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Singh AN, Meena A, Nam KW. Gels in Motion: Recent Advancements in Energy Applications. Gels 2024; 10:122. [PMID: 38391452 PMCID: PMC10888500 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gels are attracting materials for energy storage technologies. The strategic development of hydrogels with enhanced physicochemical properties, such as superior mechanical strength, flexibility, and charge transport capabilities, introduces novel prospects for advancing next-generation batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Through a refined comprehension of gelation chemistry, researchers have achieved notable progress in fabricating hydrogels endowed with stimuli-responsive, self-healing, and highly stretchable characteristics. This mini-review delineates the integration of hydrogels into batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors, showcasing compelling instances that underscore the versatility of hydrogels, including tailorable architectures, conductive nanostructures, 3D frameworks, and multifunctionalities. The ongoing application of creative and combinatorial approaches in functional hydrogel design is poised to yield materials with immense potential within the domain of energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Narayan Singh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishek Meena
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Nam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Center for Next Generation Energy and Electronic Materials, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hahn L, Zorn T, Kehrein J, Kielholz T, Ziegler AL, Forster S, Sochor B, Lisitsyna ES, Durandin NA, Laaksonen T, Aseyev V, Sotriffer C, Saalwächter K, Windbergs M, Pöppler AC, Luxenhofer R. Unraveling an Alternative Mechanism in Polymer Self-Assemblies: An Order-Order Transition with Unusual Molecular Interactions between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymer Blocks. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6932-6942. [PMID: 36972400 PMCID: PMC10100562 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer self-assembly leading to cooling-induced hydrogel formation is relatively rare for synthetic polymers and typically relies on H-bonding between repeat units. Here, we describe a non-H-bonding mechanism for a cooling-induced reversible order-order (sphere-to-worm) transition and related thermogelation of solutions of polymer self-assemblies. A multitude of complementary analytical tools allowed us to reveal that a significant fraction of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic repeat units of the underlying block copolymer is in close proximity in the gel state. This unusual interaction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks reduces the mobility of the hydrophilic block significantly by condensing the hydrophilic block onto the hydrophobic micelle core, thereby affecting the micelle packing parameter. This triggers the order-order transition from well-defined spherical micelles to long worm-like micelles, which ultimately results in the inverse thermogelation. Molecular dynamics modeling indicates that this unexpected condensation of the hydrophilic corona onto the hydrophobic core is due to particular interactions between amide groups in the hydrophilic repeat units and phenyl rings in the hydrophobic ones. Consequently, changes in the structure of the hydrophilic blocks affecting the strength of the interaction could be used to control macromolecular self-assembly, thus allowing for the tuning of gel characteristics such as strength, persistence, and gelation kinetics. We believe that this mechanism might be a relevant interaction pattern for other polymeric materials as well as their interaction in and with biological environments. For example, controlling the gel characteristics could be considered important for applications in drug delivery or biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hahn
- Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Zorn
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry & Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josef Kehrein
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kielholz
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular
Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Ziegler
- Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Forster
- Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sochor
- Chair for
X-Ray Microscopy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Josef-Martin-Weg
63, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina S. Lisitsyna
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Science, Tampere
University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nikita A. Durandin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Science, Tampere
University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Science, Tampere
University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability
Science, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institute
of Physics-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular
Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry & Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability
Science, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Kiran P, Khan A, Neekhra S, Pallod S, Srivastava R. Nanohybrids as Protein-Polymer Conjugate Multimodal Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:676025. [PMID: 35047929 PMCID: PMC8757875 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.676025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic formulations are being widely explored as multifunctional nanotherapeutics. Challenges in ensuring susceptibility and efficacy of nanoformulation still prevail owing to various interactions with biological fluids before reaching the target site. Smart polymers with the capability of masking drugs, ease of chemical modification, and multi-stimuli responsiveness can assist controlled delivery. An active moiety like therapeutic protein has started to be known as an important biological formulation with a diverse medicinal prospect. The delivery of proteins and peptides with high target specificity has however been tedious, due to their tendency to aggregate formation in different environmental conditions. Proteins due to high chemical reactivity and poor bioavailability are being researched widely in the field of nanomedicine. Clinically, multiple nano-based formulations have been explored for delivering protein with different carrier systems. A biocompatible and non-toxic polymer-based delivery system serves to tailor the polymer or drug better. Polymers not only aid delivery to the target site but are also responsible for proper stearic orientation of proteins thus protecting them from internal hindrances. Polymers have been shown to conjugate with proteins through covalent linkage rendering stability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy prominently when dealing with the systemic route. Here, we present the recent developments in polymer-protein/drug-linked systems. We aim to address questions by assessing the properties of the conjugate system and optimized delivery approaches. Since thorough characterization is the key aspect for technology to enter into the market, correlating laboratory research with commercially available formulations will also be presented in this review. By examining characteristics including morphology, surface properties, and functionalization, we will expand different hybrid applications from a biomaterial stance applied in in vivo complex biological conditions. Further, we explore understanding related to design criteria and strategies for polymer-protein smart nanomedicines with their potential prophylactic theranostic applications. Overall, we intend to highlight protein-drug delivery through multifunctional smart polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suditi Neekhra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Pallod
