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Nazar M, Hasan M, Wirjosentono B, Gani BA, Nada CE. Microwave Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots from Arabica Coffee Ground for Fluorescence Detection of Fe 3+, Pb 2+, and Cr 3. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20571-20581. [PMID: 38737012 PMCID: PMC11079894 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which were synthesized from arabica coffee ground-derived activated carbon, have been successfully employed as a fluorescence sensor to detect Fe3+ ions. CQDs were fabricated using microwave heating for 5-10 min, which emitted vibrant blue light at 455 nm when exposed to excitation at 365 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed that the average size of CQDs was 10.12 nm with a quantum yield of 6.01%. Fluorescence detection was developed for sensing Fe3+, Pb2+, and Cr3+ ions. The addition of the three metal ions resulted in a decrease in the fluorescence (FL) intensity of the CQDs, with the addition of Fe3+ ions demonstrating a more significant decrease in FL compared to the addition of both Cr3+ and Pb2+ ions. The results indicated that the CQDs synthesized from activated carbon of arabica coffee waste performed as a selective fluorescent detector for Fe3+ ions, with a detection limit of 0.27 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazar
- Graduate
School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Universitas Syiah
Kuala, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Universitas Syiah
Kuala, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | | | - Basri A. Gani
- Department
of Oral Biology, Dentistry Faculty, Universitas
Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Cut Elvira Nada
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Universitas Syiah
Kuala, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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2
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Hussen NH, Hasan AH, FaqiKhedr YM, Bogoyavlenskiy A, Bhat AR, Jamalis J. Carbon Dot Based Carbon Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9849-9864. [PMID: 38463310 PMCID: PMC10918813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and anticancer drugs are widely used due to increasing widespread infectious diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacterial, fungal, viral agents, or cancer cells, which are one of the major causes of mortality globally. Nevertheless, several microorganisms developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of genetic changes that have occurred over an extended period. Carbon-based materials, particularly carbon dots (C-dots), are potential candidates for antibacterial and anticancer nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high dispersibility in aqueous conditions, and promising biocompatibility. In this Review, the content is divided into four sections. The first section concentrates on C-dot structures, surface functionalization, and morphology. Following that, we summarize C-dot classifications and preparation methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical oxidation, and so on. The antimicrobial applications of C-dots as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents both in vivo and in vitro are discussed. Finally, we thoroughly examined the anticancer activity displayed by C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmin Hamaamin Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Aso Hameed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Yar Muhammed FaqiKhedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Ajmal R Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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3
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Chaudhary M, Singh P, Singh GP, Rathi B. Structural Features of Carbon Dots and Their Agricultural Potential. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4166-4185. [PMID: 38313515 PMCID: PMC10831853 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have drawn attention due to their enticing physical, chemical, and surface properties. Besides, good conductivity, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, simple synthetic routes, and comparable optical properties are advantageous features of CDs. Further, recently, CDs have been explored for biological systems, including plants. Among biological systems, only plants form the basis for sustainability and life on Earth. In this Review, we reviewed suitable properties and applications of CDs, such as promoting the growth of agricultural plants, disease resistance, stress tolerance, and target transportation. Summing up the available studies, we believe that the applications of CDs are yet to be explored significantly for innovation and technology-based agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chaudhary
- Department
of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University
of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Priyamvada Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Gajendra Pratap Singh
- Disruptive
and Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology
(SMART), 138602 Singapore
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Department
of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University
of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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4
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Santos N, Valenzuela S, Segura C, Osorio-Roman I, Arrázola MS, Panadero-Medianero C, Santana PA, Ahumada M. Poly(ethylene imine)-chitosan carbon dots: study of its physical-chemical properties and biological in vitro performance. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:129. [PMID: 37847425 PMCID: PMC10581970 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been quickly extended for nanomedicine uses because of their multiple applications, such as bioimaging, sensors, and drug delivery. However, the interest in increasing their photoluminescence properties is not always accompanied by cytocompatibility. Thus, a knowledge gap exists regarding their interactions with biological systems linked to the selected formulations and synthesis methods. In this work, we have developed carbon dots (CDs) based on poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) and chitosan (CS) by using microwave irradiation, hydrothermal synthesis, and a combination of both, and further characterized them by physicochemical and biological means. Our results indicate that synthesized CDs have sizes between 1 and 5 nm, a high presence of amine groups on the surface, and increased positive ζ potential values. Further, it is established that the choice and use of different synthesis procedures can contribute to a different answer to the CDs regarding their optical and biological properties. In this regard, PEI-only CDs showed the longest photoluminescent emission lifetime, non-hemolytic activity, and high toxicity against fibroblast. On the other hand, CS-only CDs have higher PL emission, non-cytotoxicity associated with fibroblast, and high hemolytic activity. Interestingly, their combination using the proposed methodologies allow a synergic effect in their CDs properties. Therefore, this work contributes to developing and characterizing CD formulations based on PEI and CS and better understanding the CD's properties and biological interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Santos
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Santiago Valenzuela
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Segura
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile
| | - Igor Osorio-Roman
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile
| | - Macarena S Arrázola
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Concepción Panadero-Medianero
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Paula A Santana
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel Ahumada
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, RM, Chile.
