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Roszyk M, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Electrochemical and Optical Properties of D-A-A-A-D Azomethine Triad and Its NIR-Active Polymer. Molecules 2024; 29:4470. [PMID: 39339464 PMCID: PMC11434257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The azomethine TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA with a donor-acceptor-acceptor-acceptor-donor structure has been synthesized and characterized. Azomethine TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA exhibited luminescence properties and a positive solvatochromic effect. Electropolymerization on terminated triphenylamine groups was used to obtain a thin layer of the polyazomethine poly-[TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA]. Further investigation of oxidation/reduction properties of poly-[TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA] via cyclic voltammetry showed that the polymer undergoes two reversible oxidation/reduction processes due to the presence of tetraphenylbenzidine moieties. Electrochromic properties of the polyazomethine poly-[TPA-(BTZ)3-TPA] were investigated via spectroelectrochemistry. It was observed that the polymer in its neutral state is orange, and the color changes to green upon electro-oxidation. The stability of the polymer during multiple oxidation/reduction cycles, response times, and coloration efficiency were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Roszyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Wałęsa-Chorab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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2
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Mondal S, Santra DC, Roy S, Narayana YSLV, Yoshida T, Ninomiya Y, Higuchi M. Reversible Electrochromic/Electrofluorochromic Dual Switching in Zn(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42912-42919. [PMID: 37644710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of novel materials with multifunctional chromogenic properties, such as electrochromic/electrofluorochromic (EC/EFC) properties, has recently attracted prospective interest in the development of various optoelectronic devices and smart windows. In this study, a novel Zn(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer (polyZn) has been developed as an ON/OFF switchable EFC application with prominent EC behavior. In this regard, the polymeric chain of polyZn was first synthesized by 1:1 complexation in a zigzag manner with Zn(II) ions at the metal center and 4,4'-[bis(2,2':6',2″-terpyridinyl)benzene]triphenylamine (LTPY-TPA) as the redox-active ditopic ligand. The polyZn exhibits excellent solubility in organic solvents and can form a very good uniform thin film on an indium tin oxide/glass substrate by spin-coating. In a neutral state, transparent polyZn exhibits a bright yellow color to the naked eye (absorption at ∼325 nm). The electroactive triphenylamine (TPA) core of LTPA-TPY, however, undergoes reversible single-electron oxidation when a positive bias of +1.6 V vs Ag/Ag+ is applied, generating radical cations (TPA ↔ TPA•+) with a significant drop in transparency (77%). A noticeable chromic shift in the hue of the film from brilliant yellow to green was observed with the appearance of a near-infrared absorption band at ∼897 nm with a tail of 1300-1600 nm. Interestingly, in addition to this EC phenomenon, the fabricated solid-state polyZn film exhibits intense, high-contrast reddish-orange photoluminescence with λem = 650 nm, which is significantly desired as a molecular probe for bioimaging. Both the TPA core and the redox-inactive Zn(II)-terpyridine core emit orange-red photoluminescence in polyZn, which is significantly quenched upon the oxidation of the film and is re-emitted at 0.0 V vs Ag/Ag+. This ON/OFF EFC transition was sustained for several cycles. This study should motivate to design and create distinctive new unique materials with combined EC/EFC behavior for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices by combining a metal-fluorescent core with a redox-active spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dines Chandra Santra
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Susmita Roy
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yemineni S L V Narayana
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Fully organic electroactive monomers for electrochromic behaviors having high coloration efficiency and long cycle stability towards flexible Solid-State electrochromic device. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Liu E, Liu X, Jin Z, Jian F. Study on the relationship between structure and fluorescence properties of anthracene derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Roy S, Chakraborty C. Transmissive to blackish-green NIR electrochromism in a Co(II)-based interfacial co-ordination thin film. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7565-7568. [PMID: 34250993 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02815d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a Co(ii)-based metallo-polymer (Co-tpy-L) with a three armed non-conjugated terpyridine ligand is synthesized using solvent-solvent interfacial polymerization. The thin film exhibits durable transmissive-to-blackish green electrochromism, selectively covering both the visible and NIR regions with a moderate voltage range of -1.4 to 0 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Telangana 500078, India.
