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Skhirtladze L, Bezvikonnyi O, Keruckienė R, Dvylys L, Mahmoudi M, Labanauskas L, Ariffin A, Grazulevicius JV. Derivatives of Pyridazine with Phenoxazine and 9,9-Dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine Donor Moieties Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1294. [PMID: 36770299 PMCID: PMC9919726 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two compounds based on pyridazine as the acceptor core and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine or phenoxazine donor moieties were designed and synthesized by Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. The electronic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the compounds were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), photoluminescence spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The compounds are characterized by high thermal stabilities. Their 5% weight loss temperatures are 314 and 336 °C. Complete weight loss of both pyridazine-based compounds was detected by TGA, indicating sublimation. The derivative of pyridazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine is capable of glass formation. Its glass transition temperature is 80 °C. The geometries and electronic characteristics of the compounds were substantiated using density functional theory (DFT). The compounds exhibited emission from the intramolecular charge transfer state manifested by positive solvatochromism. The emission in the range of 534-609 nm of the toluene solutions of the compounds is thermally activated delayed fluorescence with lifetimes of 93 and 143 ns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levani Skhirtladze
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51369 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Keruckienė
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Dvylys
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Malek Mahmoudi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Linas Labanauskas
- Center for Physical Sciences & Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Juozas V. Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Debnath S, Das T, Parua SP, Rajak KK. Synthesis and characterization of blue-violet emitting iridium(III) complex coordinated via chlorinated ancillary ligand. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1925655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Debnath
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapashi Das
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Parua
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kajal Krishna Rajak
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Cañada LM, Kölling J, Wen Z, Wu JIC, Teets TS. Cyano-Isocyanide Iridium(III) Complexes with Pure Blue Phosphorescence. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6391-6402. [PMID: 33844525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a series of six neutral, blue-phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium complexes of the type Ir(C^Y)2(CNAr)(CN). The cyclometalating ligands in these compounds (C^Y) are either aryl-substituted 1,2,4-triazole or NHC ligands, known to produce complexes with blue phosphorescence. These cyclometalating ligands are paired with π-acidic, strongly σ-donating cyano and aryl isocyanide (CNAr) ancillary ligands, the hypothesis being that these ancillary ligands would destabilize the higher-lying ligand-field (d-d) excited states, allowing efficient blue photoluminescence. The compounds are prepared by substituting the cyanide ancillary ligand onto a chloride precursor and are characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and, for five of the compounds, by X-ray crystallography. Cyclic voltammetry establishes that these compounds have large HOMO-LUMO gaps. The mixed cyano-isocyanide compounds are weakly luminescent in solution, but they phosphoresce with moderate to good efficiency when doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) films, with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates that indicate deep blue emission for five of the six compounds. The photophysical studies show that the photoluminescence quantum yields are greatly enhanced in the cyano complexes relative to the chloride precursors, affirming the benefit of strong-field ancillary ligands in the design of blue-phosphorescent complexes. Density functional theory calculations confirm that this enhancement arises from a significant destabilization of the higher-energy ligand-field states in the cyanide complexes relative to the chloride precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Cañada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Johanna Kölling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Judy I-Chia Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Chen M, Xiao YP, Wang Y, Cheng W, Zhang J, Wang P, Ye SH, Tong BH. Highly efficient solution processed OLEDs based on iridium complexes with steric phenylpyridazine derivative. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Krotkus S, Matulaitis T, Diesing S, Copley G, Archer E, Keum C, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Gather MC, Zysman-Colman E, Samuel IDW. Fast Delayed Emission in New Pyridazine-Based Compounds. Front Chem 2021; 8:572862. [PMID: 33490031 PMCID: PMC7817954 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel donor-acceptor molecules comprising the underexplored pyridazine (Pydz) acceptor moiety have been synthesized and their structural, electrochemical and photophysical properties thoroughly characterized. Combining Pydz with two phenoxazine donor units linked via a phenyl bridge in a meta configuration (dPXZMePydz) leads to high reverse intersystem crossing rate k RISC = 3.9 · 106 s-1 and fast thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with <500 ns delayed emission lifetime. Efficient triplet harvesting via the TADF mechanism is demonstrated in OLEDs using dPXZMePydz as the emitter but does not occur for compounds bearing weaker donor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Krotkus
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Diesing
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Copley
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Archer
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Changmin Keum
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - David B Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Liu S, Zhang X, Ou C, Wang S, Yang X, Zhou X, Mi B, Cao D, Gao Z. Structure-Property Study on Two New D-A Type Materials Comprising Pyridazine Moiety and the OLED Application as Host. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26242-26251. [PMID: 28708373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two new pyridazine based donor-acceptor type materials, i.e., 3CzPyaPy: 9,9'-(3-(6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) and 4CzPyPyaPy: 3,6-bis(2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridin-3-yl)pyridazine, were synthesized with high yields. These two materials exhibited strong absorption/emission with high molar extinction coefficients and moderate photoluminescence quantum yield. The glass transition temperature of 3CzPyaPy was detected to be as high as 131 °C, showing its high thermal stability. Although the absorption energies and oxidation/reduction behaviors of the two materials were similar, the emission from 4CzPyPyaPy with longer effective-conjugation length presented hypsochromic shift both in films and in dilute solutions, contradicting to the common sense. The single crystal structure study disclosed their different space stretching and packing: 3CzPyaPy was twisted in larger angles and adopted dimerlike packing, while 4CzPyPyaPy showed smaller torsion angles and exhibited slipped herringbone packing. The dimerlike packing in 3CzPyaPy is responsible for its bathochromic shift of emission in solid state, while its unsymmetrical molecular structure accounts for that in solution. We believe that the unsymmetrical molecular structure of 3CzPyaPy is partially responsible for its high thermal-stability and also responsible for its HOMO dispersion which renders it slightly more difficult to oxidize. 3CzPyaPy was proved to be a bipolar-transport material and when served as a phosphor host, a green phosphorescent device achieved maximum efficiencies of 54.0 cd A-1, 42.4 lm W-1, and 17.7%, which are among the best with nonoptimized device structure, demonstrating its great potential for optoelectronic application. Furthermore, the new synthesized pyridazine derivatives and the corresponding structural and molecular-packing influences on material properties give a new insight into molecule tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xunlu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) , Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shulei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Baoxiu Mi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
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Wang X, Yang H, Wen Y, Wang L, Li J, Zhang J. Comprehension of the Effect of a Hydroxyl Group in Ancillary Ligand on Phosphorescent Property for Heteroleptic Ir(III) Complexes: A Computational Study Using Quantitative Prediction. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8986-8995. [PMID: 28708408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new Ir(III) complex (dfpypya)2Ir(pic-OH) (2) is theoretically designed by introduction of a simple hydroxyl group into the ancillary ligand on the basis of (dfpypya)2Ir(pic) (1) with the aim to get the high-efficiency and stable blue-emitting phosphors, where dfpypya is 3-methyl-6-(2',4'-difluoro-pyridinato)pyridazine, pic is picolinate, and pic-OH is 3-hydroxypicolinic acid. The other configuration (dfpypya)2Ir(pic-OH)' (3) is also investigated to compare with 2. The difference between 2 and 3 is whether the intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed in the (dfpypya)2Ir(pic-OH). The quantum yield is determined by three different methods including the semiquantitative and quantitative methods. To quantitatively determine the quantum yield is still not an easy task to be completed. This work would provide some useful advices to select the suitable method to reliably evaluate the quantum yield. Complex 2 has larger quantum yield and more stability as compared with 1 and 3. The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond would become a new method to design new phosphor with the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University , Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University , Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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