1
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Lin B, Liu T, Luo T. Gold-catalyzed cyclization and cycloaddition in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:1091-1112. [PMID: 38456472 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to mid 2023Transition metal catalysis, known for its remarkable capacity to expedite the assembly of molecular complexity from readily available starting materials in a single operation, occupies a central position in contemporary chemical synthesis. Within this landscape, gold-catalyzed reactions present a novel and versatile paradigm, offering robust frameworks for accessing diverse structural motifs. In this review, we highlighted a curated selection of publications in the past 8 years, focusing on the deployment of homogeneous gold catalysis in the ring-forming step for the total synthesis of natural products. These investigations are categorized based on the specific ring formations they engender, accentuating the prevailing gold-catalyzed methodologies applied to surmount intricate challenges in natural products synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tianran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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2
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Yan XW, Du SY, Wang XT, Zhu KK, Fang L. New monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the stems of Tabernaemontana bovina Lour (Apocynaceae). Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2447-2452. [PMID: 36787196 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, named taberibogines E and F (1 and 2), together with three known ones (3-5) were isolated from the stems of Tabernaemontana bovina Lour (Apocynaceae). Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated from a combination of NMR and HRESIMS data and NMR calculations as well as DP4+ probability analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Yan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Yu Du
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- PingYi County Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Kong-Kai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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3
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Buzsaki SR, Mason SM, Kattamuri PV, Serviano JMI, Rodriguez DN, Wilson CV, Hood DM, Ellefsen JD, Lu YC, Kan J, West JG, Miller SJ, Holland PL. Fe/Thiol Cooperative Hydrogen Atom Transfer Olefin Hydrogenation: Mechanistic Insights That Inform Enantioselective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17296-17310. [PMID: 38875703 PMCID: PMC11209773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of activated olefins using transition metal catalysis is a powerful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules, but traditional metal catalysts have difficulty with enantioselective reduction of electron-neutral, electron-rich, and minimally functionalized olefins. Hydrogenation based on radical, metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (mHAT) mechanisms offers an outstanding opportunity to overcome these difficulties, enabling the mild reduction of these challenging olefins with selectivity that is complementary to traditional hydrogenations with H2. Further, mHAT presents an opportunity for asymmetric induction through cooperative hydrogen atom transfer (cHAT) using chiral thiols. Here, we report insights from a mechanistic study of an iron-catalyzed achiral cHAT reaction and leverage these insights to deliver stereocontrol from chiral thiols. Kinetic analysis and variation of silane structure point to the transfer of hydride from silane to iron as the likely rate-limiting step. The data indicate that the selectivity-determining step is quenching of the alkyl radical by thiol, which becomes a more potent H atom donor when coordinated to iron(II). The resulting iron(III)-thiolate complex is in equilibrium with other iron species, including FeII(acac)2, which is shown to be the predominant off-cycle species. The enantiodetermining nature of the thiol trapping step enables enantioselective net hydrogenation of olefins through cHAT using a commercially available glucose-derived thiol catalyst with up to 80:20 enantiomeric ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of asymmetric hydrogenation via iron-catalyzed mHAT. These findings advance our understanding of cooperative radical catalysis and act as a proof of principle for the development of enantioselective iron-catalyzed mHAT reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Buzsaki
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Savannah M. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | | | - Juan M. I. Serviano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dinora N. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Conner V. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Drew M. Hood
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Ellefsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yen-Chu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jolie Kan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Julian G. West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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4
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De Oliveira Silva A, Masand SA, Farah AO, Laddusaw J, Urbina K, Rodríguez-Alvarado M, Lalancette RA, Cheong PHY, Brenner-Moyer SE. Organocatalytic Enantioselective [1,2]-Stevens Rearrangement of Azetidinium Salts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9063-9067. [PMID: 38847523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The first organocatalyzed enantioselective [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement is reported. 4-Alkylideneproline derivatives are produced in up to 86% yield and in up to 90:10 er, with recrystallization enhancing er up to >99.5:0.5. Product configuration was opposite that predicted by existing stereochemical models for this organocatalyst class, and DFT calculations revealed a novel mode of asymmetric induction. The adaptability of this catalytic strategy for asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens rearrangements of other heterocyclic amines was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana De Oliveira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shruti A Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Abdikani Omar Farah
