1
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Sharma P, Mann MK, Bhargava G. Oxa-Michael Addition Reactions of 3-hydroxy-2-azetidinones: Synthesis of
1, 3, 4-Trisubstituted-2-Azetidinones. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210610155744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The manuscript describes a facile and an efficient methodology for the synthesis of 1, 3,
4 trisubstituted-β-lactams by base mediated oxa-Michael addition reactions of 3-hydroxy-2-
azetidinones with acetylenic esters under different reaction conditions. These functionalized 1, 3,
4-trisubstituted-azetidin-2-ones are useful organic synthons for the synthesis of various heterocyclic
compounds having diverse pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab. 144 603, India
| | - Maninderjeet Kaur Mann
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab. 144 603, India
| | - Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab. 144 603, India
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2
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Singh VN, Sharma S. Stereoselective synthesis and characterization of monocyclic
cis‐
β‐lactams containing 5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiol moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vedeshwar N. Singh
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Patna Patna India
| | - Sitaram Sharma
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Patna Patna India
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3
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Alves NG, Alves AJS, Soares MIL, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Spiro‐β‐Lactams and Spiro‐δ‐Lactams. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G. Alves
- University of Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Department of Chemistry 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Américo J. S. Alves
- University of Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Department of Chemistry 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria I. L. Soares
- University of Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Department of Chemistry 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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4
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Singh VN, Sharma S. The facile and efficient synthesis of novel monocyclic cis-β-lactam conjugates with a 1-methyl-1 H-imidazole-2-thiol nucleus. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a facile and efficient synthesis of novel monocyclic cis-β-lactam conjugates with a 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-thiol nucleus through a ketene-imine [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of acyl chloride and different Schiff bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedeshwar Narayan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Ashok Rajpath, Patna-800005, Bihar, India
| | - Sitaram Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Ashok Rajpath, Patna-800005, Bihar, India
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5
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Bhargava G, Mann MK, Naikoo RA. 3-Butadienyl- β-lactams: A useful synthon for functionalized heterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1813778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Maninderjeet K. Mann
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Rayees Ahmad Naikoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
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6
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Anticancer activity and evaluation of apoptotic genes expression of 2-azetidinones containing anthraquinone moiety. Mol Divers 2020; 25:2429-2439. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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da Silveira Pinto LS, Vasconcelos TRA, Gomes CRB, de Souza MVN. A Brief Review on the Development of Novel Potentially Active Azetidin-2-ones Against Cancer. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200303115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) and its derivatives are an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant. Efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. The present review aimed to highlight some recent discoveries (2013-2019) on the development of novel azetidin-2-one-based compounds as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia S. da Silveira Pinto
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica. Outeiro de Sao Joao Batista, s/no, Centro, Niteroi, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thatyana R. Alves Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica. Outeiro de Sao Joao Batista, s/no, Centro, Niteroi, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina B. Gomes
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Farmanguinhos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius N. de Souza
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Farmanguinhos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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8
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Mohamadzadeh M, Zarei M, Vessal M. Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico molecular docking studies of novel β-lactam-anthraquinone hybrids. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103515. [PMID: 31884134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases from 2-aminoanthraquinone have been prepared by reaction with aldehydes and used to prepare novel β-lactam-anthraquinone hybrids via [2+2] ketene-imine cycloaddition (Staudinger reaction) reaction. In vitro antibacterial studies of all synthesized compound were carried out against three gram-positive strains Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin-resistant strain), Enterococcus faecium (Vancomycin-resistant strain) and Bacillus subtilis, and two gram-negative strains Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These compounds were further evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Hybrid compounds showed moderate to excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities. Surprisingly, among the tested compounds, some of them revealed equal antibacterial and antifungal properties and even better than standards. In addition, results demonstrated that the new hybrids are very promising antibacterial agents against resistant strains. Also molecular docking studies were carried out by Autodoc software. Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PDB ID: 1VQQ) from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain used as a target which good binding interactions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maaroof Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 71961, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Vessal
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Abstract
The β-lactams constitute a well-known class of compounds having tremendous biological significance. Besides being a motif of biological interest, they serve as versatile synthons in organic chemistry. In fact, their easy accessibility in the laboratory by several methods combined with inherent reactivity of the β -lactam ring due to ring-strain places it among the most sought for substrate in the arsenal of synthetic organic chemists. Several chemical reagents, heat, and light promote its ring-opening, ring-expansions and rearrangement reactions yielding a wide variety of biologically relevant nitrogen-containing acyclic and heterocyclic compounds. In recent years, the reactivity of differently functionalized β-lactam rings towards diverse kinds of reagents has been investigated. These investigations exploit selective bond cleavage of the β-lactam nucleus via N1-C2, C3- C4, C2-C3 or N1-C4 bond cleavage using simple reagents. The reduction of amide carbonyl group, thionation, and pyrolysis/photolysis have also been explored. These investigations have led to the discovery of many easy synthetic methods for biologically important classes of compounds such as β-amino acids, β-amino esters, amino sugars, amino alcohols, peptides, azetidines, and other heterocyclic compounds. This article discusses the advances made in the studies on the reactivity of β- lactam ring during the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japheth O. Ombito
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, P. Bag: 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Girija S. Singh
