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Li Y, Liu J, Li J, Xiao H, Xu Y, Fan S, Xie Z, Guo M, Yang J, Jing X, Cheng C. Chemical characterization and discovery of novel quality markers in Citrus aurantium L. fruit from traditional cultivation areas in China using GC-MS-based cuticular waxes analysis. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100890. [PMID: 38144759 PMCID: PMC10740023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus aurantium L. fruit is a commonly used Chinese medicine whose therapeutic effects tends to be affected by growing conditions. In order to gain insights into the effects of growing location on the cuticular wax composition of C. aurantium L. fruit, we analyzed the differences in the wax composition of its fruits collected from different regions. The findings showed that the cuticular waxes in the fruit peels were mainly composed of fatty acids, which differed quantitatively in the chemical profiles of C. aurantium L. samples from different geographical conditions. Particularly, the concentrations of linoleic acid and stearic acid in the total component content of the fruit peel were above 1%, with a greater level in the geo-authentic samples. Thus, GC-MS-based wax analysis was first used for the chemical characterization and quantification of cuticular waxes, which could be considered as a rapid way for evaluating the quality of medicinal fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, PR China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Haijing Xiao
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yiyun Xu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Siqing Fan
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhaoqi Xie
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Min Guo
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xue Jing
- Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Chunsong Cheng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Abbas F, Zhou Y, O'Neill Rothenberg D, Alam I, Ke Y, Wang HC. Aroma Components in Horticultural Crops: Chemical Diversity and Usage of Metabolic Engineering for Industrial Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091748. [PMID: 37176806 PMCID: PMC10180852 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce an incredible variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that assist the interactions with their environment, such as attracting pollinating insects and seed dispersers and defense against herbivores, pathogens, and parasites. Furthermore, VOCs have a significant economic impact on crop quality, as well as the beverage, food, perfume, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries. These VOCs are mainly classified as terpenoids, benzenoids/phenylpropanes, and fatty acid derivates. Fruits and vegetables are rich in minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, while aroma compounds play a major role in flavor and quality management of these horticultural commodities. Subtle shifts in aroma compounds can dramatically alter the flavor and texture of fruits and vegetables, altering their consumer appeal. Rapid innovations in -omics techniques have led to the isolation of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of several volatiles, which has aided to our comprehension of the regulatory molecular pathways involved in VOC production. The present review focuses on the significance of aroma volatiles to the flavor and aroma profile of horticultural crops and addresses the industrial applications of plant-derived volatile terpenoids, particularly in food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biofuel industries. Additionally, the methodological constraints and complexities that limit the transition from gene selection to host organisms and from laboratories to practical implementation are discussed, along with metabolic engineering's potential for enhancing terpenoids volatile production at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Intikhab Alam
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- College of Economics and Management, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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3
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Sorochan Armstrong MD, Hinrich JL, de la Mata AP, Harynuk JJ. PARAFAC2×N: Coupled decomposition of multi-modal data with drift in N modes. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1249:340909. [PMID: 36868765 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of GC×GC-TOFMS data for large numbers of poorly-resolved peaks, and for large numbers of samples remains an enduring problem that hinders the widespread application of the technique. For multiple samples, GC×GC-TOFMS data for specific chromatographic regions manifests as a 4th order tensor of I mass spectral acquisitions, J mass channels, K modulations, and L samples. Chromatographic drift is common along both the first-dimension (modulations), and along the second-dimension (mass spectral acquisitions), while drift along the mass channel is for all practical purposes nonexistent. A number of solutions to handling GC×GC-TOFMS data have been proposed: these involve reshaping the data to make it amenable to either 2nd order decomposition techniques based on Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR), or 3rd order decomposition techniques such as Parallel Factor Analysis 2 (PARAFAC2). PARAFAC2 has been utilised to model chromatographic drift along one mode, which has enabled its use for robust decomposition of multiple GC-MS experiments. Although extensible, it is not straightforward to implement a PARAFAC2 model that accounts for drift along multiple modes. In this submission, we demonstrate a new approach and a general theory for modelling data with drift along multiple modes, for applications in multidimensional chromatography with multivariate detection. The proposed model captures over 99.9% of variance for a synthetic data set, presenting an extreme example of peak drift and co-elution across two modes of separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesper Løve Hinrich
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Copenhagen, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - A Paulina de la Mata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - James J Harynuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada.
