1
|
Chen Y, Yang Y, Pan Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Pan Y, Yan J, Zhang H. Detection of trace components in Xiangdan injection of Dalbergia odorifera based on microextraction and back-extraction along with bar-form-diagram strategy. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464852. [PMID: 38581974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Xiangdan Injection are commonly used traditional Chinese medicine formulations for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the trace components of Dalbergia odorifera in Xiangdan Injection pose a challenge for evaluating its quality due to the difficulty of detection. This study proposes a technology combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and back-extraction (DLLME-BE) along with Bar-Form-Diagram (BFD) to address this issue. The proposed combination method involves vortex-mixing tetradecane, which has a lower density than water, with the sample solution to facilitate the transfer of the target components. Subsequently, a new vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction step is performed to enrich the components of Dalbergia odorifera in acetonitrile. The sample analysis was performed on HPLC-DAD, and a clear overview of the chemical composition was obtained by integrating spectral and chromatographic information using BFD. The combination of BFD and CRITIC-TOPSIS strategies was used to optimize the process parameters of DLLME-BE. The determined optimal sample pre-treatment process parameters were as follows: 200 μL extraction solvent, 60 s extraction time, 50 μL back-extraction solvent, and 90 s back-extraction time. Based on the above strategy, a total of 29 trace components, including trans-nerolidol, were detected in the Xiangdan Injection. This combination technology provides valuable guidance for the enrichment analysis of trace components in traditional Chinese medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yingfeng Pan
- Zhejiang Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixia Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta N, Thakur RS, Patel DK. Detection, quantification and degradation kinetic for five benzodiazepines using VAUS-ME-SFO/LC-MS/MS method for water, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Talanta 2023; 260:124572. [PMID: 37121139 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines can make victims more docile, they are frequently used in drug-facilitated crimes, such as robberies and sexual assaults. Therefore, it is essential to develop techniques for determining whether these chemicals are present in relation with illegal activity is crucial. Therefore, to determine the presence of five benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, and oxazepam) in water, alcoholic beverages, and non-alcoholic beverages, a simple and direct, miniaturized, and effective vortex assisted ultrasound based microextraction using solidification of floating organic droplets (VAUS-ME-SFO) in combination with LC-MS/MS was developed. 1-Undecanol and acetonitrile, respectively, served as the extractant and disperser solvents. Many other parameters affect the efficiency of the developed analytical procedure VAUS-ME-SFO/LC-MS/MS. These parameters were optimized using Plackett Burman Design and Central Composite Design to obtain reliable results. The optimum conditions for the extraction were: 10.0 mL of sample; 180 μL acetonitrile, as a dispersive solvent; 200 μL of 1-undecanol, as an extraction solvent; pH 7; 105 s of vortex agitation; 120 s of ultrasonication application and 3 min of centrifugation at 7000 rpm. The benzodiazepines were separated by a chromatographic separation technique carried out by a UPLC system consisting of a binary mobile phase. The solvent system comprises of 0.1% Formic acid in Milli-Q (Solvent A) and 0.1% Formic acid in ACN (Solvent B) with a gradient flow of 3.5 min total analysis time. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was studied in the range of 0.124-7.810 ng mL-1. The regression correlation coefficient (R2) value of all targeted analytes ranges from 0.993 to 0.999. The LOD and LOQ of VAUS-ME-SFO methods using LC-MS/MS analysis range from 0.316 to 0.968 ng mL-1 and 1.055-3.277 ng mL-1 respectively. The repeatability within a day varied from 0.6 to 3.5%, and the reproducibility across days varied from 2.2 to 6.3%. The recoveries ranges for water, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages from 70.77 to 114.53%, 63.20-102.21% and 66.23-113.28% respectively. Further, the degradation kinetics was studied to establish the half-life of each targeted analyte in the matrix undertaken in the study. The water samples were classified based on their BDZs residues. This implies that the more health care and anthropogenic activity, the more the BDZs residue will be in water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang YX, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Liu YJ, Ren A, Zhou Y, Shi D, Feng XS. Benzodiazepines in complex biological matrices: Recent updates on pretreatment and detection methods. J Pharm Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
|
4
|
Cellulose paper sorptive extraction (CPSE): A simple and affordable microextraction method for analysis of basic drugs in blood as a proof of concept. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123551. [PMID: 36459855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming towards simplifying sample preparation procedure, the present work explores use of unmodified laboratory filter paper as sorbent for extraction of nine basic drugs (five antidepressants, four benzodiazepines, and ketamine) from human blood samples and their analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The procedure termed as cellulose paper sorptive extraction (CPSE) is straightforward. It involves adsorption of target analytes from deproteinized diluted blood samples on the unmodified cellulose paper followed by elution into 2 mL of methanol. Multivariate optimization, consisting of Placket-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD), was used to screen and optimize significant factors for CPSE. The proposed method follows the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC), as the unmodified filter paper used as the sorbent is inexpensive and biodegradable. The technique is easy to perform and requires only 2 mL of MeOH during the entire extraction procedure. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection and quantification for the target analytes were estimated to be in the range of 0.003-0.035 and 0.010-0.117 µg mL-1, respectively. In contrast, the relative standard deviations were consistently below 10 %. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.015-2 µg mL-1 with a coefficient of determination (R2) in the range of 0.995-0.999.Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 87 to 99 % was achieved. As proof of concept, the analysis of nine drugs in blood samples from the patients was performed to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahbar N, Ahmadi F, Ramezani Z, Nourani M. Calcium/Copper Alginate Framework Doped with CuO Nanoparticles as a Novel Adsorbent for Micro-extraction of Benzodiazepines from Human Serum. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666200210150914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sample preparation is one of the most challenging phases in pharmaceutical
analysis, especially in biological matrices, affecting the whole analytical methodology.
Objective:
In this study, a new Ca(II)/Cu(II)/alginate/CuO Nanoparticles Hydrogel Fiber (CCACHF)
was synthesized through a simple, green procedure and applied for fiber micro solid-phase extraction
(FMSPE) of diazepam (DIZ) and oxazepam (OXZ) as model drugs prior to high-performance liquid
chromatography-UV detection (HPLC-UV).
Methods:
Composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized and the effect of
main parameters on the fiber fabrication and extraction efficiency have been studied and optimized.
Results:
In optimal conditions, calibration curves were linear, ranging between 0.1–500 μg L−1 with
regression coefficients of 0.9938 and 0.9968. Limit of Detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and Limit of Quantification
(LOQ) (S/N=10) of the technique for DIZ and OXZ were 0.03 to 0.1 μg L−1. Within-day and
between-day Relative Standard Deviations (RSDs) for DIZ and OXZ were 6.0–12.5% and 3.3–9.4%,
respectively.
Conclusion:
The fabricated adsorbent has been substantially employed to the extraction of selected
benzo-diazepines (BZDs) from human serum real specimens and the obtained recoveries were also
satisfactory (82.1-109.7%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| | - Zahra Ramezani
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nourani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghambarian M, Tajabadi F, Yamini Y, Behbahani M, Sobhi HR, Esrafili A. An efficient sample preparation method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction associated with back extraction for trace determination of acidic pharmaceuticals. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
8
|
|