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, P. Bag: 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
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10
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Jonek M, Buhl H, Leibold M, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Evaluation of benzthiazolidine-based formamidinium salts for the synthesis of penem-type β-lactams by uncatalysed carbonylation of acyclic diaminocarbenes. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The reaction of [iPr2N=CHCl]Cl with 2-phenylbenzthiazolidine (Ph-BtzH) and subsequent anion metathesis afforded the formamidinium salt [(Ph-Btz)CH(NiPr2)][PF6] ([1aH][PF6]). The reaction of [1aH][PF6] with (Me3Si)2NNa in the presence of grey selenium furnished the selenourea derivative 1aSe as trapping product of the acyclic diaminocarbene 1a. In the absence of selenium, a 2H-1,4-benzothiazine derivative (2) was obtained, which is an isomer of 1a, whose formation is plausibly initiated by deprotonation of [1aH]+ not at the cationic N2CH unit, but at the neighbouring PhCH position. CO was ineffective as trapping reagent for 1a. [1aH][PF6], 1aSe and 2 have been structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Jonek
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 , 34132 Kassel , Germany
| | - Hannes Buhl
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 , 34132 Kassel , Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 , 34132 Kassel , Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 , 34132 Kassel , Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 , 34132 Kassel , Germany , Fax: +49 561 804 4777
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11
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Kumar Y, Bedi PMS, Singh P, Adeniyi AA, Singh-Pillay A, Singh P, Bhargava G. [2+2] Cycloadditions of Sorbyl Tosylate with Imines/1-Azadienes: A One-Pot Domino Approach forα-Alkylidene-β-lactams and Their Computational Studies and Antimicrobial Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala; Punjab-144603 India
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology; Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University, 06800; Turkey
| | | | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar-143005 India
| | - Adebayo A. Adeniyi
- Pharmacy Department; University of KwaZulu Natal; Westville Campus, Durban; Chemistry Department; University of Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State; Nigeria
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville; Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville; Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences; I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala; Punjab-144603 India
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12
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Brown DP, Saklani P, Luo J. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sulfonamide-β-Lactam Conjugates. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
| | - Pooja Saklani
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
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13
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Nisha, Sharma MC, Kumar R, Kumar Y. Regioselective Copper(I)-Catalyzed Ullmann Amination of Halopyridyl Carboxylates using Sodium Azide: A Route for Aminopyridyl Carboxylates and their Transformation to Pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Physical Sciences; SGT University; Gurugram Haryana-122505 India
| | - Mr. Chetan Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences; IKG Punjab Technical University; Kapurthala Punjab-144603 India
| | - Rupesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; IKG Punjab Technical University; Kapurthala Punjab-144603 India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; IKG Punjab Technical University; Kapurthala Punjab-144603 India
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
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14
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Martínez del Campo T, Naranjo T. Gold-catalyzed preparation of annelated 2-azetidinones via divergent heterocyclization of enyne-tethered oxazolidines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The divergent and selective syntheses of two types of annelated β-lactams, namely, furan- and tetrahydropyridine-fused 2-azetidinones, have been accomplished directly from 2-azetidinone-tethered oxazolidine-enynes through gold catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Alcaide
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- IQOG-CSIC
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Teresa Martínez del Campo
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Teresa Naranjo
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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15
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Conversion of γ- and δ-Keto Esters into Optically Active Lactams. Transaminases in Cascade Processes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Li X, Row KH. Application of novel ternary deep eutectic solvents as a functional monomer in molecularly imprinted polymers for purification of levofloxacin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:56-63. [PMID: 29031109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of ecofriendly ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different molar ratios were prepared as candidate functional monomers. Three of the optimal ternary DESs as functional monomers were applied to the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). After synthesis, the proposed polymers were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). These MIPs based on ternary DESs with different molar ratios exhibited different absorption capacities of levofloxacin. A sample of levofloxacin (500ng) was dissolved in a millet extractive (10mL). All MIPs were used as SPE adsorbents to purify the extracts. According to characterization result, the ternary DES-3 (1:3:1.5) was joined in the synthetic process of MIP-1. The green ternary DES-3-based MIPs had the best selectivity recovery for levofloxacin (91.4%) from the millet extractive. The best selectivity of MIP-1 was attributed to the novel monomer (ternary DES) in the preparation of the materials. Overall, ternary DES-based MIPs have potential applications as media in many research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Nisha, Bhargava G, Kumar Y. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Amination of N
-Pyridyl Imines Using Azidotrimethylsilane and TBHP: A One-Pot, Domino Approach to Substituted Imidazo[4, 5-b]pyridines. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Physical Sciences; SGT University; Gurugram Haryana-122505 India
| | - Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences; IKG Punjab Technical University; Kapurthala Punjab-144603 India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; IKG Punjab Technical University; Kapurthala Punjab-144603 India
- Sphaerapharma Pvt. Ltd.; Manesar, Haryana India-122051 India
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18
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Separation of Polysaccharides by SEC Utilizing Deep Eutectic Solvent Modified Mesoporous Siliceous Materials. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Li X, Row KH. Purification of antibiotics from the millet extract using hybrid molecularly imprinted polymers based on deep eutectic solvents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are potential ecofriendly surfactants for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Korea
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20
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Piens N, Van Hecke K, Vogt D, D'hooghe M. Cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed carbonylation of functionalized aziridines to versatile β-lactam building blocks. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4816-4821. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aziridine to azetidin-2-one carbonylation as a convenient entry to pyrrolidines,C-fused bi- and tricyclic β-lactams and monocyclic carbapenem analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Piens
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Dieter Vogt
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
- UK
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
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