1
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Feng S, Su R. Synthetic Chemistry in Flow: From Photolysis & Homogeneous Photocatalysis to Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400064. [PMID: 38608169 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic synthesis of value-added chemicals has gained increasing attention in recent years owing to its versatility in driving many important reactions under ambient conditions. Selective hydrogenation, oxidation, coupling, and halogenation with a high conversion of the reactants have been realized using designed photocatalysts in batch reactors with small volumes at a laboratory scale; however, scaling-up remains a critical challenge due to inefficient utilization of incident light and active sites of the photocatalysts, resulting in poor catalytic performance that hinders its practical applications. Flow systems are considered one of the solutions for practical applications of light-driven reactions and have experienced great success in photolytic and homogeneous photocatalysis, yet their applications in heterogeneous photocatalysis are still under development. In this perspective, we have summarized recent progress in photolytic and photocatalytic synthetic chemistry performed in flow systems from the view of reactor design with a special focus on heterogeneous photocatalysis. The advantages and limitations of different flow systems, as well as some practical considerations of design strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Feng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Ren Su
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
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2
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Liu H, Sun R, Yang Y, Zhang C, Zhao G, Zhang K, Liang L, Huang X. Review on Microreactors for Photo-Electrocatalysis Artificial Photosynthesis Regeneration of Coenzymes. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:789. [PMID: 38930759 PMCID: PMC11205774 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, with the outbreak of the global energy crisis, renewable solar energy has become a focal point of research. However, the utilization efficiency of natural photosynthesis (NPS) is only about 1%. Inspired by NPS, artificial photosynthesis (APS) was developed and utilized in applications such as the regeneration of coenzymes. APS for coenzyme regeneration can overcome the problem of high energy consumption in comparison to electrocatalytic methods. Microreactors represent a promising technology. Compared with the conventional system, it has the advantages of a large specific surface area, the fast diffusion of small molecules, and high efficiency. Introducing microreactors can lead to more efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly coenzyme regeneration in artificial photosynthesis. This review begins with a brief introduction of APS and microreactors, and then summarizes research on traditional electrocatalytic coenzyme regeneration, as well as photocatalytic and photo-electrocatalysis coenzyme regeneration by APS, all based on microreactors, and compares them with the corresponding conventional system. Finally, it looks forward to the promising prospects of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Rui Sun
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Biosemiconductors, Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiashan 314102, China;
| | - Yujing Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chuanhao Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gaozhen Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
| | - Lijuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
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3
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Huang Z, Wang L, Yang C, Chen J, Zhao G, Huang X. A versatile optofluidic microreactor for artificial photosynthesis induced coenzyme regeneration and L-glutamate synthesis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2878-2885. [PMID: 35838372 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern society, the energy crisis has become a global concern. Solar energy is a good replacement because it is green, unlimited and environment-friendly. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, artificial photosynthesis was developed to convert solar energy to chemical energy by a photocatalyst system. For better utilizing solar energy and improving the conversion efficiency, the design of photoreactors is crucial for the improvement of photocatalysis efficiency. However, most of the reported microreactors hardly satisfy the demands for low cost, easy fabrication, high transparency, being evaporation-proof, ease of scaling up, high surface-to-volume ratio, and photocatalyst immobilization. In this paper, we developed a facile method to build a fully immobilized microreactor (FIM) and a controllable partially immobilized microreactor (PIM), both of which satisfy all the demands mentioned above. In the FIM, the regeneration rate of a coenzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH) reached 82.20% in 40 min. Considering the NADH regeneration rate per unit/coating angle of photocatalysts in circular microreactors, the PIM performed much better than the FIM, proving that our partial coating method is a significant and useful improvement. Also, the bioactivity of NADH toward enzyme catalysis was demonstrated by glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed synthesis of L-glutamate, and the conversion of α-ketoglutarate reached 99.92%. To test the practicality of the microreactor in a real environment, we performed a test under solar light, achieving a good result of 74.92% in 60 min. Thus, this efficient and versatile microfluidic platform may have good potential for photocatalytic synthesis of versatile valuable products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China.
| | - Chonghui Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China.
| | - Jiaci Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China.
| | - Gaozhen Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China.
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China.
