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Atanassova M, Kukeva R, Kurteva V. New Sustainable Solvent Extraction Pathways for Rare Earth Metals via Oximes Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:7467. [PMID: 38005189 PMCID: PMC10673299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A study on the synergistic extraction of Eu(III) ions with a series of chelating ligands and determination of the process parameters is presented by employing ionic liquids and typical organic diluents. The investigations of the liquid-liquid extraction, commonly applied in the separation science of 4f and 5f-ions acidic chelating compounds, 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (HP), 4-benzoyl-3-phenyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI), and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) alone and in combination with two synergistic agents, meso-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (S2: HM-PAO) and its bis-imine precursor (S1: pre-HM-PAO), are presented. The interaction between the two extractants (acidic/neutral) in deuterochloroform was studied using 1H, 13C, and 1H-1H NOESY experiments. Several conclusions are given highlighting the role of the ionic diluent in complexation processes and selectivity with an employment of the two synergistic agents for various metal s-, p-, d-, and f-cations in the Periodic table, with almost 25 metal ions. The objective was to optimize a system for 4f-ions solvent extraction based on the new oxime molecules with β-diketone/isoxazolone/pyrazolone partnership. As detailed above, slight enhancements of extraction efficiencies were obtained either by using basic synergistic agents such as HM-PAO and/or using pre-HM-PAO. A competitive solvent extraction test of nearly 18 f-ions by various ligands (HTTA, S1, S2, and HPBI) and the two mixtures HTTA-S1 and HTTA-S2 diluted in ILs or organic diluents was also conducted in order to evaluate the switchable diluent impact. Additionally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to study the established chemical species with Cu2+ cations in the obtained organic extracts involving the two synergistic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Atanassova
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Okhridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Kukeva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Kurteva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Atanassova M, Kurteva V. Mutual Solubilities between Ethylene Glycol and Organic Diluents: Gas Chromatography and NMR. Molecules 2023; 28:5121. [PMID: 37446785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the mutual solubilities of sets of organic diluents (CHCl3, C6H6, C2H4Cl2, CCl4, C6H12, and n-hexane) with the organic compound ethylene glycol are investigated via gas chromatography (GC). The experimental data measured for these binary organic systems are used to adjust the future nonaqueous systems for the solvent extraction of various metals with ligands. The obtained results showed that the solubility of ethylene glycol decreased in the order CHCl3 > C6H6 > C2H4Cl2 > CCl4(0%) ≈ C6H12 ≈ n-hexane. On the other hand, the solubility of the tested traditional organic diluents in ethylene glycol decreased in the following order: C6H6 > CHCl3 > C2H4Cl2 > n-hexane > C6H12 > CCl4. 1H NMR was also used as an analytic method in order to compare the obtained results for the samples showing significant solubility only, including an additional study with 1,2- or 1,3-propanediol. The enhanced solubility of the C6H6 compound in ethylene glycol was identified here as critical due to the GC technique, which will be without future consequences in chemical technology. Therefore, it was found that the best molecular diluent for the recovery of metals among the tested ones is C6H12, with a green protocol as the new paradigm, replacing the aqueous phase with another nonaqueous phase, i.e., a second organic diluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Atanassova
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Okhridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Kurteva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Preferable Molecule for Solvent Extraction of Metals—Ancient Twists to New Approaches. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the investigations devoted to the solvent extraction processes of metal ions with a chelating ligand thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) is presented herein. It seems that this molecule has been preferred in the field for more than half a century, and that it is used very often as an extractant for almost all metals. The main objective of the present review is also to provide an overview of the synergistic solvent extraction of lanthanoids, particularly with the use of a β-diketone−neutral mixture. Based on the previous published results in the open literature, the extraction efficiency has been examined in detail and discussed further mainly in terms of the corresponding equilibrium constants among other outlined, so-important parameters. Major conclusions on the role of ligating groups of extractants towards the mechanism, an improved extraction enhancement, and selectivity are additionally provided. The fact that ionic liquids (ILs) appear to be replacing volatile diluents in the field of the liquid–liquid extraction of metals, again with the participation of this β-diketone, is not surprising. As is well known, a very efficient and simple way to determine the stoichiometry of the extracted species in the organic phase is by the simple use of the slope analysis method; however, it is sometimes difficult to perform, either because it somehow requests good solubility of the ligand or because obtained slopes are quite often far from integer values in ILs.
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Turanov АN, Karandashev VК, Yarkevich AN. Novel Bis(diphenylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide) Ligand for Effective Extraction of Actinides and Lanthanides from Nitric Acid Solutions. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.2001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- А. N. Turanov
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - V. К. Karandashev
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - A. N. Yarkevich
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
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Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming more and more significant as they play crucial roles in many advanced technologies. Therefore, the development of optimized processes for their recovery, whether from primary resources or from secondary sources, has become necessary, including recovery from mine tailings, recycling of end-of-life products and urban and industrial waste. Ionic solvents, including ionic liquids (ILs) and deep-eutectic solvents (DESs), have attracted much attention since they represent an alternative to conventional processes for metal recovery. These systems are used as reactive agents in leaching and extraction processes. The most significant studies reported in the last decade regarding the recovery of REEs are presented in this review.
