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Khoo YS, Tjong TC, Chew JW, Hu X. Techniques for recovery and recycling of ionic liquids: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171238. [PMID: 38423336 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Due to beneficial properties like non-flammability, thermal stability, low melting point and low vapor pressure, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained great interest from engineers and researchers in the past decades to replace conventional solvents. The superior characteristics of ILs make them promising for applications in fields as wide-ranging as pharmaceuticals, foods, nanoparticles synthesis, catalysis, electrochemistry and so on. To alleviate the high cost and environmental impact of ILs, various technologies have been reported to recover and purify the used ILs, as well as recycling the ILs. The aim of this article is to overview the state-of-the-art research on the recovery and recycling technologies for ILs including membrane technology, distillation, extraction, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and adsorption. In addition, challenges and future perspectives on ILs recovery are discussed. This review is expected to provide valuable insights for developing effective and environmentally friendly recovery methods for ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Siew Khoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore; RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore
| | - Tommy Chandra Tjong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore; RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore; Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Ave, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore; RGE-NTU Sustainable Textile Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore.
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2
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Zhao Z, Li H, Gao X. Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2651-2698. [PMID: 38157216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Progress in microwave (MW) energy application technology has stimulated remarkable advances in manufacturing and high-quality applications of ionic liquids (ILs) that are generally used as novel media in chemical engineering. This Review focuses on an emerging technology via the combination of MW energy and the usage of ILs, termed microwave-assisted ionic liquid (MAIL) technology. In comparison to conventional routes that rely on heat transfer through media, the contactless and unique MW heating exploits the electromagnetic wave-ions interactions to deliver energy to IL molecules, accelerating the process of material synthesis, catalytic reactions, and so on. In addition to the inherent advantages of ILs, including outstanding solubility, and well-tuned thermophysical properties, MAIL technology has exhibited great potential in process intensification to meet the requirement of efficient, economic chemical production. Here we start with an introduction to principles of MW heating, highlighting fundamental mechanisms of MW induced process intensification based on ILs. Next, the synergies of MW energy and ILs employed in materials synthesis, as well as their merits, are documented. The emerging applications of MAIL technologies are summarized in the next sections, involving tumor therapy, organic catalysis, separations, and bioconversions. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of this emerging technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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3
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Enhancement of long alkyl-chained imidazolium ionic liquids for the formation and extraction behaviour of PEG 600/(NH4)2SO4 aqueous two-phase system by complexing with Triton X-100. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Lalthlengliani J, Gurung J, Pulikkal AK. Solubilization of aqueous-insoluble phenothiazine drug in TX-100 micellar solution and interactions of cationic/anionic surfactants with phenothiazine–TX-100 system. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Goh KY, Ching YC, Ng MH, Chuah CH, Julaihi SBJ. Microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced alginate microbeads for delivery of palm-based vitamin E: Characterizations and in vitro evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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8
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Gao M, Guo X, Liu P, Zhao M, Yin H, Dai C. Experimental study and molecular simulation on aggregation behavior of
surface‐active
ionic liquids containing saturated nitrogen heterocycles in aqueous solution. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Xu Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Hui Yin
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Zhundong Oil Production Plant, Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay P.R. China
| | - Caili Dai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao P.R. China
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9
