1
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Sun Y, Ma S, Wang H, Wang H, Gao M, Wang X. Construction of an "ON-OFF" fluoroprobe using ionic liquids-modified orange peel-based carbon quantum dots for selective/sensitive permanganate assay in waters and the underlying quenching mechanisms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04768-7. [PMID: 37286905 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we fabricated blue-fluorescence carbon quantum dots modified by ionic liquids (ILs-CQDs) with a quantum yield of 18.13% by employing orange peel as a carbon source and [BMIM][H2PO4] as a dopant. The fluorescence intensities (FIs) of ILs-CQDs were significantly quenched upon the addition of MnO4- with excellent selectivity and sensitivity in waters, and this phenomenon provided a feasibility for constructing a sensitive "ON-OFF" fluoroprobe. The prominent overlapping between the maximum excitation/emission of ILs-CQDs and the UV-Vis absorption of MnO4- implied an inner filter effect (IFE). The higher Kq value demonstrated that the fluorescence-quenching phenomenon was a static-quenching process (SQE). Coordination between MnO4- and oxygen/amino-rich groups in ILs-CQDs resulted in the alteration of zeta potential in the fluorescence system. Consequently, the interactions between MnO4- and ILs-CQDs belong to a joint mechanism of IFE and SQE. When plotting the FIs of ILs-CQDs vs. the concentrations of MnO4-, a satisfactorily linear correlation was obtained across the range of 0.3-100 μM with a detectable limit of 0.09 μM. This fluoroprobe was successfully applied to detect MnO4- in environmental waters with satisfactory recoveries of 98.05-103.75% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.57-2.68%. Also, it gave more excellent performance metrics as compared to the Chinese standard indirect iodometry method and other previous approaches for MnO4- assay. Overall, these findings offer a new avenue to engineer/develop a highly efficient fluoroprobe based on the combination of ILs and biomass-derived CQDs for the rapid/sensitive detection of metal ions in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Su Ma
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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2
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Facile and sustainable synthesis of sodium lignosulfonate derived carbon quantum dots for the detection of total Mn and ascorbic acid. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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3
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Wang P, Wang J, Liu T, Sun Z, Gao M, Huang K, Wang X. Loquat fruit-based carbon quantum dots as an “ON-OFF” probe for fluorescent assay of MnO4- in waters based on the joint action of inner filter effect and static quenching. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Wang H, Mu W, Liu Y, Lu Y, Qiu Y, Ma Q. An innovative study on the "on-off-on" detection of sulfur ions based on a TSPP-riboflavin fluorescent probe. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5871-5877. [PMID: 35424537 PMCID: PMC8982097 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08986b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, 5,10,15,20-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) was synthesized by a facile route and used as a fluorescent probe to construct a sensor system based on the high water solubility and high quantum yield. It was found that when riboflavin (RF) was introduced into the TSPP solution, the fluorescence intensity of TSPP decreased for the peaks at 645 nm and 700 nm based on the principle of the electrostatic attractions and hydrophobic interactions between TSPP and riboflavin. When the fluorescence emission peak of riboflavin appeared at 550 nm, the fluorescence sensor system changed from the "on" state to the "off" state. When sulfur ions (S2-) were further introduced into the TSPP-riboflavin system, the fluorescence intensity of riboflavin was further decreased based on the specific reaction between S2- and riboflavin. However, the fluorescence signal of TSPP was restored and the fluorescence sensing system changed from the "off" state to the "on" state. Therefore, TSPP was used as a fluorescent probe to construct an "on-off-on" fluorescent sensing system, the linear range of S2- detected by this system is 5.0 × 10-9 to 3.6 × 10-5 M, and the detection limit (LOD) is 1.1 × 10-9 M. The sensing system has higher accuracy and sensitivity, and it can be successfully used in the sensing of S2- in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University China
| | - Wencheng Mu
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Yinchuan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ningxia China
| | - Yongchang Lu
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University China
| | - Yuang Qiu
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University China
| | - Qin Ma
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University China
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5
