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Abstract
Nitroxides, also known as nitroxyl radicals, are long-lived or stable radicals with the general structure R1R2N-O•. The spin distribution over the nitroxide N and O atoms contributes to the thermodynamic stability of these radicals. The presence of bulky N-substituents R1 and R2 prevents nitroxide radical dimerization, ensuring their kinetic stability. Despite their reactivity toward various transient C radicals, some nitroxides can be easily stored under air at room temperature. Furthermore, nitroxides can be oxidized to oxoammonium salts (R1R2N═O+) or reduced to anions (R1R2N-O-), enabling them to act as valuable oxidants or reductants depending on their oxidation state. Therefore, they exhibit interesting reactivity across all three oxidation states. Due to these fascinating properties, nitroxides find extensive applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis. This review focuses on the versatile applications of nitroxides in organic synthesis. For their use in other important fields, we will refer to several review articles. The introductory part provides a brief overview of the history of nitroxide chemistry. Subsequently, the key methods for preparing nitroxides are discussed, followed by an examination of their structural diversity and physical properties. The main portion of this review is dedicated to oxidation reactions, wherein parent nitroxides or their corresponding oxoammonium salts serve as active species. It will be demonstrated that various functional groups (such as alcohols, amines, enolates, and alkanes among others) can be efficiently oxidized. These oxidations can be carried out using nitroxides as catalysts in combination with various stoichiometric terminal oxidants. By reducing nitroxides to their corresponding anions, they become effective reducing reagents with intriguing applications in organic synthesis. Nitroxides possess the ability to selectively react with transient radicals, making them useful for terminating radical cascade reactions by forming alkoxyamines. Depending on their structure, alkoxyamines exhibit weak C-O bonds, allowing for the thermal generation of C radicals through reversible C-O bond cleavage. Such thermally generated C radicals can participate in various radical transformations, as discussed toward the end of this review. Furthermore, the application of this strategy in natural product synthesis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Mu Y, Jiang R, Hong Y, Hou J, Yang Z, Tang D. Acid-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines from (1H-pyrazol-5-yl)anilines and ethers via the cleavage of C–O bond. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)-H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [PMID: 35965690 PMCID: PMC9364982 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C─H functionalization reactions are playing an increasing role in the preparation and modification of complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymer precursors. Radical C─H functionalization reactions, initiated by hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and proceeding via open-shell radical intermediates, have been expanding rapidly in recent years. These methods introduce strategic opportunities to functionalize C(sp3)─H bonds. Examples include synthetically useful advances in radical-chain reactivity and biomimetic radical-rebound reactions. A growing number of reactions, however, proceed via "radical relay" whereby HAT generates a diffusible radical that is functionalized by a separate reagent or catalyst. The latter methods provide the basis for versatile C─H cross-coupling methods with diverse partners. In the present review, highlights of recent radical-chain and radical-rebound methods provide context for a survey of emerging radical-relay methods, which greatly expand the scope and utility of intermolecular C(sp3)─H functionalization and cross coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
| | - Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
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4
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Terent’ev AO, Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Budnikov AS, Segida OO, Merkulova VM, Vil’ VA, Nikishin GI. Hidden Reactivity of Barbituric and Meldrum’s Acids: Atom-Efficient Free-Radical C–O Coupling with N-Hydroxy Compounds. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1643-7642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe reactivity of CH-acidic and structurally related enol-containing heterocycles towards N-oxyl radicals is disclosed. Traditionally, these substrates have been considered as reactants for ionic transformations. Highly selective and efficient N-oxyl radical mediated C–O coupling of substituted barbituric or Meldrum’s acids with N-hydroxy compounds (N-hydroxyimides, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and N-hydroxybenzotriazole) was achieved using inexpensive manganese-containing salts as oxidants. Metal-free C–O coupling was demonstrated using diacetyliminoxyl as both the oxidant (hydrogen-atom acceptor) and the coupling partner.
