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You N, Zhang C, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Fu P, Liu M, Zhao Q, Cui Z, Pang X. Facile Fabrication of Size-Tunable Core/Shell Ferroelectric/Polymeric Nanoparticles with Tailorable Dielectric Properties via Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Driven by Visible Light. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1869. [PMID: 30755621 PMCID: PMC6372659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An unconventional but facile approach to prepare size-tunable core/shell ferroelectric/polymeric nanoparticles with uniform distribution is achieved by metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) driven by visible light under ambient temperature based on novel hyperbranched aromatic polyamides (HBPA) as a functional matrix. Cubic BaTiO3/HBPA nanocomposites can be prepared by in-situ polycondensation process with precursors (barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP)) of ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanocrystals, because precursors can be selectively loaded into the domain containing the benzimidazole rings. At 1200 °C, the aromatic polyamide coating of cubic BaTiO3 nanoparticles are carbonized to form carbon layer in the inert environment, which prevents regular nanoparticles from gathering. In addition, cubic BaTiO3 nanoparticles are simultaneously transformed into tetragonal BaTiO3 nanocrystals after high temperature calcination (1200 °C). The outer carbon shell of tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles is removed via 500 °C calcination in air. Bi-functional ligand can modify the surface of tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles. PMMA polymeric chains are growing from the initiating sites of ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanocrystal surface via the metal-free ATRP technique to obtain core/shell ferroelectric BaTiO3/PMMA hybrid nanoparticles. Changing the molar ratio between benzimidazole ring units and precursors can tune the size of ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles in the process of polycondensation, and the thickness of polymeric shell can be tailored by changing the white LED irradiation time in the organocatalyzed ATRP process. The dielectric properties of core/shell BaTiO3/PMMA hybrid nanoparticles can be also tuned by adjusting the dimension of BaTiO3 core and the molecular weight of PMMA shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yachao Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Minying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of CPCIF, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Wang X, You N, Lan F, Fu P, Cui Z, Pang X, Liu M, Zhao Q. Facile synthesis of size-tunable superparamagnetic/polymeric core/shell nanoparticles by metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization at ambient temperature. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26290b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Size-tunable superparamagnetic/polymeric core/shell nanoparticles with uniform distribution was fabricated based on metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Ning You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Fuqiang Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Zhe Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Minying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Qingxiang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
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