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jacqueline Laddusaw
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Kelvin Urbina
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | | | - Roger A Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Stacey E Brenner-Moyer
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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5
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Hughes AJ, Townsend SD. Total Synthesis of Ervaoffine J and K. Chemistry 2024:e202303985. [PMID: 38179797 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the total synthesis of ervaoffine J & K from a central intermediate. Ervaoffine J was synthesized in eight steps in 14 % yield. Our strategy features an aerobic Winterfeldt oxidation to introduce the 4-quinolone moiety. Ervaoffine K was produced in ten steps and 10 % yield. The synthesis leveraged (bromodifluoromethyl)-trimethylsilane to induce a regioselective von Braun-type C-N bond fragmentation. This C-N bond cleavage unveiled the tetrasubstituted all-syn cyclohexane core of ervaoffine K and enabled the completion of its synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN-37235, United States
| | - Steven D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN-37235, United States
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6
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Gillard RM, Zhang J, Steel R, Wang J, Strull JL, Cai B, Chakraborty N, Boger DL. Aryl Annulation: A Powerful Simplifying Retrosynthetic Disconnection. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2024; 56:118-133. [PMID: 38144170 PMCID: PMC10745204 DOI: 10.1055/a-1959-2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Retrosynthetic deconstruction of a core aromatic ring is an especially simplifying retrosynthetic step, reducing the complexity of the precursor synthetic target. Moreover, when implemented to provide a penultimate intermediate, it enables late-stage divergent aryl introductions, permitting deep-seated core aryl modifications ordinarily accessible only by independent synthesis. Herein, we highlight the use of a ketone carbonyl group as the functionality to direct such late-stage divergent aryl introductions onto a penultimate intermediate with a projected application in the total synthesis of vinblastine and its presently inaccessible analogs containing indole replacements. Although the studies highlight this presently unconventional strategy with an especially challenging target in mind, the increase in molecular complexity (intricacy) established by the synthetic implementation of the powerful retrosynthetic disconnection, the use of a ketone as the precursor enabling functionality, and with adoption of either conventional or new wave (hetero)aromatic annulations combine to define a general and powerful strategy suited for wide-spread implementation with near limitless scope in target diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Gillard
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Richard Steel
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jessica L. Strull
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nilanjana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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7
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Yu PC, Karmakar A, Sabbers WA, Shajan F, Andrade RB. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Epiibogamine Enabled by Three-Component Domino Michael/Michael/Mannich Annulation of N-Sulfinyl Metallosilylenamines. Org Lett 2023; 25:956-960. [PMID: 36729497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The iboga alkaloids are promising antiaddictive and neuroregeneration candidates for medical treatment. There is a lack of studies for C20-epi iboga alkaloids due to the synthetic difficulties. Herein we report the shortest total synthesis of (+)-epiibogamine in seven steps from trimethyl orthobutyrate. The novel N-sulfinyl silylenamine reagent enabled the key step, with three-component domino Michael/Michael/Mannich annulation providing the 1-amino-2,4-diester scaffold with four new chiral centers, and access to the isoquinuclidine in high yield (84%) and diastereoselectivity (>95:5 dr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Cheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Anupam Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - William A Sabbers
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Femil Shajan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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8
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Motiwala HF, Armaly AM, Cacioppo JG, Coombs TC, Koehn KRK, Norwood VM, Aubé J. HFIP in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12544-12747. [PMID: 35848353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions. The use of this solvent has exponentially increased in the past decade and has become a solvent of choice in some areas, such as C-H functionalization chemistry. In this review, following a brief history of HFIP in organic synthesis and an overview of its physical properties, literature examples of organic reactions using HFIP as a solvent or an additive are presented, emphasizing the effect of solvent of each reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F Motiwala
