Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties

Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.

Crystal structure of 6-chloro-N-methylpyrimidin-4-amine, C5H6ClN3

C5H6ClN3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.8335(2) Å, b = 11.1158(7) Å, c = 15.4294(7) Å, β = 94.901(5)°, V = 655.07(6) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0388, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0960, T = 293 K.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) promoted as an efficient and recyclable reaction medium for the one-pot eco-friendly synthesis of functionalized isoxazole substituted spirooxindole derivatives

An efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthesis of novel isoxazole substituted spirooxindole-pyridopyrimidine/indenopyridine/chromenopyridine/naphthyridine/quinoline derivatives has been developed.