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4
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Ahmad F, Nadeem H. Mass Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool to Harness the Production of Secondary Plant Metabolites: The Way Forward for Drug Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:77-103. [PMID: 36301472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular map of diverse biological molecules linked with structure, function, signaling, and regulation within a cell can be elucidated using an analytically demanding omic approach. The latest trend of using "metabolomics" technologies has explained the natural phenomenon of opening a new avenue to understand and enhance bioactive compounds' production. Examination of sequenced plant genomes has revealed that a considerable portion of these encodes genes of secondary metabolism. In addition to genetic and molecular tools developed in the current era, the ever-increasing knowledge about plant metabolism's biochemistry has initiated an approach for wisely designed, more productive genetic engineering of plant secondary metabolism for improved defense systems and enhanced biosynthesis of beneficial metabolites. Secondary plant metabolites are natural products synthesized by plants that are not directly involved with their average growth and development but play a vital role in plant defense mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites are classified into four major classes: terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds. More than 200,000 secondary metabolites are synthesized by plants having a unique and complex structure. Secondary plant metabolites are well characterized and quantified by omics approaches and therefore used by humans in different sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, chemical industries, and biofuel. The aim is to establish metabolomics as a comprehensive and dynamic model of diverse biological molecules for biomarkers and drug discovery. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate the role of metabolomic technology, precisely liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, specifically as a research tool in the production and identification of novel bioactive compounds for drug discovery and to obtain a unified insight of secondary metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Hera Nadeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fadilah NQ, Jittmittraphap A, Leaungwutiwong P, Pripdeevech P, Dhanushka D, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Virucidal Activity of Essential Oils From Citrus x aurantium L. Against Influenza A Virus H1N1:Limonene as a Potential Household Disinfectant Against Virus. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211072713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explored the compositions of a crude extract of peels of Citrus x aurantium using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The crude extract of peels of C. × aurantium was analyzed by GC-MS revealing the presence of limonene as the major compound, accounting for 93.7% of the total. Virucidal activity of the oil of C. x aurantium peels against influenza A virus H1N1 was evaluated by the ASTM E1053-20 method. Moreover, the virucidal activity was also investigated of D-limonene, the major terpene in essential oils of C. x aurantium, and its enantiomer L-limonene. The essential oil of the C. x aurantium peels produced a log reduction of 1.9 to 2.0, accounting for 99% reduction of the virus, while D- and L-limonene exhibited virucidal activity with a log reduction of 3.70 to 4.32 at concentrations of 125 and 250.0 µg/mL, thus reducing the virus by 99.99%. Previous work found that D-limonene exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, but L-limonene, an enantiomer of D-limonene, has never been reported for antiviral activity. This work demonstrates the antiviral activity of L-limonene for the first time. Moreover, this work suggests that concentrations of 0.0125% to 0.025% of either D- or L-limonene can possibly be used as a disinfectant against viruses, probably in the form of essential oil sprays, which may be useful disinfectants against the airborne transmission of viruses, such as influenza and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Q. Fadilah
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Darshana Dhanushka
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Description of Ventricular Arrhythmia after Taking Herbal Medicines in Middle-Aged Couples. Case Rep Cardiol 2020; 2020:6061958. [PMID: 33062339 PMCID: PMC7547334 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6061958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs and some derivatives have been used in the treatment of heart disease which is rarely responsible for ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) increases the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, only a few reports are available about the cardiac ventricular arrhythmia followed by taking herbal medicines. We present two patients (a couple) without a history of heart disease who referred to the hospital with ventricular arrhythmia.
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7
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Muhire J, Li BQ, Zhai HL, Wang X, Xu ML. A fast chemometrics approach to quantitative analysis of metformin hydrochloride, enalapril maleate, and captopril in tablets based on HPLC-PAD spectra. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Muhire
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bao Qiong Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hong Lin Zhai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Min Li Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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8
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Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lachancea thermotolerans co-inoculation on volatile profile in fermentations of a must with a high sugar content. Food Chem 2019; 276:427-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Multivariate curve resolution-correlation optimized warping applied to the complex GC-MS signals; toward comparative study of peel chemical variability of Citrus aurantium L. varieties. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Ríos-Reina R, Morales ML, García-González DL, Amigo JM, Callejón RM. Sampling methods for the study of volatile profile of PDO wine vinegars. A comparison using multivariate data analysis. Food Res Int 2017; 105:880-896. [PMID: 29433285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-quality wine vinegars have been registered in Spain under protected designation of origin (PDO): "Vinagre de Jerez", "Vinagre de Condado de Huelva" and "Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles". The raw material, production and aging processes determine their quality and their aromatic composition. Vinegar volatile profile is usually analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), being necessary a previous extraction step. Thus, three different sampling methods (Headspace solid phase microextraction "HS-SPME", Headspace stir bar sorptive extraction "HSSE" and Dynamic headspace extraction "DHS") were studied for the analysis of the volatile composition of Spanish PDO wine vinegars. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was used to solve chromatographic problems, improving the results obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that not all the sampling methods were equally suitable for the characterization and differentiation between PDOs and categories, being HSSE the technique that made able the best vinegar characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ríos-Reina
- Dpto. de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González n°2, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M Lourdes Morales
- Dpto. de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González n°2, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diego L García-González
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus University Pab4lo de Olavide - Building 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 E-, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Amigo
- Chemometric Analytical Technologies, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg CDK-1958, Denmark; Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Callejón
- Dpto. de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González n°2, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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11
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Improving Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Essential Oils by Multivariate Curve Resolution: Full Identification of Co-eluting Compounds of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Fu X, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Dong F, Mei X, Liao Y, Watanabe N, Yang Z. Analytical method for metabolites involved in biosynthesis of plant volatile compounds. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00766c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress in the successful techniques used for studying metabolites involved in the metabolic routes of plant volatiles is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Fu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Fang Dong
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College
- Guangzhou 510520
- China
| | - Xin Mei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Naoharu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Shizuoka University
- Hamamatsu 432-8561
- Japan
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
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