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Okamura H, Hirayama N. Recent Progress in Ionic Liquid Extraction for the Separation of Rare Earth Elements. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:119-130. [PMID: 33100311 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sar11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in solvent extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) using an ionic liquid (IL) as the extraction solvent. These IL extraction systems are advantageous owing to the affinity of ILs for both charged and neutral hydrophobic species, in contrast to conventional organic solvent extraction systems. Herein, REE extraction studies using ILs are detailed and classified based on the type of extraction system, namely extraction using anionic ligands, extraction using neutral ligands, synergistic extraction, extraction without extractants, and a specific system using task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs). In IL extraction systems, the extracted complexes are often different from those in organic solvent systems, and the REE extraction and separation efficiencies are often significantly enhanced. Synergistic IL extraction is an effective approach to improving the extractability and separability of REEs. The development of novel TSILs suitable for IL extraction systems is also effective for REE separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Okamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Naoki Hirayama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan
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Masmoudi A, Zante G, Trébouet D, Barillon R, Boltoeva M. Solvent extraction of lithium ions using benzoyltrifluoroacetone in new solvents. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Okamura H, Mizuno M, Hirayama N, Shimojo K, Naganawa H, Imura H. Synergistic Enhancement of the Extraction and Separation Efficiencies of Lanthanoid(III) Ions by the Formation of Charged Adducts in an Ionic Liquid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Okamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mizuno
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirayama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kojiro Shimojo
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hirochika Naganawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hisanori Imura
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Anomalous lanthanoid(III) species extracted with 4-isopropyltropolone and neutral ligands in an ionic liquid. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Synergism in the Solvent Extraction of Europium(III) with Thenoyltrifluoroacetone and CMPO in Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids. J SOLUTION CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-019-00844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gujar RB, Verma PK, Ansari SA, Mohapatra PK. Complexation of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) with trivalent f-cations in an ionic liquid: solvent extraction and spectroscopy studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HTTA forms M(TTA)2+, M(TTA)2+, M(TTA)3° and M(TTA)4− complexes with lanthanides. Complexation is strongly favoured when the salt of TTA− is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh B. Gujar
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Trombay
- Mumbai – 400085
- India
| | - Parveen K. Verma
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Trombay
- Mumbai – 400085
- India
| | - Seraj A. Ansari
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Trombay
- Mumbai – 400085
- India
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Atanassova M, Todorova S, Kurteva V, Todorova N. Insights into the synergistic selectivity of 4f-ions implementing 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone and two new unsymmetrical NH-urea containing ring molecules in an ionic liquid. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Atanassova M, Okamura H, Eguchi A, Ueda Y, Sugita T, Shimojo K. Extraction Ability of 4-Benzoyl-3-phenyl-5-isoxazolone towards 4f-Ions into Ionic and Molecular Media. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:973-978. [PMID: 29780040 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The distribution constants of 4-benzoyl-3-phenyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI) and deprotonated one (PBI-) between hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C1C4im][Tf2N]) and aqueous phases were determined, together with the acid-dissociation constant of HPBI. The solvent extraction of three selected lanthanoid ions (La3+, Eu3+, and Lu3+) with HPBI from aqueous nitrate phase into [C1C4im][Tf2N] has been investigated. Application of the ionic liquid as the extracting phase greatly enhanced the extraction performance of HPBI for lanthanoid ions compared with that in the chloroform system. A slope analysis was conducted in order to compare the results of the solution 4f-ion coordination chemistry in ionic and molecular media. The composition of the extracted species was established to be anionic tetrakis entities, Ln(PBI)4-, for light, middle, and heavy lanthanoid ions in an ionic environment (Ln denotes lanthanoid ion). Nevertheless, the typical neutral chelate lanthanoid complexes of the type Ln(PBI)3 have been detected when the conventional molecular diluent chloroform was applied as an organic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Atanassova
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency.,Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
| | | | - Ayano Eguchi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugita
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
| | - Kojiro Shimojo
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
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HATAKEYAMA M, NISHIYAMA Y, NAGATANI H, OKAMURA H, IMURA H. Synergistic Extraction Equilibrium of Lanthanide(III) Ions with Benzoylacetone and a Neutral Ligand in an Ionic Liquid. SOLVENT EXTRACTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT-JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.15261/serdj.25.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki HATAKEYAMA
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Yoshio NISHIYAMA
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Hirohisa NAGATANI
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Hisanori IMURA
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
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Atanassova M, Kurteva V. Peculiar synergistic extraction behavior of Eu(III) in ionic liquids: Benzoylacetone and CMPO fusion. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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