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4
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Wang L, Huang Z, Yang X, Rogée L, Huang X, Zhang X, Lau SP. Review on optofluidic microreactors for photocatalysis. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Four interrelated issues have been arising with the development of modern industry, namely environmental pollution, the energy crisis, the greenhouse effect and the global food crisis. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods to solve them in the future. To promote high photocatalytic reaction efficiency and utilize solar energy to its fullest, a well-designed photoreactor is vital. Photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors, a promising technology that brings the merits of microfluidics to photocatalysis, offer the advantages of a large surface-to-volume ratio, a short molecular diffusion length and high reaction efficiency, providing a potential method for mitigating the aforementioned crises in the future. Although various photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors have been reported, a comprehensive review of microreactors applied to these four fields is still lacking. In this paper, we review the typical design and development of photocatalytic microreactors in the fields of water purification, water splitting, CO2 fixation and coenzyme regeneration in the past few years. As the most promising tool for solar energy utilization, we believe that the increasing innovation of photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors will drive rapid development of related fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Lukas Rogée
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
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5
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Wang Y, Jin Y, Wang Z, Xiao G, Su H. A Light‐Dark Cascade Procedure for the Regeneration of NADH using Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiang Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Life Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Yu Jin
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Life Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Zishuai Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Life Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Life Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Life Science and Technology No. 15 North 3rd Ring, RD East, Chaoyang District 100029 Beijing CHINA
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6
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Lin H, Liu Y, Yang C, Zhao G, Song J, Zhang T, Huang X. Microfluidic artificial photosynthetic system for continuous NADH regeneration and l-glutamate synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00466f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis coenzyme regeneration and photoenzymatic synthesis of l-glutamate by glutamate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Chonghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Gaozhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Jiaao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Taiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
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7
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Zhu Y, Chen Q, Tsoi CC, Huang X, El Abed A, Ren K, Leu SY, Zhang X. Biomimetic reusable microfluidic reactors with physically immobilized RuBisCO for glucose precursor production. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reusable RuBisCO-immobilized microfluidic reactors are used to synthesize the glucose precursor from CO2 and restore >95% of activity after refreshing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qingming Chen
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China
| | - Chi Chung Tsoi
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Abdel El Abed
- Laboratoire Lumière Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), Institut d'Alembert, ENS Paris Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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8
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Grosu E, Girardon J, Carja G, Froidevaux R. NADH Regeneration Promoted by Solar Light Using Gold Nanoparticles/Layered Double Hydroxides as Novel Photocatalytic Nanoplatforms. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena‐Florentina Grosu
- EA7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette UMR Transfrontalière 1158 BioEcoAgro Univ. Lille INRAE Univ. Liège UPJV JUNIA Univ. Artois Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale ICV-Institut Charles Viollette F-59000 Lille France
- Department of Chemical Engineering Gheorghe Asachi Technical University Bul. Profesor Dimitrie Mangeron 73 Iasi 700554 Romania
| | - Jean‐Sébastien Girardon
- UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lille University CNRS Centrale Lille ENSCL Artois University Avenue Paul Langevin 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Gabriela Carja
- Department of Chemical Engineering Gheorghe Asachi Technical University Bul. Profesor Dimitrie Mangeron 73 Iasi 700554 Romania
| | - Renato Froidevaux
- EA7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette UMR Transfrontalière 1158 BioEcoAgro Univ. Lille INRAE Univ. Liège UPJV JUNIA Univ. Artois Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale ICV-Institut Charles Viollette F-59000 Lille France
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9
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Singh P, Yadav RK, Kumar K, Lee Y, Gupta AK, Kumar K, Yadav BC, Singh SN, Dwivedi DK, Nam SH, Singh AP, Kim TW. Eosin-Y and sulfur-codoped g-C3N4 composite for photocatalytic applications: the regeneration of NADH/NADPH and the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The successful development of eosin-Y and sulfur-codoped g-C3N4 composite as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the regeneration of NADH/NADPH (64.38%/81.14%) and the light-driven oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide with an yield of 99.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P, 273010, India
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P, 273010, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P, 273010, India
| | - Yubin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishek K. Gupta
- Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P, 273010, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University of Lucknow, U.P, 226025, India
| | - B. C. Yadav
- Department of Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University of Lucknow, U.P, 226025, India
| | - S. N. Singh
- Department of Humanities and Management Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P, 273010, India
| | - D. K. Dwivedi
- Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P, 273010, India
| | - Sang-Ho Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
- Spectrochemical Analysis Center for Organic & Inorganic Materials and Natural Products, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Atul P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
- Spectrochemical Analysis Center for Organic & Inorganic Materials and Natural Products, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
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10
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Saba T, Li J, Burnett JWH, Howe RF, Kechagiopoulos PN, Wang X. NADH Regeneration: A Case Study of Pt-Catalyzed NAD+ Reduction with H2. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Saba
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Jianwei Li
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland United Kingdom
- Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph W. H. Burnett
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Russell F. Howe
- Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis N. Kechagiopoulos
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland United Kingdom
- Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
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11
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Paper-based Photocatalysts Immobilization without Coffee Ring Effect for Photocatalytic Water Purification. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030244. [PMID: 32111056 PMCID: PMC7143163 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water purification is important for the degradation of organic pollutants, attracting intensive interests. Photocatalysts are preferred to be immobilized on a substrate in order to reduce the laborious separation and recycling steps. To get uniform irradiation, the photocatalysts are preferred to be even/uniform on the substrate without aggregation. Generally, the "coffee ring effect" occurs on the substrate during solvent evaporation, unfortunately resulting in the aggregation of the photocatalysts. This aggregation inevitably blocks the exposure of active sites, reactant exchange, and light absorption. Here, we reported a paper-based photocatalyst immobilization method to solve the "coffee ring" problem. We also used a "drop reactor" to achieve good photocatalytic efficiency with the advantages of large surface area, short diffusion lengths, simple operation, and uniform light absorption. Compared with the coffee ring type, the paper-based method showed higher water purification efficiency, indicating its potential application value in the future.