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, RM, Chile.
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5
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Navarro-Badilla A, Calderon-Ayala G, Delgado-Beleño Y, Heras-Sánchez MC, Hurtado RB, Leal-Pérez JE, Hurtado-Macias A, Cortez-Valadez M. Green Synthesis for Carbon Quantum Dots via Opuntia ficus-indica and Agave maximiliana: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33342-33348. [PMID: 37744848 PMCID: PMC10515183 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an alternative method for synthesizing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using a green synthesis approach via extracts from Agave maximiliana and Opuntia ficus-indica(Ofi). The extracts from both plants were used as the carbon source for the CQDs. The synthesis method employs mesoporous zeolite 4A as a refractory for the thermal treatment of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy analysis established that the size of the CQDs shows a narrow distribution centered around 2 nm with a maximum size of less than 3 nm for both cases. The CQDs exhibit absorption bands associated with π-π* transitions located around 220 nm. In both cases, photoluminescence (PL) phenomenon was detected by irradiating the samples with a UV wavelength and detecting emissions close to the blue wavelength. Additionally, both kinds of CQDs were tested as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates against methylene blue (MB), indicating an enhancement associated with ring deformation and stretching modes of the v(C-C) and v(C-N) bonds located around 1400 and 1620 cm-1, respectively. Complementarily, in the framework of density functional theory, H2nC2(2m+1) structures (with n = 3-5 and m = 1-3) were used as a theoretical representation of CQDs in interaction with the MB molecule. It is used for developing the analysis of charge transfer effects between both systems and for specifying elements that generate the SERS effect associated with the chemical enhancement mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Navarro-Badilla
- Departamento
de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas S/N, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - G. Calderon-Ayala
- Universidad
Estatal de Sonora, Rosales No. 189 Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83100, Mexico
| | - Y. Delgado-Beleño
- Grupo
de Espectroscopía Óptica y Láser, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar, Cesar 200001, Colombia
| | - M. C. Heras-Sánchez
- Departamento
de Matemáticas, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas S/N, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - R. Britto Hurtado
- CONAHCYT-Departamento
de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 5-88, Hermosillo, Sonora 83190, Mexico
| | - J. E. Leal-Pérez
- Universidad
Autónoma de Sinaloa, Fuente de Poseidón y Prol. Ángel Flores S/N., Los Mochis, Sinaloa 81223, Mexico
| | - A. Hurtado-Macias
- Centro
de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - M. Cortez-Valadez
- CONAHCYT-Departamento
de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 5-88, Hermosillo, Sonora 83190, Mexico
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6
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Almahri A, Al-bonayan AM, Attar RMS, Karkashan A, Abbas B, Al-Qahtani SD, El-Metwaly NM. Multifunctional Lipophobic Polymer Dots from Cyclodextrin: Antimicrobial/Anticancer Laborers and Silver Ions Chemo-Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16956-16965. [PMID: 37214711 PMCID: PMC10193544 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (CD) is currently exploited for the implantation of lipophobic polymer dots (PDs) for antimicrobial and anticancer laborers. Moreover, the PDs were investigated to act as a chemo-sensor for metal detection. The data revealed that under basic conditions, photoluminescent PDs (5.1 nm) were successively clustered with a controllable size at 190 °C, whereas under acidic conditions, smaller-sized non-photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles (2.9 nm) were obtained. The fluorescence intensity of synthesized PDs under basic conditions was affected by pH, and such an intensity was significantly higher compared to that prepared under acidic conditions. The PDs were exploited as florescent detectors in estimation of Ag+ ions in aquatic streams. Treatment of Ag+ ion colloids with PDs resulted in fluorescence quenching attributing to the production of AgNPs that approved by spectral studies. The cell viability percent was estimated for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans after incubation with PDs implanted under basic conditions for 24 h. The cell mortality percent was estimated for breast cancer (MCF-7) after incubation with different concentrations of PDs that were implanted under acidic versus basic conditions to show that treatment of the tested cells with 1000 μg/mL PDs prepared under basic (IC50 232.5 μg/mL) and acidic (IC50 88.6 μg/mL) conditions resulted in cell mortality percentages of 70 and 90%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albandary Almahri
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameena M. Al-bonayan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roba M. S. Attar
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Karkashan
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Abbas
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salhah D. Al-Qahtani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, El-Gomhoria
Street Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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7
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Jovanović S, Marković Z, Budimir M, Prekodravac J, Zmejkoski D, Kepić D, Bonasera A, Marković BT. Lights and Dots toward Therapy-Carbon-Based Quantum Dots as New Agents for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041170. [PMID: 37111655 PMCID: PMC10145889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The large number of deaths induced by carcinoma and infections indicates that the need for new, better, targeted therapy is higher than ever. Apart from classical treatments and medication, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the possible approaches to cure these clinical conditions. This strategy offers several advantages, such as lower toxicity, selective treatment, faster recovery time, avoidance of systemic toxic effects, and others. Unfortunately, there is a small number of agents that are approved for usage in clinical PDT. Novel, efficient, biocompatible PDT agents are, thus, highly desired. One of the most promising candidates is represented by the broad family of carbon-based quantum dots, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanodots (CNDs), and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). In this review paper, these new smart nanomaterials are discussed as potential PDT agents, detailing their toxicity in the dark, and when they are exposed to light, as well as their effects on carcinoma and bacterial cells. The photoinduced effects of carbon-based quantum dots on bacteria and viruses are particularly interesting, since dots usually generate several highly toxic reactive oxygen species under blue light. These species are acting as bombs on pathogen cells, causing various devastating and toxic effects on those targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Prekodravac