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Kumar H, Kaur G. Influence of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate on the self-assembly of AOT based surface-active ionic liquids having different pharmacologically active cations in the aqueous medium. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Kumar H, Kaur G. Scrutinizing Self-Assembly, Surface Activity and Aggregation Behavior of Mixtures of Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids and Surfactants: A Comprehensive Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:667941. [PMID: 34055738 PMCID: PMC8158659 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.667941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The desire of improving various processes like enhanced oil recovery (EOR), water treatment technologies, biomass extraction, organic synthesis, carbon capture etc. in which conventional surfactants have been traditionally utilized; prompted various researchers to explore the self-assembly and aggregation behavior of different kinds of surface-active molecules. Ionic liquids (ILs) with long alkyl chain present in their structure constitute the advantageous properties of surfactant and ILs, hence termed as surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs). The addition of ILs and SAILs significantly influence the surface-activity and aggregation behavior of industrially useful conventional surfactants. After a brief review of ILs, SAILs and surfactants, the prime focus is made on analyzing the self-assembly of SAILs and the mixed micellization behavior of conventional surfactants with different ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
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11
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El Seoud OA, Keppeler N, Malek NI, Galgano PD. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants: Recent Advances in Their Syntheses, Solution Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1100. [PMID: 33808369 PMCID: PMC8036849 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impetus for the expanding interest in ionic liquids (ILs) is their favorable properties and important applications. Ionic liquid-based surfactants (ILBSs) carry long-chain hydrophobic tails. Two or more molecules of ILBSs can be joined by covalent bonds leading, e.g., to gemini compounds (GILBSs). This review article focuses on aspects of the chemistry and applications of ILBSs and GILBSs, especially in the last ten years. Data on their adsorption at the interface and micelle formation are relevant for the applications of these surfactants. Therefore, we collected data for 152 ILBSs and 11 biamphiphilic compounds. The head ions of ILBSs are usually heterocyclic (imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, etc.). Most of these head-ions are also present in the reported 53 GILBSs. Where possible, we correlate the adsorption/micellar properties of the surfactants with their molecular structures, in particular, the number of carbon atoms present in the hydrocarbon "tail". The use of ILBSs as templates for the fabrication of mesoporous nanoparticles enables better control of particle porosity and size, hence increasing their usefulness. ILs and ILBSs form thermodynamically stable water/oil and oil/water microemulsions. These were employed as templates for (radical) polymerization reactions, where the monomer is the "oil" component. The formed polymer nanoparticles can be further stabilized against aggregation by using a functionalized ILBS that is co-polymerized with the monomers. In addition to updating the literature on the subject, we hope that this review highlights the versatility and hence the potential applications of these classes of surfactants in several fields, including synthesis, catalysis, polymers, decontamination, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. El Seoud
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (N.K.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Nicolas Keppeler
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (N.K.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Naved I. Malek
- Applied Chemistry Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India;
| | - Paula D. Galgano
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (N.K.); (P.D.G.)
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Cao H, Xu W, Guo X. The wormlike micelles formed using an ionic liquid surfactant and polar organic solvents at low temperature without additives and their lubricant properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1437-1444. [PMID: 33326550 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wormlike micelles (or reverse wormlike micelles) are flexible cylindrical chains that are normally formed in water (or a nonpolar organic solvent) at 25.0 °C or above; the formation of wormlike micelles at lower temperatures is rare. Here, we have reported wormlike micelles formed at low temperature using an ionic liquid surfactant (1-octadecyl-3-nonyl imidazolium bromide) in polar organic solvents (including 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene glycol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and glycerol/1,2-propylene glycol mixture) in the absence of any additives. The viscoelasticity and morphology of the wormlike micelles were studied using rheology, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. The viscoelastic properties of the wormlike micelles in polar solvents are affected by the solvent type (or the weight ratio of glycerol to 1,2-propylene glycol), surfactant concentration, and temperature. Moreover, the G' and G'' crossover twice in the dynamic curves, which is different from the case in water. The first crossover (at low frequency) corresponds to the relaxation time for the alkyl chains to disentangle from the transient network, and the second crossover (at high frequency) is related to the segmental motion of the chains. Furthermore, the tribological performance of these wormlike micelles is investigated at low temperature. It is found that the protective film (formed by the physical adhesion of the wormlike micelles on the surface of friction disk pair) and the tribochemical reaction together lead to good antifriction and antiwear performance, which indicates the application prospects of these wormlike micelles in low-temperature lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China.