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12
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Saba T, Burnett JW, Li J, Wang X, Anderson JA, Kechagiopoulos PN, Wang X. Assessing the environmental performance of NADH regeneration methods: A cleaner process using recyclable Pt/Fe3O4 and hydrogen. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Saba T, Burnett JWH, Li J, Kechagiopoulos PN, Wang X. A facile analytical method for reliable selectivity examination in cofactor NADH regeneration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1231-1234. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a novel method to quantify selective (1,4-NADH) and unselective products (1,2- and 1,6-NADH) in NADH regeneration using combined UV-Vis spectroscopy and biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Saba
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB24 3UE
- UK
| | - Joseph W. H. Burnett
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB24 3UE
- UK
| | - Jianwei Li
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB24 3UE
- UK
| | | | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB24 3UE
- UK
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14
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Continuous artificial synthesis of glucose precursor using enzyme-immobilized microfluidic reactors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4049. [PMID: 31492867 PMCID: PMC6731257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Food production in green crops is severely limited by low activity and poor specificity of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in natural photosynthesis (NPS). This work presents a scientific solution to overcome this problem by immobilizing RuBisCO into a microfluidic reactor, which demonstrates a continuous production of glucose precursor at 13.8 μmol g−1 RuBisCO min−1 from CO2 and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. Experiments show that the RuBisCO immobilization significantly enhances enzyme stabilities (7.2 folds in storage stability, 6.7 folds in thermal stability), and also improves the reusability (90.4% activity retained after 5 cycles of reuse and 78.5% after 10 cycles). This work mimics the NPS pathway with scalable microreactors for continuous synthesis of glucose precursor using very small amount of RuBisCO. Although still far from industrial production, this work demonstrates artificial synthesis of basic food materials by replicating the light-independent reactions of NPS, which may hold the key to food crisis relief and future space colonization. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is a difficult enzyme to work with. Here, the authors covalently immobilized it in a microfluidic reactor to enhance its storage/thermal stabilities and reusability, which enabled the continuous artificial synthesis of glucose precursor.
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15
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Wu C, Zhang Z, Pan Q, Hu F, Wang R, Li P, Huang X, Li Z. Fully Conjugated Two‐Dimensional sp
2
‐Carbon Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Photosystem I with High Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5376-5381. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Qingyan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Wu C, Zhang Z, Pan Q, Hu F, Wang R, Li P, Huang X, Li Z. Fully Conjugated Two‐Dimensional sp
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‐Carbon Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Photosystem I with High Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Qingyan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentCollege of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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17
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Pan Q, Liu H, Zhao Y, Chen S, Xue B, Kan X, Huang X, Liu J, Li Z. Preparation of N-Graphdiyne Nanosheets at Liquid/Liquid Interface for Photocatalytic NADH Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2740-2744. [PMID: 29644848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) N-graphdiyne (N-GDY) nanosheets containing different number of N were synthesized by polymerization of triazine, pyrazine, and pyridine-based monomers at liquid/liquid interface. The configurations and nanostructures of N-GDY were well-characterized. The wettability changed to more hydrophilic as the N contents increased. The collected N-GDY was further employed as metal-free photocatalyst for NADH regeneration. The catalytic performance was related with the N content in the graphdiyne. The N3-GDY demonstrated the best activity. This strategy provided a new promising platform of designing unique 2D N-GDY with tunable performance in biorelated catalysis.