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Kepić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Palermo Research Unit, Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Biljana Todorović Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Catalytic Applications for Organic Synthesis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), also known as carbon dots (CDs), are novel zero-dimensional fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials. CQDs have attracted enormous attention around the world because of their excellent optical properties as well as water solubility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, eco-friendliness, and simple synthesis routes. CQDs have numerous applications in bioimaging, biosensing, chemical sensing, nanomedicine, solar cells, drug delivery, and light-emitting diodes. In this review paper, the structure of CQDs, their physical and chemical properties, their synthesis approach, and their application as a catalyst in the synthesis of multisubstituted 4H pyran, in azide-alkyne cycloadditions, in the degradation of levofloxacin, in the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, in the removal of Rhodamine B, as H-bond catalysis in Aldol condensations, in cyclohexane oxidation, in intrinsic peroxidase-mimetic enzyme activity, in the selective oxidation of amines and alcohols, and in the ring opening of epoxides are discussed. Finally, we also discuss the future challenges in this research field. We hope this review paper will open a new channel for the application of CQDs as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
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9
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Subedi S, Rella AK, Trung LG, Kumar V, Kang SW. Electrically Switchable Anisometric Carbon Quantum Dots Exhibiting Linearly Polarized Photoluminescence: Syntheses, Anisotropic Properties, and Facile Control of Uniaxial Orientation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6480-6492. [PMID: 35343230 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been extensively explored in diverse fields because of their exceptional features. The nanometric particles with photoluminescence (PL) benefit various optical and photonic applications. However, the majority of previous reports have mainly focused on either unpolarized or circular-polarized (CP) PL. Linearly polarized (LP) emission of CQDs is limited mainly because of their isometric shape and difficulties in macroscopic orientation control. Herein, we report syntheses of anisometric CQDs and facile control of the uniaxial orientation on a macroscopic scale, which results in linearly polarized photoluminescence (LP-PL). The anisometric CQDs are synthesized from rigid-rod-shaped precursors and evenly dispersed in the rod-like liquid crystal (LC) host. As-synthesized CQDs exhibit a PL quantum yield as high as 35% in chloroform. In addition to uniform alignment, facile directional switching of the elongated CQD is established by employing the electrical responsiveness of the CQD and host LC. Therefore, the dichroic photophysical properties of anisometric CQDs have been beneficially adopted for fabrications of polarization-sensitive and electrically switchable PL devices. Also, anisometric CQDs are embedded in polymer films with molecular orientational patterns and clearly recognized by LP-PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhangi Subedi
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal
| | - Avinash K Rella
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Gia Trung
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Woong Kang
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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10
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Nanomaterials-based hyperthermia: A literature review from concept to applications in chemistry and biomedicine. J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Kumar P, Dua S, Kaur R, Kumar M, Bhatt G. A review on advancements in carbon quantum dots and their application in photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4714-4759. [PMID: 35425490 PMCID: PMC8981368 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are a new frontier in the field of fluorescent nanomaterials, and they exhibit fascinating properties such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, eco-friendliness, good water solubility and photostability. In addition, the synthesis of these nanoparticles is facile, rapid, and satisfies green chemistry principles. CQDs have easily tunable optical properties and have found applications in bioimaging, nanomedicine, drug delivery, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and other related areas. This article systematically reviews carbon quantum dot structure, their synthesis techniques, recent advancements, the effects of doping and surface engineering on their optical properties, and related photoluminescence models in detail. The challenges associated with these nanomaterials and their prospects are discussed, and special emphasis has been placed on the application of carbon quantum dots in enhancing the performance of photovoltaics and white light-emitting diodes. This review puts forth the in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of carbon quantum dots(CQDs), recent advancements in the field including a thorough discussion on different roles of CQDs to enhance the performance of solar cells and white-LEDs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electronic Science, South Campus University of Delhi, New Delhi-110021, India
- Non-Collegiate Women's Education Board, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Shweta Dua
- Bhaskarcaharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India
- Non-Collegiate Women's Education Board, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India
- Non-Collegiate Women's Education Board, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi-110012, India