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5
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Paveliev SA, Segida OO, Dvoretskiy A, Dzyunov MM, Fedorova UV, Terent'ev AO. Electrifying Phthalimide- N-Oxyl (PINO) Radical Chemistry: Anodically Induced Dioxygenation of Vinyl Arenes with N-Hydroxyphthalimide. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18107-18116. [PMID: 34878276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical process of free-radical difunctionalization of vinyl arenes with N-hydroxyphthalimide resulting in vicinal dioxyphthalimides was discovered. The reaction proceeds with the use of pyridinium perchlorate and pyridine as a supporting electrolyte and a base, respectively. The present approach involves the anodic generation of stabilized phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical, which adds to the carbon-carbon double bond of vinyl arenes and recombines with the subsequently formed benzylic radical. A wide range of dioxyphthalimides were obtained in yields up to 81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg O Segida
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Dvoretskiy
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Mark M Dzyunov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Uliana V Fedorova
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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6
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Iodine(III) promotes cross-dehydrogenative coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide and unactivated C(sp 3)-H bonds. Commun Chem 2021; 4:46. [PMID: 36697770 PMCID: PMC9814821 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions provide a method to construct new chemical bonds by direct C-H activation without any pre-functionalization. Compared to functionalization of a C-H bond α- to ether oxygen, α- to carbonyl, or at a benzylic position, functionalization of unactivated hydrocarbons is difficult and often requires high temperatures, a transition-metal catalyst, or a superstoichiometric quantity of volatile, toxic, and explosive tert-butylhydroperoxide. Here, a cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide with unactivated alkanes, nitriles, ethers, and thioethers has been realized by using iodobenzene diacetate as the radical initiator. The current protocol enables efficient functionalization of unactivated hydrocarbons and nitriles through inert C(sp3)-H bond activation under mild reaction conditions. O-substituted NHPI derivatives are generated in good yields under metal-free conditions.
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7
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Yang Y, Gao W, Wang Y, Wang X, Cao F, Shi T, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Copper Promoted Inert C(sp3)–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Muñoz-Molina JM, Belderrain TR, Pérez PJ. Recent Advances in Copper-Catalyzed Radical C–H Bond Activation Using N–F Reagents. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This Short Review is aimed at giving an update in the area of copper-catalyzed C–H functionalization involving nitrogen-centered radicals generated from substrates containing N–F bonds. These processes include intermolecular Csp3–H bond functionalization, remote Csp3–H bond functionalization via intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and Csp2–H bond functionalization, which might be of potential use in industrial applications in the future.1 Introduction2 Intermolecular Csp3–H Functionalization3 Remote Csp3–H Functionalization4 Csp2–H Functionalization5 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva
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9
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10
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Paveliev SA, Churakov AI, Alimkhanova LS, Segida OO, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Electrochemical Synthesis of
O
‐Phthalimide Oximes from
α
‐Azido Styrenes
via
Radical Sequence: Generation, Addition and Recombination of Imide‐
N
‐Oxyl and Iminyl Radicals with C−O/N−O Bonds Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Artem I. Churakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Liliya S. Alimkhanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg O. Segida
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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11
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N-(Alkoxy)- and N-(acyloxy)phthalimides in organic synthesis: free radical synthetic approaches and applications (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Krylov IB, Lopat'eva ER, Budnikov AS, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Metal-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative C-O Coupling of Carbonyl Compounds with N-Hydroxyimides: Unexpected Selective Behavior of Highly Reactive Free Radicals at an Elevated Temperature. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1935-1947. [PMID: 31886660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling of N-hydroxyimides with ketones, esters, and carboxylic acids was achieved employing the di-tert-butyl peroxide as a source of free radicals and a dehydrogenating agent. The proposed method is experimentally simple and demonstrates the outstanding efficiency for the challenging CH substrates, such as unactivated esters and carboxylic acids. It was shown that N-hydroxyphthalimide drastically affects the oxidative properties of t-BuOOt-Bu by intercepting the t-BuO• radicals with the formation of phthalimide-N-oxyl radicals, a species responsible for both hydrogen atom abstraction from the CH reagent and the selective formation of the C-O coupling product by selective radical cross-recombination. The practical applicability of the developed method was exemplified by the single-stage synthesis of commercial reagent (known as Baran aminating reagent precursor) from isobutyric acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide, whereas in the standard synthetic approach, four stages are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 47 Leninsky prosp ., 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Elena R Lopat'eva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 47 Leninsky prosp ., 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation.,Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , 9 Miusskaya sq. , Moscow 125047 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 47 Leninsky prosp ., 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation.,Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , 9 Miusskaya sq. , Moscow 125047 , Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 47 Leninsky prosp ., 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 47 Leninsky prosp ., 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