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13
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Cao H, Hu Y, Xu W, Wang Y, Guo X. Recent progress in the assembly behavior of imidazolium-based ionic liquid surfactants. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Phani
Kumar BVN, Reddy RR, Pan A, Aswal VK, Tsuchiya K, Prameela GKS, Abe M, Mandal AB, Moulik SP. Physicochemical Understanding of Self-Aggregation and Microstructure of a Surface-Active Ionic Liquid [C 4mim] [C 8OSO 3] Mixed with a Reverse Pluronic 10R5 (PO 8EO 22PO 8). ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5155-5164. [PMID: 31458730 PMCID: PMC6641978 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical studies on aqueous mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) and reverse pluronics are limited. Self-aggregation dynamics and microstructure of a surface-active IL (SAIL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate [C4mim] [C8OSO3], in the presence of a reverse pluronic, PO8EO22PO8 (known as 10R5), were studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) methods. Also, cryo-/freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the microstructures of SAIL/10R5 mixtures. The ITC and NMR results revealed facilitation of SAIL aggregation in the presence of 10R5 forming mixed aggregates as well as free SAIL micelles. 2H spin relaxation rate data pointed out the onset of slow dynamics of the aqueous SAIL/10R5 mixture with an increase in either the former or the latter. Globular morphologies of the mixed species as well as their individual components were corroborated from the measurements. The preferential location of interaction of the SAIL with the 10R5 was identified from 13C NMR chemical shift findings to be in the interfacial region of the assembled SAIL. The formed species were mixed interacted aggregates but not mixed micelles that arise from mixed surfactants. The physicochemical information acquired herein would enrich the literature on the 10R5/SAIL mixed microheterogeneous systems having importance in the making of useful green drug carrier systems and templates for the synthesis of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandaru V. N. Phani
Kumar
- NMR,
Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR−Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
- Academic
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR−CLRI Campus, Chennai 600020, India
| | - R. Ravikanth Reddy
- NMR,
Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR−Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
- Academic
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR−CLRI Campus, Chennai 600020, India
| | - Animesh Pan
- Centre
for Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Aswal
- Solid
State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Koji Tsuchiya
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Gorthy K. S. Prameela
- NMR,
Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR−Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
| | - Masahiko Abe
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- NMR,
Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR−Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
| | - Satya Priya Moulik
- Centre
for Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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15
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Morphological transformations in Triton X-100 micelles modulated by imidazolium and pyridinium type Ionic Liquids: Investigations by scattering techniques. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Singh O, Singla P, Aswal VK, Mahajan RK. Aggregation and Morphological Aptitude of Drug-Based Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3296-3307. [PMID: 31457654 PMCID: PMC6641264 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present how replacing the usual inorganic counter ion with a pharmaceutically active aromatic one can greatly affect the interfacial as well as bulk properties of ionic liquids (ILs). We have synthesized a series of novel drug-based ILs, namely, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium diclofenate ([C n mim][DF]; n = 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14) abbreviated as DF-ILs, wherein DF- is a well-recognized analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. We show strong synergistic interactions between C n mim+ and aromatic DF- attributed to reduced electrostatic repulsions and increased hydrophobicity from their incorporation, reflecting a 300-fold smaller critical aggregation concentration than that of their Cl- analogue [C n mim][Cl]. Interfacial properties for such strongly associating systems are discussed and clearly established to have remarkably improved properties than those of their Cl- analogues. The decreasing polarity of the cybotactic region of pyrene with increase in the chain length "n" indicates an increased extent of packing of cationic head groups in the Stern layer. DF- ion seems to play a vital role in the formation of the resulting aggregates, as probed by small angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The thermodynamical insights of the aggregation process have been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry and temperature-dependent conductivity experiments. Unilamellar vesicles are formed at extremely low concentration, and also it is the first report that puts into picture the formation of vesicles for [C6mim][DF] with such a short chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies-I, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Pankaj Singla
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies-I, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Aswal
- Solid
State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mahajan
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies-I, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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Raghavan V, Polavarapu PL. First Room Temperature Chiral Anionic Liquid Forming Micelles and Reverse Micelles. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1629-1639. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse 37235, United States
| | - Prasad L Polavarapu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse 37235, United States
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