- Non-Collegiate Women's Education Board, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Geeta Bhatt
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India
- Non-Collegiate Women's Education Board, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
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12
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Su YH, Huang HH, Tseng CC, Tsai HJ, Hsu WK. Production of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots with controllable emission wavelength, excellent sensing of Fe 3+ in aqueous solution, and potential application for stealth quick response coding in the visible regime. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34117-34124. [PMID: 35497274 PMCID: PMC9042367 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) exhibit a high quantum yield with controllable emission wavelength and intensity in the blue-green regime. N-CQDs were tested and determined to be thermally and optically stable during 150 °C heat treatment and prolonged UV irradiation. Potential applications of N-CQDs were demonstrated, including excellent Fe3+ sensing in aqueous solution, fluorescent polymer fibres, and stealth quick response coding at visible wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuang Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, High Entropy Materials Centre, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
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13
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Ndlwana L, Raleie N, Dimpe KM, Ogutu HF, Oseghe EO, Motsa MM, Msagati TA, Mamba BB. Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5094. [PMID: 34501183 PMCID: PMC8434334 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of green technology is very important to protect the environment and thus there is a need for improving the existing methods for the fabrication of carbon materials. As such, this work proposes to discuss, interrogate, and propose viable hydrothermal, solvothermal, and other advanced carbon materials synthesis methods. The synthesis approaches for advanced carbon materials to be interrogated will include the synthesis of carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, nitrogen/titania-doped carbons, graphene quantum dots, and their nanocomposites with solid/polymeric/metal oxide supports. This will be performed with a particular focus on microwave-assisted solvothermal and hydrothermal synthesis due to their favourable properties such as rapidity, low cost, and being green/environmentally friendly. These methods are regarded as important for the current and future synthesis and modification of advanced carbon materials for application in energy, gas separation, sensing, and water treatment. Simultaneously, the work will take cognisance of methods reducing the fabrication costs and environmental impact while enhancing the properties as a direct result of the synthesis methods. As a direct result, the expectation is to impart a significant contribution to the scientific body of work regarding the improvement of the said fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lwazi Ndlwana
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Naledi Raleie
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Kgogobi M. Dimpe
- Doornfontein Campus, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Hezron F. Ogutu
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Ekemena O. Oseghe
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Mxolisi M. Motsa
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Titus A.M. Msagati
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Bhekie B. Mamba
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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14
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Ahmed HB, Abualnaja KM, Ghareeb RY, Ibrahim AA, Abdelsalam NR, Emam HE. Technical textiles modified with immobilized carbon dots synthesized with infrared assistance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:15-29. [PMID: 34261016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots "CQDs" were investigated as photo-luminescent nanomaterials as it advantageous with nontoxicity to be alternative for metallic-nanomaterials in different purposes. Therefore, the presented report demonstrates an innovative strategy for industrialization of antimicrobial/fluorescent cotton textiles via exploitation of "CQDs". Unique/novel infrared-assisted technique was currently investigated for clustering "CQDs" form carboxymethyl cellulose. The successive nucleation of "CQDs" (8.0 nm) was affirmed via infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, TEM and Zeta-potential analysis. The clustered "CQDs" showed antimicrobial and fluorescent characters. The minimal inhibition concentration for "CQDs" (100 mg/mL) against E. coli and C. albicans showed pathogenic reduction of 96% and 82%, respectively. Fluorescent emission spectra for "CQDs" showed two intense peaks at 415-445 nm. "CQDs" were loaded upon pristine and cationized cotton to prepare CQDs@cotton and CQDs@cationized cotton. While, their physical/mechanical properties (air and water vapor permeabilities, tensile strength and elongation %) and thermal stability (TGA & DTG analysis) were studied. The CQDs@cationized cotton exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity with good durability as after ten repretitive washings, inhibition zone diameter against E. coli, was diminished from 21.0 mm to 14.0 mm. The fluorescent emmision intensity was diminished from 741 to 287 after 10 washing cycles. The produced cotton fabrics could be safely used in the medical and military textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Khamael M Abualnaja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rehab Y Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Air Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira A Ibrahim
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Air Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, 21531, Egypt
| | - Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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15
