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He ZH, Huang YY, Ji GF, Chen J, Wu Q. The Structure Properties of Carbon Materials Formed in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Detonation: A Theoretical Insight for Nucleation of Diamond-like Carbon. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12568. [PMID: 37628750 PMCID: PMC10454052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and properties of nano-carbon materials formed in explosives detonation are always a challenge, not only for the designing and manufacturing of these materials but also for clearly understanding the detonation performance of explosives. Herein, we study the dynamic evolution process of condensed-phase carbon involved in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) detonation using the quantum-based molecular dynamics method. Various carbon structures such as, graphene-like, diamond-like, and "diaphite", are obtained under different pressures. The transition from a C sp2- to a sp3-hybrid, driven by the conversion of a hexatomic to a non-hexatomic ring, is detected under high pressure. A tightly bound nucleation mechanism for diamond-like carbon dominated by a graphene-like carbon layer is uncovered. The graphene-like layer is readily constructed at the early stage, which would connect with surrounding carbon atoms or fragments to form the tetrahedral structure, with a high fraction of sp3-hybridized carbon. After that, the deformed carbon layers further coalesce with each other by bonding between carbon atoms within the five-member ring, to form the diamond-like nucleus. The complex "diaphite" configuration is detected during the diamond-like carbon nucleation, which illustrates that the nucleation and growth of detonation nano-diamond would accompany the intergrowth of graphene-like layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hua He
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
| | - Yao-Yao Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
| | - Guang-Fu Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
| | - Jun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
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Wang J, Sun X, Gao C, Xu Z, Mai D, Dai R, Wang Z, Li H, Zhang Z. Pressure-Modulated Dissolution Behavior of LLM-105 Crystals in High-Temperature Water. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24654-24662. [PMID: 37457462 PMCID: PMC10339438 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the microstructural evolution and reaction kinetics of energetic materials with high-temperature and high-pressure water contributes to the understanding of their microscopic physicochemical origin, which can provide critical experimental data for the use of energetic materials. As a promising high-energy and insensitive energetic material, LLM-105 has been investigated under extreme conditions such as high pressure and high temperature. However, little information is available about the effect of water on LLM-105 under high pressure and high temperature. In this work, the interaction between LLM-105 and water under HP-HT was investigated in detail. As a result, the dissolving behavior of LLM-105 in water under high pressure and high temperature is related to the initial pressure. When the initial pressure is less than 1 GPa, LLM-105 crystals are dissolved in high-temperature water; when the initial pressure is above 1 GPa, LLM-105 particles are only decomposed in high-temperature water. When the solution is saturated at a high temperature, recrystallization of the LLM-105 sample appears in the solution. High pressure hindered the dissolution process of the sample in HP-HT water because the interaction between the solute and the solvent was weakened by high pressure. The initial pressure is one of the significant parameters that determines whether LLM-105 crystals can be dissolved in high-temperature water. More importantly, water under high pressure and high temperature can not only act as a solvent when dissolving the samples but also act as a catalyst to accelerate the decomposition process. In addition, the HP-HT water reduced the decomposition temperature of the LLM-105 crystal to a large extent. The research in this paper not only provides insights into the interaction between LLM-105 and water but also contributes to the performance of energetic materials under extreme conditions and their practical applications in complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chan Gao
- College
of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University
of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Zilong Xu
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Di Mai
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Rucheng Dai
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China
| | - Zengming Zhang
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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Huang YY, He ZH, Ji GF. Reaction mechanism and kinetics properties of β-HMX under different thermodynamics States: A theoretical study for thermal decomposition. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anisotropic Reaction Properties for Different HMX/HTPB Composites: A Theoretical Study of Shock Decomposition. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092787. [PMID: 35566138 PMCID: PMC9102234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) consisting of explosive grains and a polymer binder are commonly synthesized to improve mechanical properties and reduce sensitivity, but their intrinsic chemical behaviors while subjected to stress are not sufficiently understood yet. Here, we construct three composites of β-HMX bonded with the HTPB binder to investigate the reaction characteristics under shock loading using the quantum-based molecular dynamics method. Six typical interactions between HMX and HTPB molecules are detected when the system is subjected to pressure. Although the initial electron structure is modified by the impurity states from HTPB, the metallization process for HMX does not significantly change. The shock decompositions of HMX/HTPB along the (100) and (010) surface are initiated by molecular ring dissociation and hydrogen transfer. The initial oxidations of C and H within HTPB possess advantages. As for the (001) surface, the dissociation is started with alkyl dehydrogenation oxidation, and a stronger hydrogen transfer from HTPB to HMX is detected during the following process. Furthermore, considerable fragment aggregation is observed, which mainly derives from the formation of new C-C and C-N bonds under high pressure. The effect of cluster evolution on the progression of the following reaction is further studied by analyzing the bonded structure and displacement rate.
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Rice BM, Mattson WD, Larentzos JP, Byrd EFC. Heuristics for chemical species identification in dense systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy M. Rice
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - William D. Mattson
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - James P. Larentzos
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
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He ZH, Yu Y, Huang YY, Chen J, Wu Q. Reaction kinetic properties of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene: a DFTB study of thermal decomposition. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
C–NH2bond breakage and N–N bond formation are the rate-controlling steps for TATB thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hua He
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Yi Yu
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation
- Beijing 100088
- China
| | - Yao-Yao Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics
- Beijing 100088
- China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology
| | - Qiang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
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He ZH, Chen J, Wu Q, Ji GF. Dynamic evolutions of electron properties: A theoretical study for condensed-phase β-HMX under shock loading. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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