1
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Larina OV, Kyriienko PI, Morozov OV, Obushenko TI, Tolstopalova NM, Soloviev SO. Influence of Modification of Zn-Mg(Zr)Si Oxide Systems by Sodium and Potassium on their Catalytic Properties in the Process of Obtaining 1,3-Butadiene from Ethanol. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-022-09714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Kyriienko PI, Larina OV, Balakin DY, Vorokhta M, Khalakhan I, Sergiienko SA, Soloviev SO, Orlyk SM. The effect of lanthanum in Cu/La(-Zr)-Si oxide catalysts for aqueous ethanol conversion into 1,3-butadiene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Wang J, Zhang X, Chen L, Lu X, Xia Q, Zhou D. A nucleation-tuned mechanism to prepare centre-crossed zeolite lamellas by the rotating/static switch crystallization strategy. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01394g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Controllable synthesis of zeolite lamellas with different morphology and property by tuning the nucleation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xinlan Zhang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xinhuan Lu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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4
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Guyot M, Daurat C, Vuillet-A-Ciles V, Pontille L, Le Porcher B, Chiriac R, Toche F, Chassagneux F, Toury B, Bois L. Foam Silica Films Synthesized by Calcium Chloride-Assisted Emulsification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4540-4549. [PMID: 33830769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of porous films with an accessible high specific surface area is important for designing new adsorbents, sensors, or catalyst supports. Here, we describe a simple method to prepare a silica foam coating using a calcium chloride-assisted evaporation-induced emulsification method. An alcoholic silica sol containing calcium chloride and a poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer is deposited on a substrate by dipping. The evaporation of the alcohol induces a phase separation between the silica-rich phase and the calcium-rich one. The size of the droplets increases via a coalescence process until the gelation of the sol, which determines the final pore size between 100 nm and 3 μm. Thermal analysis and monitoring of droplet evaporation confirm that the departure of the solvent is delayed by the presence of calcium chloride in the sol. The influence of the nature of the polymer on the porosity is discussed. The use of a block copolymer such as the Pluronic F-127, which strongly stabilizes the emulsion, allows to reach a low pore size (400 nm), while on the contrary, we propose to use a short poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) such as PEG-400, which weakly stabilizes it, leading to larger pores (2-3 μm). Furthermore, we show that the addition of a zirconium salt (ZrOCl2·8H2O) to the silica sol accelerates the condensation step of the silica and leads to the decrease in the pore size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Guyot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Daurat
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Victor Vuillet-A-Ciles
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurie Pontille
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bastien Le Porcher
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rodica Chiriac
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Toche
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fernand Chassagneux
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bérangère Toury
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Bois
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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5
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Shinke Y, Miyazawa T, Hiza M, Nakamura I, Fujitani T. High-throughput development of highly active catalyst system to convert bioethanol to 1,3-butadiene. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of highly active catalysts for the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene using high-throughput catalyst preparation and evaluation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shinke
- Research Association of High-Throughput Design and Development for Advanced Functional Materials (ADMAT)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Advanced Materials Innovation Team, Research & Development Center
- The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd
| | - Tomohisa Miyazawa
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Misao Hiza
- Advanced Materials Innovation Team, Research & Development Center
- The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd
- Hiratsuka
- Japan
| | - Isao Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tadahiro Fujitani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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6
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Bin Samsudin I, Zhang H, Jaenicke S, Chuah GK. Recent Advances in Catalysts for the Conversion of Ethanol to Butadiene. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4199-4214. [PMID: 33073524 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Butadiene is an important monomer for synthetic rubbers. Currently, the annual demand of ∼16 million tonnes is satisfied by butadiene produced as a byproduct of steam naphtha cracking where ethylene and propylene are the main products. The availability of large amounts of shale gas and condensates in the USA since about 2008 has led to a change in the cracker feed from naphtha to ethane and propane, affecting the amount of butadiene obtained. This has provided the impetus to look into direct processes for butadiene production. One option is the eco-friendly conversion of (bio) ethanol to butadiene (ETB). This process had been developed in the 1930s in the then Soviet Union. It was operated on a large scale in USA during World War II but has since been abandoned in favour of petroleum-based processes. The current trend, driven both by the availability of the raw material and ecological considerations, may make this process feasible again, particularly if the catalytic systems can be improved. This critical review discusses recent catalysts for the ETB process with special focus on the development since 2014, benchmarking them against earlier systems with a large database of operational experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bin Samsudin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Gaik-Khuan Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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7
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Kyriienko PI, Larina OV, Soloviev SO, Orlyk SM. Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol Into 1,3-Butadiene: Achievements and Prospects: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-020-09654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Szabó B, Novodárszki G, Pászti Z, Domján A, Valyon J, Hancsók J, Barthos R. MgO−SiO
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Catalysts for the Ethanol to Butadiene Reaction: The Effect of Lewis Acid Promoters. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Szabó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Gyula Novodárszki
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pászti
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Attila Domján
- NMR Laboratory Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - József Valyon
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Jenő Hancsók
- Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Pannonia Egyetem utca 10 Veszprém 8201 Hungary
| | - Róbert Barthos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest 1117 Hungary
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9
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Conversion of ethanol to butadiene over mesoporous In2O3-promoted MgO-SiO2 catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Pomalaza G, Arango Ponton P, Capron M, Dumeignil F. Ethanol-to-butadiene: the reaction and its catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of ethanol is a promising technology for producing sustainable butadiene. This paper reviews the reaction and its catalysts, and discusses the challenges their development faces.
