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Yu S, Bao H, Zhang D, Yang X. Kinetic resolution of substituted amido[2.2]paracyclophanes via asymmetric electrophilic amination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5239. [PMID: 37640717 PMCID: PMC10462673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives are a type of structurally intriguing and practically useful chiral molecules, which have found a range of important applications in the field of asymmetric catalysis and material science. However, access to enantioenriched [2.2]paracyclophanes represents a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis due to their unique structures, which are still highly dependent on the chiral chromatography separation technique and classical chemical resolution strategy to date. In this work, we report on an efficient and versatile kinetic resolution protocol for various substituted amido[2.2]paracyclophanes, including those with pseudo-geminal, pseudo-ortho, pseudo-meta and pseudo-para disubstitutions, using chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric amination reaction, which was also applicable to the enantioselective desymmetrization of an achiral diamido[2.2]paracyclophane. Detailed experimental studies shed light on a new reaction mechanism for the electrophilic aromatic C-H amination, which proceeded through sequential triazane formation and N[1,5]-rearrangement. The facile large-scale kinetic resolution reaction and diverse derivatizations of both the recovered chiral starting materials and the C-H amination products showcased the potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoze Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hanyang Bao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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2
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C2-Symmetric N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Asymmetric Transition-Metal Catalysis. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14081615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed a rapid growth of applications of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in different chemistry fields. Due to their unique steric and electronic properties, NHCs have become a powerful tool in coordination chemistry, allowing the preparation of stable metal-ligand frameworks with both main group metals and transition metals. An overview on the use of five membered monodentate C2-symmetric N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as ligands for transition-metal complexes and their most relevant applications in asymmetric catalysis is offered.
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Foster D, Borhanuddin SM, Dorta R. Designing successful monodentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for asymmetric metal catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17467-17477. [PMID: 34787620 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral ligands are of particular importance in asymmetric transition-metal catalysis. Although the development of effective chiral monodentate N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has been slow, a growing amount of papers have been published in recent years showing their unique efficiency as chiral ancillary ligands. Herein we provide an overview of NHC structures that accomplish high levels of enantioselectivity (≥90% ee) and give guidelines to their use and thoughts on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daven Foster
- Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - S M Borhanuddin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Reto Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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Haraguchi R, Yamazaki T, Torita K, Ito T, Fukuzawa SI. Planar-chiral ferrocene-based triazolylidene copper complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalysis in asymmetric borylation of α,β-unsaturated ester. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17578-17583. [PMID: 33231226 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidenes have recently attracted considerable attention as versatile ligands because of their strong electron-donating properties and structural diversities. While some efforts have been devoted to the development of chiral triazolylidene-metal complexes, there is no example achieving asymmetric induction by base-metal complexes with triazolylidene ligands. Herein, we synthesized planar-chiral ferrocene-based triazolylidene copper complexes, which enabled the asymmetric borylation of methyl cinnamate with bis(pinacolato)diboron with good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan.
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Miwa Y, Kamimura T, Sato K, Shishido D, Yoshida K. Chiral Bicyclic NHC/Cu Complexes for Catalytic Asymmetric Borylation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14291-14296. [PMID: 31591888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential of using chiral bicyclic NHC ligands that exhibit modularity was investigated in the Cu-catalyzed asymmetric borylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated esters. After screening for ligands and optimization of the reaction conditions, the corresponding products were afforded with good enantioselectivities (up to 85% ee).
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Kitagaki S, Murata S, Asaoka K, Sugisaka K, Mukai C, Takenaga N, Yoshida K. Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Bisoxazoline Ligands: Design, Synthesis, and Use in Cu-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular Asymmetric O–H Insertion Reactions. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:1006-1014. [PMID: 30270235 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenta Sugisaka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Chisato Mukai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Zheng K, Liu X, Feng X. Recent Advances in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Conjugate Addition (ACA) of Nonorganometallic Nucleophiles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7586-7656. [PMID: 30047721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition (ACA) reaction has emerged as a general and powerful approach for the construction of optically active compounds and is among the most significant and useful reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. In recent years, great progress has been made in this area with the use of various chiral metal complexes based on different chiral ligands. This review provides comprehensive and critical information on the enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of nonorganometallic (soft) nucleophiles and their importance in synthetic applications. The literature is covered from the last 10 years, and a number of examples from before 2007 are included as background information. The review is divided into multiple parts according to the type of nucleophile involved in the reaction (such as C-, B-, O-, N-, S-, P-, and Si-centered nucleophiles) and metal catalyst systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
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Kitagaki S, Nakamura K, Kawabata C, Ishikawa A, Takenaga N, Yoshida K. Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based phosphine–phenols: use in enantioselective [3 + 2] annulations of allenoates and N-tosylimines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1770-1778. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based phosphine–phenols efficiently catalyze the [3 + 2] annulation of N-tosylimines and allenoate.
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Wang L, Ye M, Wang L, Duan W, Song C, Ma Y. Synthesis of fluorine-substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-based carbene precursors for copper-catalyzed enantioselective boration of α,β-unsaturated ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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An P, Huo Y, Chen Z, Song C, Ma Y. Metal-free enantioselective addition of nucleophilic silicon to aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by a [2.2]paracyclophane-based N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3202-3206. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal-free enantioselective 1,2-silylation of aromatic aldehydes to yield chiral α-hydroxysilanes was developed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Huo
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University For Nationalities
- Chengde 0670000
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P. R. China
| | - Yudao Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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