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Shi B, Chai Y, Qin P, Zhao XX, Li W, Zhang YM, Wei TB, Lin Q, Yao H, Qu WJ. Detection of aliphatic aldehydes by a pillar[5]arene-based fluorescent supramolecular polymer with vaporchromic behavior. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101421. [PMID: 35037734 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The detection of volatile aliphatic aldehydes is of significance because of their chemical toxicity, physical volatility and widespread applications in chemical industrial processes. In this work, the direct detection of aliphatic aldehydes is tackled using a fluorescent supramolecular polymer with vaporchromic behavior which is contructed by pillar[5]arene-based host-guest intereactions. Thin films with strong orange-yellow fluorescence are prepared by coating the linear supramolecular polymer on glass sheets. When the thin films are exposed to aliphatic aldehydes with different carbon chain lengths, they can selectivly sensing n -butyraldehyde ( C 4 ) and caprylicaldehyde ( C 8 ), accompanied by fluorescence quenching, indicating that the supramolecular polymer is a highly selective vapochromic response material for aliphatic aldehydes with long alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Shi
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, 967 Anning East Road, 730070, Lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Yongping Chai
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Peng Qin
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Xing-Xing Zhao
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Weichun Li
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Qi Lin
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Hong Yao
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Wen-Juan Qu
- Northwest Normal University, college of chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
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6
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Qiu CQ, Li LQ, Yao SL, Liu SJ, Xu H, Zheng TF. Two benzothiadiazole-based compounds as multifunctional fluorescent sensors for detection of organic amines and anions. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Naik VM, Gunjal DB, Gore AH, Anbhule PV, Sohn D, Bhosale SV, Kolekar GB. Nitrogen-doped carbon dot threads as a "turn-off" fluorescent probe for permanganate ions and its hydrogel hybrid as a naked eye sensor for gold(III) ions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2993-3003. [PMID: 32146500 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dot (NCD) threads were synthesized via simple pyrolysis of citric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and ammonia. The NCDs show excitation-independent behavior with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 350 nm and 435 nm, respectively. The developed probe was used as a turn-off fluorescent sensor for the selective and sensitive determination of permanganate ions in aqueous media. The probe's hydrogel hybrid displayed a beautiful purple color demonstrating its potential as a naked eye sensor for gold detection. The ratiometric sensor exhibited excellent selectivity towards permanganate ions over 27 other ions with a linear range of 510 nM to 2 μM, a detection limit of 170 nM, and a linear regression value (R2) of 0.9944. Similarly, the linear range and limit of detection for gold ions was 3.89-20 μM and 1.285 μM, respectively. The synthesized NCDs were also used as a fluorescent ink as well as a naked eye marker in association with a gold solution demonstrating its potential forensic and anti-counterfeiting applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav M Naik
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416004, India
| | - Datta B Gunjal
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416004, India
| | - Anil H Gore
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416004, India.,Department of Chemistry, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | - Prashant V Anbhule
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416004, India
| | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | | | - Govind B Kolekar
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416004, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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8
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Wu Y, Liu D, Lin M, Qian J. Zinc(ii)-based coordination polymer encapsulated Tb 3+ as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor for Ru 3+, Fe 3+, CrO 4 2-, Cr 2O 7 2- and MnO 4. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6022-6029. [PMID: 35497449 PMCID: PMC9049217 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A zinc(ii)-based coordination polymer (CP), namely [Zn(modbc)2] n (Zn-CP) (modbc = 2-methyl-6-oxygen-1,6-dihydro-3,4'-bipyridine-5-carbonitrile), has been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal structural determination reveals that Zn-CP is a two-dimensional framework structure with tetranuclear homometallic Zn4(modbc)4 units cross-linked by modbc. The excellent luminescence as well as good stability of Zn-CP do not enable it to have selective sensing capability for different ions. After encapsulation of Tb3+ in Zn-CP, the as-obtained fluorescent functionalized Tb3+@Zn-CP maintained excellent luminescence as well as stability, which made it a highly selective and sensitive multiresponsive luminescent sensor for Ru3+, Fe3+, CrO4 2-, Cr2O7 2-, and MnO4 - with high sensitivity, good anti-interference performance, and quick response time (∼10 s). The detection limits are 0.27 μM, 0.57 μM, 0.10 μM, 0.43 μM and 0.15 μM, respectively. A possible sensing mechanism was discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Meihua Lin
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Ministry of Education Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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9
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Chatterjee S, Qin J, Li X, Liang F, Rai DK, Yang YW. Safranin O-functionalized cuboid mesoporous silica material for fluorescent sensing and adsorption of permanganate. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2238-2249. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new safranin O-based chelating fluorophore coupled, dual-functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid material has been prepared for simultaneous MnO4− detection and adsorption in aqueous media and living organisms such as limnodrilus claparedianus and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Chatterjee