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Hagiwara K, Horikoshi S, Serpone N. Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthetic Approaches and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:9466-9481. [PMID: 33877732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of synthetic methodologies and applications of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been reported since they were first discovered nearly two decades ago. Unlike metal-based or semiconductor-based (e. g., metal chalcogenides) quantum dots (MSQDs), CQDs have the unique feature of being prepared through a variety of synthetic protocols, which are typically understood from considerations of reaction models and photoluminescence mechanisms. Consequently, this brief review article describes quantum dots, in general, and CQDs, in particular, from various viewpoints: (i) their definition, (ii) their photophysical properties, and (iii) the superiority of CQDs over MSQDs. Where possible, comparisons are made between CQDs and MSQDs. First, however, the review begins with a general brief description of quantum dots (QDs) as nanomaterials (sizes≤10 nm), followed by a short description of MSQDs and CQDs. Described subsequently are the various top-down and bottom-up approaches to synthesize CQDs followed by their distinctive photophysical properties (emission spectra; quantum yields, Φs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Hagiwara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-8552, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horikoshi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-8552, Japan
| | - Nick Serpone
- PhotoGreen Laboratory, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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Hagiwara K, Horikoshi S, Serpone N. Luminescent monodispersed carbon quantum dots by a microwave solvothermal method toward bioimaging applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jorns M, Pappas D. A Review of Fluorescent Carbon Dots, Their Synthesis, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1448. [PMID: 34070762 PMCID: PMC8228846 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a particularly useful type of fluorescent nanoparticle that demonstrate biocompatibility, resistance to photobleaching, as well as diversity in composition and characteristics amongst the different types available. There are two main morphologies of CDs: Disk-shaped with 1-3 stacked sheets of aromatic carbon rings and quasi-spherical with a core-shell arrangement having crystalline and amorphous properties. They can be synthesized from various potentially environmentally friendly methods including hydrothermal carbonization, microwaving, pyrolysis or combustion, and are then purified via one or more methods. CDs can have either excitation wavelength-dependent or -independent emission with each having their own benefits in microscopic fluorescent imaging. Some CDs have an affinity for a particular cell type, organelle or chemical. This property allows the CDs to be used as sensors in a biological environment and can even provide quantitative information if the quenching or intensity of their fluorescence is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. In addition to fluorescent imaging, CDs can also be used for other applications including drug delivery, quality control, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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18
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Nanotheranostic Carbon Dots as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most deadly diseases globally, but carbon-based nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in nanotechnology and a better understanding of tumor microenvironments have contributed to novel nanotargeting routes that may bring new hope to cancer patients. Several low-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials have shown promising preclinical results; as such, low-dimensional carbon dots (CDs) and their derivatives are considered up-and-coming candidates for cancer treatment. The unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials are high surface area to volume ratio, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. It makes them well suited for delivering chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Recent studies have shown that the CDs are potential applicants in biomedical sciences, both as nanocarriers and nanotransducers. This review covers the most commonly used CD nanoparticles in nanomedicines intended for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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Ahmed HB, Emam HE. Environmentally exploitable biocide/fluorescent metal marker carbon quantum dots. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42916-42929. [PMID: 35514886 PMCID: PMC9058413 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06383e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are currently investigated to act as safe/potent alternatives for metal-based nanostructures to play the role of probes for environmental applications owing to their low toxicity, low cost, chemical inertness, biocompatibility and outstanding optical properties. The synthesis of biocide/fluorescent metal marker carbon quantum dots with hydrophilic character was performed via a quite simple and green technique. The natural biopolymer that was used in this study for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots is fragmented under strong alkaline conditions. Afterwards, under hydrothermal conditions, re-polymerization, aromatization and subsequent oxidation, the carbonic nanostructures were grown and clustered. Dialysis of the so-produced carbonic nanostructures was carried out to obtain highly purified/mono-dispersed carbon quantum dots with a size distribution of 1.5-6.5 nm. The fluorescence intensity of the synthesized carbon quantum dots under hydrothermal conditions for 3 h was affected by dialysis, however, the fluorescence intensity was significantly increased ca. 20 times. The synthesized carbon quantum dots were exploited as fluorescent markers in the detection of Zn2+ and Hg2+. The prepared carbon quantum dots also exhibited excellent antimicrobial potency against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The detected minimal inhibitory concentration for the dialyzed CQDs towards the tested pathogens was 350-450 μL mL-1. The presented approach is a simple and green technique for the scaled-up synthesis of biocide/fluorescent marker carbon quantum dots instead of metal-based nanostructures for environmental applications, without using toxic chemicals or organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University Ain-Helwan Cairo 11795 Egypt +201097411189
| | - Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Based Textiles, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt +201008002487
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20