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13
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Jiang H, Tang X, Liu S, Wang L, Shen H, Yang J, Wang H, Gui QW. Ultrasound accelerated synthesis of O-alkylated hydroximides under solvent- and metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:10223-10227. [PMID: 31777898 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel, sustainable, environmentally friendly, high substrate scope, efficient, solvent-free and metal catalyst-free method for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction between N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and benzyl/ether compounds is described. This coupling reaction proceeds through ultrasound acceleration. Compared to conventional heating conditions, the use of ultrasound techniques not only improves the reaction efficiency and enhances the reaction rate but also minimizes the side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jiang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Liu
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian Wang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haicheng Shen
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiankui Yang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huixian Wang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing-Wen Gui
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Zhou J, Zhou P, Zhao T, Ren Q, Li J. (Thio)etherification of Quinoxalinones under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Quanlei Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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15
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Yu J, Shou H, Yu W, Chen H, Su W. Mechanochemical Oxidative Heck Coupling of Activated and Unactivated Alkenes: A Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Stereo‐Controlled Synthesis of Alkenylbenzenes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Shou
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyang Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhou J, Zou Y, Zhou P, Chen Z, Li J. Copper-catalyzed versatile C(sp3)–H arylation: synthetic scope and regioselectivity investigations. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical protocol is developed for the synthesis of functionalized nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics via radical C(sp2)–H or C(sp2)–halogen alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
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17
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Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Syroeshkin MA, Korlyukov AA, Dorovatovskii PV, Zubavichus YV, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Hypervalent iodine compounds for anti-Markovnikov-type iodo-oxyimidation of vinylarenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2146-2155. [PMID: 30202467 PMCID: PMC6122379 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The iodo-oxyimidation of styrenes with the N-hydroxyimide/I2/hypervalent iodine oxidant system was proposed. Among the examined hypervalent iodine oxidants (PIDA, PIFA, IBX, DMP) PhI(OAc)2 proved to be the most effective; yields of iodo-oxyimides are 34-91%. A plausible reaction pathway includes the addition of an imide-N-oxyl radical to the double C=C bond and trapping of the resultant benzylic radical by iodine. It was shown that the iodine atom in the prepared iodo-oxyimides can be substituted by various nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, 143050 B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav A Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Korlyukov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str., 1, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yan V Zubavichus
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, 143050 B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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18
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Faisca Phillips AM, Pombeiro AJL. Recent Developments in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Ethers and Thioethers. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Faisca Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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19
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Sun B, Yin S, Zhuang X, Jin C, Su W. Selectfluor-induced C(sp2)–O coupling reaction of N-substituted anilines with hydroxylamine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6017-6024. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel metal-free method for the construction of C(sp2)–O bonds via oxidative cross-coupling reactions between various N-substituted anilines and hydroxylamine derivatives just using commercially available Selectfluor as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Can Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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20
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Li W, Yin C, Yang X, Liu H, Zheng X, Yuan M, Li R, Fu H, Chen H. Cu(ii)-Mediated keto C(sp3)–H bond α-acyloxylation of N,N-dialkylamides with aromatic carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7594-7599. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of Cu(ii)-mediated oxidative coupling of aromatic carboxylic acids with the C(sp3)–H bond adjacent to the keto group of N,N-dialkylamides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Changzhen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Maolin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
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21
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Xu X, Sun J, Lin Y, Cheng J, Li P, Yan Y, Shuai Q, Xie Y. Copper nitrate-catalyzed oxidative coupling of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds of ethers and alkanes with N-hydroxyphthalimide: synthesis of N-hydroxyimide esters. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9875-9879. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02249b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel oxygenative cross dehydrogenative coupling of ethers and alkanes with NHPI under a copper nitrate/oxygen catalytic system is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Yuyan Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Jingya Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Pingping Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Yiyan Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Qi Shuai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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