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Ahlam M Armaly
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jackson G Cacioppo
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Thomas C Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
| | - Kimberly R K Koehn
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Verrill M Norwood
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
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9
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Long D, Zhao G, Liu Z, Chen P, Ma S, Xie X, She X. Enantioselective Pictet–Spengler Condensation to Access the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Tabertinggine. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Gaoyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Peiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
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10
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Zhang J, Paladugu SR, Gillard RM, Sarkar A, Boger DL. Tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium Hexachloroantimonate-Mediated Intermolecular C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Free Radical Coupling of Vindoline with β-Ketoesters and Related Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:495-502. [PMID: 34963278 PMCID: PMC8758398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A powerful tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate (BAHA) mediated regioselective intermolecular coupling reaction of vindoline with a wide range of substrates that include β-ketoesters, β-diketones, β-ketoaldehydes, β-ketonitriles, β-ketolactones, β-ketolactams, β-cyanoesters, and malononitriles is detailed. The BAHA-promoted intermolecular sp3/sp2 coupling, representing a special class of selective C-H functionalization reactions with direct carbon-carbon bond formation, proceeds with generation of a quaternary center bound to the aryl C15 center of vindoline capable of accommodating of the vinblastine C16' methyl ester and functionalized for subsequent divergent heterocycle introduction. A comprehensive examination of the reaction scope, optimization of subtle reaction parameters, and key insights into the reaction mechanism are described. Contrary to what might be prevailing expectations, studies suggest the plausible mechanism entails initial single-electron oxidation of the substrate enolate, not vindoline, and subsequent regiospecific addition of the resulting electrophilic radical to vindoline. As such and beyond the new arylation reaction with vindoline, the studies define a host of new, previously unrecognized, applications of BAHA and related triarylaminium radical cations that arises from their ability to generate stabilized electrophilic radicals from β-ketoesters and related substrates under nonreducing and metal-free conditions. Those exemplified herein include mediating stabilized enolate free radical arylation, dimerization, allylation, alkene addition, and α-oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel M. Gillard
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Anindya Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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11
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Xiao X, Chen XH, Wang XX, Wu FY, Cui HL. NBS-mediated synthesis of bromodihydroindolizino[8,7-b]indole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Gabriel P, Almehmadi YA, Wong ZR, Dixon DJ. A General Iridium-Catalyzed Reductive Dienamine Synthesis Allows a Five-Step Synthesis of Catharanthine via the Elusive Dehydrosecodine. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10828-10835. [PMID: 34254792 PMCID: PMC8397322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new reductive strategy for the stereo- and regioselective synthesis of functionalized isoquinuclidines has been developed. Pivoting on the chemoselective iridium(I)-catalyzed reductive activation of β,γ-unsaturated δ-lactams, the efficiently produced reactive dienamine intermediates readily undergo [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with a wide range of dienophiles, resulting in the formation of bridged bicyclic amine products. This new synthetic approach was extended to aliphatic starting materials, resulting in the efficient formation of cyclohexenamine products, and readily applied as the key step in the shortest (five-step) total synthesis of vinca alkaloid catharanthine to date, proceeding via its elusive biosynthetic precursor, dehydrosecodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gabriel
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Yaseen A. Almehmadi
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeng Rong Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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13
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Mayer S, Keglevich P, Keglevich A, Hazai L. New Anticancer Vinca Alkaloids in the Last Decade - A Mini-Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210216123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry and pharmacology of the important Vinca alkaloids such as vinblastine
and vincristine used in anticancer therapy are still investigated widely. Several new
derivatives, e.g., vinflunine, vinorelbine, and vindesine, have been synthesized and become
successful medicines in anti-cancer therapy. In 2012, we published a paper that reviewed the
Vinca derivatives. Nevertheless, the interest in the preparation of new modified structures is
not decreasing either in recent years. In this review, the vinblastine-type molecules with several
substituents, e.g., amide, nitrile, hydrazide, substituted side chains, etc. in different positions
of catharanthine and/or vindoline cores are presented. An important part of the review is
the derivatization of the monomer alkaloid vindoline, which possesses no antitumor effect.