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Santra DC, Mondal S, Yoshida T, Ninomiya Y, Higuchi M. Ru(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer with Tetrakis( N-methylbenzimidazolyl)bipyridine for a Durable, Nonvolatile, and Electrochromic Device Driven at 0.6 V. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31153-31162. [PMID: 34176261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage operation, high durability, and long memory time are demanded for electrochromic (EC) display device applications. Metallo-supramolecular polymers (MSPs), composed of a metal ion and ditopic ligand, are one of the recently developed EC materials, and the ligand modification is expected to tune the redox potential of MSP. In order to lower the redox potential of MSP, tetrakis(N-methylbenzimidazolyl)bipyridine (LBip) was designed as an electronically rich ligand. Ru-based MSP (polyRu-LBip) was successfully synthesized by 1:1 complexation of RuCl2(DMSO)4 with LBip. The molecular weight (Mw) was high (8.8 × 106 Da) enough to provide a simple 1H NMR spectrum, of which the proton peaks could be assigned by the comparison with the spectrum of the corresponding mono-Ru complex. The redox potential (E1/2) between Ru(II/III) was 0.51 V versus Ag/Ag+, which was much lower than the redox potential of previously reported Ru-based MSP with bis(terpyridyl)benzene (0.95 V vs Ag/Ag+). The polymer film exhibited reversible, distinct color changes between violet and light green-yellow upon applying very low potentials of 0 and 0.6 V vs Ag/Ag+, respectively. The appearance and disappearance of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption by the electrochemical redox between Ru(II/III) were confirmed using in situ spectro-electrochemical measurement. A solid-state EC device with polyRu-LBip was revealed to have large optical contrast (ΔT 54%), fast response time (1.37 s for bleaching and 0.67 s for coloration), remarkable coloration efficiency (571 cm2/C), and high durability for the repeated color changes more than 20,000 cycles. The device also showed a long optical memory time of up to 19 h to maintain 40% to the initial contrast under the open circuit conditions. It is considered that the stabilization of the Ru(III) state by LBip suppressed the self-coloring to Ru(II) inside the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dines Chandra Santra
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Congrave DG, Drummond BH, Gray V, Bond AD, Rao A, Friend RH, Bronstein H. Suppressing aggregation induced quenching in anthracene based conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an anthracene based conjugated polymer with a solid state PLQY that is effectively unchanged compared to solution measurements, alongside an identical PL 0–0 transition wavelength in solution and thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Gray
- Cavendish Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | | | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Cavendish Laboratory
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Mondal S, Chandra Santra D, Ninomiya Y, Yoshida T, Higuchi M. Dual-Redox System of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers for Visible-to-Near-IR Modulable Electrochromism and Durable Device Fabrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58277-58286. [PMID: 33326234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dual-redox metallo-supramolecular polymers with a zigzag structure (polyFe-N and polyRu-N) were successfully synthesized by 1:1 complexation of a redox-active Fe(II) or Ru(II) ion and 4,4-bis(2,2:6,2-terpyridinyl)phenyl-triphenylamine (LTPA) as a redox-active ligand. The polymers had high solubility in methanol, and the polymer solutions showed dark brown (polyFe-N) or orange-red (polyRu-N) coloration. UV-vis spectra of the polymers displayed a strong metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption in the visible region. Cyclic voltammograms of the polymer films exhibited two pairs of reversible redox waves. The first redox at ∼0.5 V versus Ag/Ag+ was assigned to the redox in the triphenylamine (TPA) moiety of LTPA, and the second redox at 0.8 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyFe-N) or 0.9 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyRu-N) was given to the redox of Fe(II)/(III) or Ru(II)/(III), respectively. Upon applying a positive potential of more than 0.5 V versus Ag/Ag+ to the polymer films, a new absorption at ∼820 nm in the near-infrared (NIR) region appeared with wide tailing to the longer wavelength. It is considered that the new absorption in the NIR region is caused by the polaron band of the oxidized ligand in the polymers. When the applied potential was increased to 1.0 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyFe-N) or 1.1 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyRu-N), the maximum wavelength of the new absorption in the NIR region shifted to 885-900 nm and the absorbance was further enhanced with disappearance of the MLCT absorption. Eventually, the original colors of the polymers were faint to light green. This visible-to-NIR electrochromism was reversible, and maximum optical contrast (ΔT) reached 52% in the visible region and 80% in the NIR region. A prototype solid-state device with the polymer was fabricated for practical utilization, exhibiting excellent cycle stability of >4000 cycles with maintaining high optical contrast from the visible-to-NIR range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dines Chandra Santra
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Zhang C, Tang M, Sun B, Wang W, Yi Y, Zhang FL. A three-step sequence strategy for facile construction of donor–acceptor type molecules: triphenylamine-substituted acenes. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2019-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic strategy was successfully developed for highly efficient construction of triphenylamine-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including anthracenes, tetraphenes, pentaphenes, and trinaphthylene. These molecules exhibited special structural characteristics, including donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) and donor–acceptor (D–A). Diverse aryl iodides coupled well with chlorinated 2-methyl benzaldehydes via a transient ligand-directed C–H bond arylation strategy to furnish various PAH precursors. The subsequent palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-couplings with 4-(diphenylamino)phenylboronic acid produced corresponding triphenylamine derivatives. Further, Brønsted acid promoted cycloaromatization generated the triphenylamine-substituted PAHs readily. The photophysical properties was investigated by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscope together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ming Tang
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yi
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
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Kanazawa K, Uemura S. Electrochromic terpyridine-triphenylamine polymer films with high coloration efficiency in aqueous electrolyte. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Ohmura SD, Yamana K, Ueno M, Miyoshi N. Methoxycarbonyl Group as a Conformational Regulator for The Benzene Ring of Triphenylamines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi D. Ohmura
- Department of Natural ScienceGraduate School of TechnologyIndustrial and Social SciencesTokushima University Minami-josanjima 2–1 Tokushima Japan
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Integrated Arts and SciencesTokushima University Minami-josanjima 1–1 Tokushima Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamana
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Integrated Arts and SciencesTokushima University Minami-josanjima 1–1 Tokushima Japan
| | - Masaharu Ueno
- Department of Natural ScienceGraduate School of TechnologyIndustrial and Social SciencesTokushima University Minami-josanjima 2–1 Tokushima Japan
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Integrated Arts and SciencesTokushima University Minami-josanjima 1–1 Tokushima Japan
| | - Norikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Natural ScienceGraduate School of TechnologyIndustrial and Social SciencesTokushima University Minami-josanjima 2–1 Tokushima Japan
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Integrated Arts and SciencesTokushima University Minami-josanjima 1–1 Tokushima Japan
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Santra DC, Nad S, Malik S. Electrochemical polymerization of triphenylamine end-capped dendron: Electrochromic and electrofluorochromic switching behaviors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Optically transparent polyamides bearing phenoxyl, diphenylamine and fluorene units with high-contrast of electrochromic and electrofluorescent behaviors. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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