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19
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Zuo Y, Zhu X, Shi Y, Liang L, Yang Y. Light Manipulation in Inhomogeneous Liquid Flow and Its Application in Biochemical Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9040163. [PMID: 30424097 PMCID: PMC6187708 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light manipulation has always been the fundamental subject in the field of optics since centuries ago. Traditional optical devices are usually designed using glasses and other materials, such as semiconductors and metals. Optofluidics is the combination of microfluidics and optics, which brings a host of new advantages to conventional solid systems. The capabilities of light manipulation and biochemical sensing are inherent alongside the emergence of optofluidics. This new research area promotes advancements in optics, biology, and chemistry. The development of fast, accurate, low-cost, and small-sized biochemical micro-sensors is an urgent demand for real-time monitoring. However, the fluid flow in the on-chip sensor is usually non-uniformed, which is a new and emerging challenge for the accuracy of optical detection. It is significant to reveal the principle of light propagation in an inhomogeneous liquid flow and the interaction between biochemical samples and light in flowing liquids. In this review, we summarize the current state of optofluidic lab-on-a-chip techniques from the perspective of light modulation by the unique dynamic properties of fluid in heterogeneous media, such as diffusion, heat transfer, and centrifugation etc. Furthermore, this review introduces several novel photonic phenomena in an inhomogeneous liquid flow and demonstrates their application in biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zuo
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yang Shi
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Li Liang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Huang X, Wang J, Li T, Wang J, Xu M, Yu W, El Abed A, Zhang X. Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:30-41. [PMID: 29379698 PMCID: PMC5769083 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis (APS) mimics natural photosynthesis (NPS) to store solar energy in chemical compounds for applications such as water splitting, CO2 fixation and coenzyme regeneration. NPS is naturally an optofluidic system since the cells (typical size 10 to 100 µm) of green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria enable light capture, biochemical and enzymatic reactions and the related material transport in a microscale, aqueous environment. The long history of evolution has equipped NPS with the remarkable merits of a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, fast small molecule diffusion and precise control of mass transfer. APS is expected to share many of the same advantages of NPS and could even provide more functionality if optofluidic technology is introduced. Recently, many studies have reported on optofluidic APS systems, but there is still a lack of an in-depth review. This article will start with a brief introduction of the physical mechanisms and will then review recent progresses in water splitting, CO2 fixation and coenzyme regeneration in optofluidic APS systems, followed by discussions on pending problems for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Tenghao Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Min Xu
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Weixing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Abdel El Abed
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Rapid Screening of Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Photocatalytic Cofactor Regeneration Using a Drop Reactor. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189803 DOI: 10.3390/mi8060175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is the imitation of natural photosynthesis, which promises an efficient way to use solar energy to synthesize organic matters, in which the key step is the coenzyme regeneration (NADH/NADPH). To achieve an efficient regeneration rate, various photocatalysts have been developed, such as g-C3N4 and mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4). Generally, efficiency determination of different photocatalysts requires laborious experiments, high consumption of reagents, and a considerable amount of time. Here, based on the one-step artificial photosystem I method, we processed the analytical experiment in a very simple PDMS well (20 μL, a drop) to achieve a rapid screening of photocatalysts. For comparison, we used two types of graphitic carbon nitrides, few-layer g-C3N4 and mpg-C3N4. Compared with the slurry systems, firstly, the regeneration rate of mpg-C3N4 drop-reactor system is 4.3 times and 7.1 times those of the few-layer g-C3N4-slurry system and mpg-C3N4-slurry system, respectively. Secondly, this one-drop method reduces the typical verification time from 90 min to 5 min and lowers the liquid volume from 20 mL to 20 μL. Thirdly, this operation is a pump-free and soft lithography technique-free process. The miniaturization of the photocatalytic reaction in the PDMS well improves the regeneration rates, saves samples, and achieves high-throughput screening of multiple photocatalysts.
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Product Selectivity in Homogeneous Artificial Photosynthesis Using [(bpy)Rh(Cp*)X]n+-Based Catalysts. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited amount of fossil energy carriers, the storage of solar energy in chemical bonds using artificial photosynthesis has been under intensive investigation within the last decades. As the understanding of the underlying working principle of these complex systems continuously grows, more focus will be placed on a catalyst design for highly selective product formation. Recent reports have shown that multifunctional photocatalysts can operate with high chemoselectivity, forming different catalysis products under appropriate reaction conditions. Within this context [(bpy)Rh(Cp*)X]n+-based catalysts are highly relevant examples for a detailed understanding of product selectivity in artificial photosynthesis since the identification of a number of possible reaction intermediates has already been achieved.
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