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The Use of Carbon Quantum Dot as Alternative of Stannous Chloride Application in Radiopharmaceutical Kits. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4742158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even today, technetium-99m is a radionuclide choice for diagnostic in nuclear medicine. The unique chemical and physical properties of technetium-99m make it suitable as an available radionuclide in many centers. In this study, we examined the potential of CQD as a reducing agent in the MDP kit. Citric acid-derived CQD was synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR, TEM, UV-Vis, XPS, and surface analysis. No cytotoxicity was observed by the MTT assay. They were reducing properties of the CQD confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The MDP kit is prepared by evaluating different parameters that affect the radiolabeling yield, including ligand, time, and CQD. The optimum amount of each parameter is obtained by Box–Behnken software. Finally, fluorescent spectroscopy, SPECT imaging, and biodistribution study showed that CQD reduces technetium-99m. Accumulation of radiotracer in the femur showed that CQD could be used in a radiopharmaceutical kit.
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21
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Mandani S, Rezaei B, Ensafi AA. Sensitive imprinted optical sensor based on mesoporous structure and green nanoparticles for the detection of methamphetamine in plasma and urine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 231:118077. [PMID: 32007904 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), a psychoactive substance with many medicinal applications in different countries, has destructive impacts on the nervous system and brain and can lead to addiction. The optimal system for MA determination must be able to measure the tiny amount of MA in complex matrixes accurately. In the current work, a simple and biocompatible sensitive optical probe was developed based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) technique and by using green CQDs and mesoporous structured imprinting microspheres (SiO2@CQDs@ms-MIPs). CQDs (ФF = 33%) were synthesized via the hydrothermal method using natural chewing gum as carbon source. SiO2 nanoparticles were used as the backup substrate for the placement of CQDs. In spite of biocompatibility, porosity and having high specific area are the unique features of SiO2 nanoparticles. When MA is present, the fluorescence response of MIPs enhances. This is caused by the passivation and adjustment of active clusters that are present on the surface of CQDs. By this optical sensor, the favorable linear dynamic range (5.0-250 μM) and the detection limit (1.6 μM) were obtained. The applicability of the advanced sensor was studied in real samples such as human urine and human blood plasma. Acceptable results were obtained and recovery amounts were in the 92-110% interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabe Mandani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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22
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Sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots for detection of glutathione and reduction of cellular nitric oxide in microglial cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Hagiwara K, Uchida H, Suzuki Y, Hayashita T, Torigoe K, Kida T, Horikoshi S. Role of alkan-1-ol solvents in the synthesis of yellow luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs): van der Waals force-caused aggregation and agglomeration. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14396-14402. [PMID: 35498445 PMCID: PMC9051929 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs; luminescent carbon nanoparticles, size < 10 nm) have attracted much attention with respect to their eco-friendliness and multi-functionality. The solvent-dependent photoluminescence of CQDs has been well investigated to optimize the synthesis process and homogeneous dispersion. Although some alkan-1-ol solvents, such as ethanol, have been well utilized empirically as good solvents when synthesizing highly photoluminescent CQDs, the role of alkan-1-ol solvents, particularly long-chain alkan-1-ols (e.g., 1-nonanol, 1-decanol), has not yet been clarified. Herein, we demonstrate a method for the synthesis of strongly yellow emitting CQDs using solvothermal treatment and elucidate the role of alkan-1-ol solvents in the photoluminescence of CQDs. These CQDs have been characterized using theoretical calculations, ex situ morphological observations using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and 500 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectroscopy. A comparative study of alkan-1-ol solvents suggests a mechanism for the agglomeration and aggregation of carbon precursors, intermediates, and CQDs, which is expected to lead to further synthesis studies on highly luminescent CQDs. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs; luminescent carbon nanoparticles, size < 10 nm) have attracted much attention with respect to their eco-friendliness and multi-functionality.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Hagiwara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Yumiko Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Kanjiro Torigoe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Chiba 278-8510
- Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kida
- Division of Materials Science
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8555
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Horikoshi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
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Janus Ł, Piątkowski M, Radwan-Pragłowska J. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(L-lysine)-Based Polymer/Carbon Quantum Dot Nanomaterials for Biomedical Purposes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3825. [PMID: 31766363 PMCID: PMC6926918 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials in the form of quantum dots have a high potential due to their luminescent properties and low cytotoxicity which allows their use in optical probes for use in bioimaging and biodetection. In this article, we present a novel type of nanomaterials and their obtainment method under microwave-assisted conditions using poly(L-lysine) as a raw material. The ready products were characterized over their chemical structure, pH-dependent fluorescence properties and cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, their antioxidant activity as well as ability to biologically active molecules (vitamins) and heavy metal ions detection was evaluated. The results confirmed the obtainment of biocompatible nanomaterials with advanced properties and good water solubility according to sustained development principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janus
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (M.P.); (J.R.-P.)