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11
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Yang G, Wang L, Jiang H. Zr-Incorporating SBA-15 for conversion of the ethanol–acetaldehyde mixture to butadiene. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zr incorporation into SBA-15 enhanced the BD yield due to Zr–O–Si bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Lingtao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Haoxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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12
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Miyazawa T, Tanabe Y, Nakamura I, Shinke Y, Hiza M, Choe YK, Fujitani T. Fundamental roles of ZnO and ZrO 2 in the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene over ZnO–ZrO 2/SiO 2. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ZnO and ZrO2 sites in the ZnO–ZrO2/SiO2 catalyst act cooperatively to catalyze different steps of the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Miyazawa
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanabe
- Research Association of High-Throughput Design and Development for Advanced Functional Materials (ADMAT)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Advanced Materials Innovation Team
- R&D Center
| | - Isao Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yu Shinke
- Research Association of High-Throughput Design and Development for Advanced Functional Materials (ADMAT)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Advanced Materials Innovation Team
- R&D Center
| | - Misao Hiza
- Advanced Materials Innovation Team
- R&D Center
- The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd
- Hiratsuka
- Japan
| | - Yoong-Kee Choe
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tadahiro Fujitani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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13
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Effect of the Composition of Ethanol–Water Mixtures on the Properties of Oxide (Zn-Zr-Si) and Zeolitic (Ta/SiBEA) Catalysts in the Production of 1,3-Butadiene. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-019-09618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Chagas LH, Zonetti PC, Matheus CRV, Rabello CRK, Alves OC, Appel LG. The Role of the Oxygen Vacancies in the Synthesis of 1, 3‐Butadiene from Ethanol. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano H. Chagas
- Instituto Nacional de TecnologiaDivisão de Catálise e Processos Químicos Av Venezuela 82, sala 518, Saúde Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
| | - Priscila C. Zonetti
- Instituto Nacional de TecnologiaDivisão de Catálise e Processos Químicos Av Venezuela 82, sala 518, Saúde Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
| | - Caio R. V. Matheus
- Instituto Nacional de TecnologiaDivisão de Catálise e Processos Químicos Av Venezuela 82, sala 518, Saúde Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Escola de Química, Centro de TecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149 Bloco E, sala 201 Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 Brazil
| | - Carlos R. K. Rabello
- Cidade UniversitáriaPETROBRAS-CENPES Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-915 Brazil
| | - Odivaldo C. Alves
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Campus Valonguinho, R. São João Batista 2-188, Centro Niterói, RJ 24020-007 Brazil
| | - Lucia G. Appel
- Instituto Nacional de TecnologiaDivisão de Catálise e Processos Químicos Av Venezuela 82, sala 518, Saúde Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
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15
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Larina OV, Remezovskyi IM, Kyriienko PI, Soloviev SO, Orlyk SM. 1,3-Butadiene production from ethanol–water mixtures over Zn–La–Zr–Si oxide catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Grim RG, To AT, Farberow CA, Hensley JE, Ruddy DA, Schaidle JA. Growing the Bioeconomy through Catalysis: A Review of Recent Advancements in the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Syngas-Derived Oxygenates. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gary Grim
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anh T. To
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Carrie A. Farberow
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jesse E. Hensley
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniel A. Ruddy
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joshua A. Schaidle
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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17
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Larina OV, Kyriienko PI, Balakin DY, Vorokhta M, Khalakhan I, Nychiporuk YM, Matolín V, Soloviev SO, Orlyk SM. Effect of ZnO on acid–base properties and catalytic performances of ZnO/ZrO2–SiO2 catalysts in 1,3-butadiene production from ethanol–water mixture. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00991d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ZnO and the preparation method of ZnO/ZrO2–SiO2 catalysts on their acid–base properties and catalytic performances in the conversion of diluted ethanol mixtures into 1,3-butadiene (BD) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Larina
- L.V.Pisarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Pavlo I. Kyriienko
- L.V.Pisarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Yu. Balakin
- Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Vorokhta
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- 18000 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Khalakhan
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- 18000 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Yurii M. Nychiporuk
- Institute of Surface Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine
- 03164 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Vladimír Matolín
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- 18000 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Sergiy O. Soloviev
- L.V.Pisarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Svitlana M. Orlyk
- L.V.Pisarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
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18
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Zhang M, Tan X, Zhang T, Han Z, Jiang H. The deactivation of a ZnO doped ZrO2–SiO2catalyst in the conversion of ethanol/acetaldehyde to 1,3-butadiene. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34069-34077. [PMID: 35548838 PMCID: PMC9086731 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A deactivation study on the ethanol/acetaldehyde conversion to 1,3-butadiene over a ZnO promoted ZrO2–SiO2 catalyst prepared by a sol–gel method was performed. The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), X-ray powder diffraction characterization (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), Fourier transform infrared resonance (FT-IR), 13C magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The pore structure characteristics and surface acidity of Zn0.5–Zr–Si catalysts were largely decreased with time-on-stream and no crystal structure was formed in the used catalyst, indicating that the deactivation was caused by carbon deposition. Two main types of carbon deposition were formed, namely low-temperature carbon deposition with the oxidation temperature of around 400 °C and high-temperature carbon deposition with the oxidation temperature of 526 °C. The carbon species were mainly composed of graphitized carbon, amorphous carbon, carbon in C–O bonds and carbonyls. The deactivated catalyst could be regenerated by a simple oxidation process in air. Adding a certain amount of water into the feed had a positive effect on reducing the carbon deposition. Deactivation study on the ethanol/acetaldehyde conversion to 1,3-butadiene over a ZnO–ZrO2–SiO2 catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xuechao Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Zheng Han
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Haoxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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