD, Liu YY, Zhao LJ, Song XQ, Chen XQ, Pang HL, Du J, Feng NN. 1,3-Dipolar [3 + 3] cycloaddition of α-halohydroxamate-based azaoxyallyl cations with hydrazonoyl chloride-derived nitrile imines. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoted by Et3N, the 1,3-dipolar [3 + 3] cycloaddition of α-halohydroxamate-based azaoxyallylcations with hydrazonoyl chloride-derived nitrile imines occurred efficiently, and furnished desired products in acceptable chemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Di Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Yue-Yang Liu
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Jiao Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qing Song
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Chen
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Pang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Feng
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
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A DFT computational study of the molecular mechanism of [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between nitroethene and benzonitrile N-oxides. J Mol Model 2016; 23:13. [PMID: 28032222 PMCID: PMC5196010 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to shed light on the molecular mechanism of [3 + 2] cycloadditions of simple conjugated nitroalkenes to benzonitrile N-oxides. In particular, it was found that these processes proceed by a one-step mechanism through asynchronous transition states. According to the latest terminology, they should be considered polar but not stepwise processes.
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