LuPO4:Yb phosphor with concerted UV and IR thermoluminescent emissions by quantum cutting at high temperatures

Thermoluminescence of LuPO4:0.1%Yb3+ sintered ceramics was investigated and simultaneous infrared 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 and UV-blue (YbCT3+)* → O2- charge transfer emissions of the Yb3+ impurity were observed around 150 °C (423 K) for the first time. Both photons were generated by one excited Yb3+*. LuPO4:Yb3+ was thus proved to be the first system showing the quantum cutting effect in thermoluminescence. Low concentration of the dopant was proved crucial to observe an intense CT emission at so high temperatures. These data revise deeply those reported previously on the thermal quenching of Yb3+ charge transfer luminescence in orthophosphates. In was formerly claimed that CT luminescence of Yb3+ in LuPO4 and similar hosts is quenched below 300 K. Similarly, the thermoluminescent emission of LuPO4:Yb3+ above room temperature was previously reported to appear only in the IR part of the spectrum around 980 nm. Our results fundamentally change this picture and prove that CT luminescence of Yb3+ in orthophosphates appears to be significant even above 150 °C (423 K). We demonstrate the great significance of the activator concentration in its CT luminescence thermal quenching. The Yb3+ impurity ion was found to act both as an electron trap and as a recombination center. Our data open the possibility to generate intense CT luminescence of Yb3+ in orthophosphates at room temperature and above which may make such phosphors rational for applications previously considered unattainable for them.

Modeling and Assessment of Afterglow Decay Curves from Thermally Stimulated Luminescence of Complex Garnets

Afterglow is an important phenomenon in luminescent materials and can be desired (e.g., persistent phosphors) or undesired (e.g., scintillators). Understanding and predicting afterglow is often based on analysis of thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) glow curves, assuming the presence of one or more discrete trap states. Here we present a new approach for the description of the time-dependent afterglow from TSL glow curves using a model with a distribution of trap depths. The method is based on the deconvolution of the energy dependent density of occupied traps derived from TSL glow curves using Tikhonov regularization. To test the validity of this new approach, the procedure is applied to experimental TSL and afterglow data for Lu₁Gd₂Ga₃Al₂O₁₂:Ce ceramics codoped with 40 ppm of Yb³⁺ or Eu³⁺ traps. The experimentally measured afterglow curves are compared with simulations based on models with and without the continuous trap depth distribution. The analysis clearly demonstrates the presence of a distribution of trap depths and shows that the new approach gives a more accurate description of the experimentally observed afterglow. The new method will be especially useful in understanding and reducing undesired afterglow in scintillators.

Synthesis and luminescent properties of uniform monodisperse LuPO4:Eu3+/Tb3+ hollow microspheres

Uniform monodisperse LuPO4:Eu3+/Tb3+ hollow microspheres with diameters of about 2.4 µm have been successfully synthesized by the combination of a facile homogeneous precipitation approach, an ion-exchange process and a calcination process. The possible formation mechanism for the hollow microspheres was presented. Furthermore, the luminescence properties revealed that the LuPO4:Eu3+ and LuPO4:Tb3+ phosphors show strong orange-red and green emissions under ultraviolet excitation, respectively, which endows this material with potential application in many fields, such as light display systems and optoelectronic devices. Since the synthetic process can be carried out at mild conditions, it should be straightforward to scale up the entire process for large-scale production of the LuPO4 hollow microspheres. Furthermore, this general and simple method may be of much significance in the synthesis of many other inorganic materials.