- College of Chemistry and College of Plant Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
| | - Jianchun Qin
- College of Chemistry and College of Plant Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xiangshuai Li
- College of Chemistry and College of Plant Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- China
| | - Dhirendra K. Rai
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry and College of Plant Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
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10
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Qian J, Sun MM, Liu M, Gu W. Macromolecular Probe Based on a Ni II/Tb III Coordination Polymer for Sensitive Recognition of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and MnO 4. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11949-11959. [PMID: 31460306 PMCID: PMC6682116 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reported here are the design and fluorescence characters of a NiII/TbIII polymer, [Tb2Ni3(HCAM)6(H2O)12] n (1) (H3CAM = chelidamic acid). Under physiological conditions, the binding of biocompatible water soluble 1 to human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by spectroscopy techniques, which revealed that 1 could inherent the fluorescent light of HSA in a static quencher course and change the HSA second-level structure. The marked enhancement in 1 and its fluorescence intensity provide conclusive evidence that 1 can play the role of a "turn-on" sensor for recognition and detection of HSA in other biological interferents with a K sv value of 7.68 × 104 M-1 and a detection limit of 0.14 μM. Luminescence experiments show that 1 has high selectivity and sensitivity to MnO4 - in other anions. Its quenching efficiency (K sv) is 5.54 × 103 M-1, and the detection limit is 0.29 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Structure and Performance
for Functional Molecules and Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid
Functional Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
- E-mail: (J.Q.)
| | - Mei-Mei Sun
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Structure and Performance
for Functional Molecules and Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid
Functional Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Structure and Performance
for Functional Molecules and Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid
Functional Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gu
- College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300371, P. R. China
- E-mail: (W.G.)
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11
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Chen K, Jiang Y, Sun W. Water‐Stable Coordination Polymers as Dual Fluorescent Sensors for Highly Oxidizing Anions Cr
2
O
7
2−
and MnO
4
−. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3620-3626. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Du Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryCoordination Chemistry InstituteSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryCoordination Chemistry InstituteSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Fei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryCoordination Chemistry InstituteSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Yin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryCoordination Chemistry InstituteSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing National Laboratory of MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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12
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Liu H, Rong J, Shen G, Song Y, Gu W, Liu X. A fluorescent probe for sequential sensing of MnO4− and Cr2O72− ions in aqueous medium based on a UCNS/TMB nanosystem. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4168-4175. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00360f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Distinguishable and sequential detection of MnO4− and Cr2O72− was realized by the reactions above and IFE between UCNS and oxTMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
| | - Jianing Rong
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Guoqiong Shen
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yao Song
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
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13
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A new “on-off-on” fluorescent sensor for cascade recognition of Hg2+ and S2− ion in aqueous medium. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Wang L, Tian Y, Ding L, Zhao B, He X, Song B, Liu S. Benzimidazole derivative fluorescent probe for cascade recognition of phosphate and iron ions in aqueous medium and its logic gate behavior. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent probe based on benzimidazole was synthesized, and its cascade recognition of PO43− and Fe3+ ions was investigated using spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- P. R. China
| | - Limin Ding
- Cadre Ward
- Qiqihaer First Hospital
- Qiqihar 161005
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- P. R. China
| | - Xianyou He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- P. R. China
| | - Shifu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- P. R. China
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