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25
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Thangaraj B, Solomon PR, Ranganathan S. Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots with Special Reference to Biomass as a Source - A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1455-1476. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190618154518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have received much attention due to their extraordinary optical application in
medical diagnostics, optoelectronics and in energy storage devices. The most conventional QDs are based on
semiconductors that comprise heavy metals whose applications are limited due to toxicity and potential environmental
hazard. Of late, researchers are focusing on carbon-based quantum dots, which have recently emerged as a
new family of zero-dimensional nanostructured materials. They are spherical in shape with a size below 10 nm
and exhibit excitation-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL). Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have
unique optical, photoluminescence and electrochemical properties. They are environment-friendly with low toxicity
as compared to toxic heavy metal quantum dots. Generally, CQDs are derived from chemical precursor materials,
but recently researchers have focused their attention on the production of CQDs from waste biomass materials
due to the economic and environmental exigency. In this review, recent advances in the synthesis of CQDs
from waste biomass materials, functionalization and modulation of CQDs and their potential application of biosensing
are focused. This review also brings out some challenges and future perspectives for developing smart
biosensing gadgets based on CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang -212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pravin R. Solomon
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA-Deemed University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Zhou Y, Zahran EM, Quiroga BA, Perez J, Mintz KJ, Peng Z, Liyanage PY, Pandey RR, Chusuei CC, Leblanc RM. Size-Dependent Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Dots with Surface-State Determined Photoluminescence. APPLIED CATALYSIS. B, ENVIRONMENTAL 2019; 248:157-166. [PMID: 32831482 PMCID: PMC7434043 DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by a microwave-mediated method and separated by size exclusion chromatography into three different size fractions. There was no correlation of the size with photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelength, which shows that the PL mechanism is not quantum-size dependent. UV/vis absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies showed that the light absorption properties as well as the band gap of the CDs changed with the size of the particle. The combination of FTIR and XPS measurements revealed the composition on the surface of each fraction. The three CDs fractions were separately used in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under simulated sunlight irradiation. The catalytic activity of the as-prepared CDs was found to increase as the size of the particles decreased. Complete degradation of both rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) was achieved in 150 min by the 2-nm CDs. The scavenger studies showed that the holes and superoxide radicals are the main species involved in the photocatalytic degradation of the dye by the 2-nm CDs. These CDs displayed high stability in the degradation of organic dyes for multiple cycles. The 2-nm CDs displayed promising photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) . These results demonstrate for the first time the application of bare carbon dots in the degradation of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Elsayed M Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Bruno A Quiroga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Jennifer Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Piumi Y Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Raja R Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Charles C Chusuei
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
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Janus Ł, Piątkowski M, Radwan-Pragłowska J, Bogdał D, Matysek D. Chitosan-Based Carbon Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis and Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E274. [PMID: 30781452 PMCID: PMC6409624 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development in medicine and pharmacy has created a need for novel biomaterials with advanced properties such as photoluminescence, biocompability and long-term stability. The following research deals with the preparation of novel types of N-doped chitosan-based carbon quantum dots. Nanomaterials were obtained with simultaneous nitrogen-doping using biocompatible amino acids according to Green Chemistry principles. For the carbon quantum dots synthesis chitosan was used as a raw material known for its biocompability. The nanomaterials obtained in the form of lyophilic colloids were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrofluorimetric methods. Their quantum yields were determined. Additionally the cytotoxicity of the prepared bionanomaterials was evaluated by XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt) method. Our results confirmed the formation of biocompatible quantum dots with carbon cores exhibiting luminescence in visible range. Performed studies showed that modification with lysine (11.5%) and glutamic acid (7.4%) had a high impact on quantum yield, whereas functionalization with amino acids rich in S and N atoms did not significantly increase in fluorescence properties. XTT assays as well as morphological studies on human dermal fibroblasts confirmed the lack of cytotoxicity of the prepared bionanomaterials. The study shows chitosan-based quantum dots to be promising for biomedical applications such as cell labelling, diagnostics or controlled drug delivery and release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janus
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Marek Piątkowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Julia Radwan-Pragłowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Bogdał
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Dalibor Matysek
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Clean Technologies for Mining and Utilization of Raw Materials for Energy Use, Ostrava 70800, Czechia.