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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4
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Hahn L, Karakaya E, Zorn T, Sochor B, Maier M, Stahlhut P, Forster S, Fischer K, Seiffert S, Pöppler AC, Detsch R, Luxenhofer R. An Inverse Thermogelling Bioink Based on an ABA-Type Poly(2-oxazoline) Amphiphile. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3017-3027. [PMID: 34100282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are key components in several biomedical research areas such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biofabrication. Here, a novel ABA-type triblock copolymer comprising poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) as the hydrophilic A blocks and poly(2-phenethyl-2-oxazoline) as the aromatic and hydrophobic B block is introduced. Above the critical micelle concentration, the polymer self-assembles into small spherical polymer micelles with a hydrodynamic radius of approx 8-8.5 nm. Interestingly, this specific combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic aromatic moieties leads to rapid thermoresponsive inverse gelation at polymer concentrations above a critical gelation concentration (20 wt %) into a macroporous hydrogel of densely packed micelles. This hydrogel exhibited pronounced viscoelastic solid-like properties, as well as extensive shear-thinning, rapid structure recovery, and good strain resistance properties. Excellent 3D-printability of the hydrogel at lower temperature opens a wide range of different applications, for example, in the field of biofabrication. In preliminary bioprinting experiments using NIH 3T3 cells, excellent cell viabilities of more than 95% were achieved. The particularly interesting feature of this novel material is that it can be used as a printing support in hybrid bioink systems and sacrificial bioink due to rapid dissolution at physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Emine Karakaya
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Theresa Zorn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sochor
- Chair for X-Ray Microscopy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Josef-Martin-Weg 63, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Matthias Maier
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Stefan Forster
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany.,Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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5
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Dual thermoresponsive mPEG-b-poly(O-benzyl-l-threonine acid) hydrogel based on β-sheet nano-structural disassembly and PEG dehydration. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Synthesis of thermogel modified with biomaterials as carrier for hUSSCs differentiation into cardiac cells: Physicomechanical and biological assessment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Kuddushi M, Kumar A, Ray D, Aswal VK, El Seoud OA, Malek NI. Concentration- and Temperature-Responsive Reversible Transition in Amide-Functionalized Surface-Active Ionic Liquids: Micelles to Vesicles to Organogel. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24272-24284. [PMID: 33015444 PMCID: PMC7528175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A ubiquitous example of DNA and proteins inspires the scientific community to design synthetic systems that can construct various self-assembled complex nano-objects for high-end physiological functions. To gain insight into judiciously designed artificial amphiphilic structures that through self-assembling form various morphological architectures within a single system, herein, we have studied self-aggregation of amide-functionalized surface-active ionic liquids (AFSAILs) with different head groups in the DMSO/water mixed system. The AFSAIL forms stimuli-responsive reversible micelle and vesicle configurations that coexist with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, the organogel in the DMSO/water mixed system. The self-assembly driving forces, self-organization patterns, network morphologies, and mechanical properties of these network structures have been investigated. With the proven biodegradability and biocompatibility, one can envisage these AFSAILs as the molecules with a new dimension of versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Kuddushi
- Applied
Chemistry Department, S. V. National Institute
of Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Salt
and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid
State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Center Trombay, Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Vinod Kumar Aswal
- Solid
State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Center Trombay, Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Omar A. El Seoud
- Institute
of Chemistry, The University of Sao Paulo, 748 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naved I. Malek
- Applied
Chemistry Department, S. V. National Institute
of Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
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A thermoresponsive hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethylcellulose/cyclodextrin injectable hydrogel for the sustained release of drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 575:118845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Cui S, Yu L, Ding J. Semi-bald Micelles and Corresponding Percolated Micelle Networks of Thermogels. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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10
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Iohara D, Okubo M, Anraku M, Uramatsu S, Shimamoto T, Uekama K, Hirayama F. Hydrophobically Modified Polymer/α-Cyclodextrin Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Use in Ocular Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2740-2748. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masanori Okubo
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shunji Uramatsu
- Daido Chemical Corporation, 4-4-28 Takeshima,
Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-0011, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimamoto
- Daido Chemical Corporation, 4-4-28 Takeshima,
Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-0011, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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