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Embedding Carbon Dots in Superabsorbent Polymers for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10080921. [PMID: 30960846 PMCID: PMC6403561 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A type of orange carbon dots (O-CDs) synthesized via an ultrasonication route with citric acid and 1,2-phenylenediamine as precursors was embedded into sodium polyacrylate (SPA) as the ink for 3D printing. Characterizations of these spherical O-CDs revealed an ultra-small size (~2 nm) and excitation-independent, but solvent dependent, emission. The O-CDs were evenly distributed with low degree of aggregation in sodium polyacrylate (SPA), which was achieved due to the property that SPA can absorb water together with O-CDs. The 3D printed photoluminescent objective with the ink revealed a great potential for high yield application of these materials for additive manufacturing. This also represents the first time, bare CDs have been reported as a photoluminescent material in 3D printing, as well as the first time SPA has been reported as a material for 3D printing.
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Chae A, Choi BR, Choi Y, Jo S, Kang EB, Lee H, Park SY, In I. Mechanochemical synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from cellulose powders. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:165604. [PMID: 29406321 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaad49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel mechanochemical method was firstly developed to synthesize carbon nanodots (CNDs) or carbon nano-onions (CNOs) through high-pressure homogenization of cellulose powders as naturally abundant resource depending on the treatment times. While CNDs (less than 5 nm in size) showed spherical and amorphous morphology, CNOs (10-50 nm in size) presented polyhedral shape, and onion-like outer lattice structure, graphene-like interlattice spacing of 0.36 nm. CNOs showed blue emissions, moderate dispersibility in aqueous media, and high cell viability, which enables efficient fluorescence imaging of cellular media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Chae
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21) Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
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Park J, Kwon B, Jeong W, Chae A, Choi Y, Park SY, In I. Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Fluorescent Polymer Dots from Hyperbranched Polyethylenimine and Glycerol. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongyeap Park
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
| | - Binhee Kwon
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
| | - Woojun Jeong
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
| | - Ari Chae
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea
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Choi Y, Jo S, Chae A, Kim YK, Park JE, Lim D, Park SY, In I. Simple Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Amphiphilic Carbon Quantum Dots from A 3/B 2 Polyamidation Monomer Set. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27883-27893. [PMID: 28742324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent and amphiphilic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine (TTDDA), which functioned as an A3 and B2 polyamidation type monomer set. Gram quantities of fluorescent CQDs were easily obtained within 5 min of microwave heating using a household microwave oven. Because of the dual role of TTDDA, both as a constituting monomer and as a surface passivation agent, TTDDA-based CQDs showed a high fluorescence quantum yield of 29% and amphiphilic solubility in various polar and nonpolar solvents. These properties enable the wide application of TTDDA-based CQDs as nontoxic bioimaging agents, nanofillers for polymer composites, and down-converting layers for enhancing the efficiency of Si solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Choi
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Jo
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Ari Chae
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwang Kim
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggun Lim
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ∥Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
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Wang N, Liu ZX, Li RS, Zhang HZ, Huang CZ, Wang J. The aggregation induced emission quenching of graphene quantum dots for visualizing the dynamic invasions of cobalt(ii) into living cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6394-6399. [PMID: 32264456 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective approach for cobalt(ii) detection based on the aggregation induced emission quenching strategy, which is opposite to aggregation induced emission enhancement, was developed using graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The detection could be achieved in the range of 10 nM-5 μM and the limit of detection was 2 nM. Importantly, the as-prepared GQDs showed a specific response to cobalt(ii) with excellent stability in A549 cells owing to their good biocompatibility and long-time anti-photobleaching. Thus, these environmentally and bio-friendly carbon nanomaterials were employed to visualize and monitor significant physiological changes of living cells induced by cobalt(ii). This shows great potential for in vitro analysis of cobalt(ii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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