Additionally, new hybrid molecules of these alkaloids are also discussed in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Mayer
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
| | - Péter Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
| | - András Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
| | - László Hazai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
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14
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Zheng Z, Ma X, Cheng X, Zhao K, Gutman K, Li T, Zhang L. Homogeneous Gold-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8979-9038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xinpeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kaylaa Gutman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tianyou Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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15
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Wu J, Ma Z. Metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) reactions in natural product synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of olefins has been an important transformation in synthetic chemistry. This review will focus on the natural product synthesis employing the MHAT reaction as the key strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
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16
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Iyer RN, Favela D, Zhang G, Olson DE. The iboga enigma: the chemistry and neuropharmacology of iboga alkaloids and related analogs. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:307-329. [PMID: 32794540 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2020 Few classes of natural products have inspired as many chemists and biologists as have the iboga alkaloids. This family of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids includes the anti-addictive compound ibogaine as well as catharanthine, a precursor to the chemotherapeutic vinblastine. Despite being known for over 120 years, these small molecules continue to challenge our assumptions about biosynthetic pathways, catalyze our creativity for constructing complex architectures, and embolden new approaches for treating mental illness. This review will cover recent advances in both the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of iboga alkaloids as well as their use as next-generation neurotherapeutics. Whenever appropriate, we provide historical context for the discoveries of the past decade and indicate areas that have yet to be resolved. While significant progress regarding their chemistry and pharmacology has been made since the 1960s, it is clear that the iboga alkaloids will continue to stoke scientific innovation for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab N Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David Favela
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2102, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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17
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Chen Z, Lin B, Chen L, Zou Y, Yan M, Zhang X. Perfluorobutyl Iodide Mediated [1,2] and [2,3] Stevens Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Indolin‐3‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Yu Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Bi‐Zhen Lin
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zou
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Jing Zhang
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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18
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Hamidi H, Daraie M, Momeni T. Recent applications of the Wittig reaction in alkaloid synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 84:201-334. [PMID: 32416953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is the chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (the Wittig reagent) to afford an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide. Noteworthy, this reaction results in the synthesis of alkenes in a selective and predictable fashion. Thus, it became as one of the keystone of synthetic organic chemistry, especially in the total synthesis of natural products, where the selectivity of a reaction is paramount of importance. A literature survey disclosed the existence of vast numbers of related reports and comprehensive reviews on the applications of this important name reaction in the total synthesis of natural products. However, the aim of this chapter is to underscore, the applications of the Wittig reaction in the total synthesis of one the most important and prevalent classes of natural products, the alkaloids, especially those showing important and diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Hamidi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Daraie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Liu S, Yuan C, Jiang X, Wang X, Cui H. Catalyst‐Free [3+2] Cycloaddition of Unactivated Imines with Cyclopropenones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric SynthesisChongqing University of Arts and Sciences 319 Honghe Ave. Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
- Tonichem Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd Huizhou 516008 P.R. China
| | - Chang Yuan
- Laboratory of Asymmetric SynthesisChongqing University of Arts and Sciences 319 Honghe Ave. Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
| | - Xue‐Fei Jiang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric SynthesisChongqing University of Arts and Sciences 319 Honghe Ave. Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
| | - Xian‐Xun Wang
- Tonichem Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd Huizhou 516008 P.R. China
| | - Hai‐Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric SynthesisChongqing University of Arts and Sciences 319 Honghe Ave. Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
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20
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Boon BA, Boger DL. Triarylaminium Radical Cation Promoted Coupling of Catharanthine with Vindoline: Diastereospecific Synthesis of Anhydrovinblastine and Reaction Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14349-14355. [PMID: 31442047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new triarylaminium radical cation promoted coupling of catharanthine with vindoline is disclosed, enlisting tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachlororantimonate (BAHA, 1.1 equiv) in aqueous 0.05 N HCl/trifluoroethanol (1-10:1) at room temperature (25 °C), that provides anhydrovinblastine in superb yield (85%) with complete control of the newly formed quaternary C16' stereochemistry. A definition of the scope of aromatic substrates that participate with catharanthine in the BAHA-mediated diastereoselective coupling reaction and simplified indole substrates other than catharanthine that participate in the reaction are disclosed that identify the key structural features required for participation in the reaction, providing a generalized indole functionalization reaction that bears little structural relationship to catharanthine or vindoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron A Boon
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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21
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Chen Y, Hu J, Guo L, Zhong W, Ning C, Xu J. A Concise Total Synthesis of (−)‐Himalensine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7390-7394. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau China
| | - Jingping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Lian‐Dong Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Weihe Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Chengqing Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
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22
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Kono M, Harada S, Nozaki T, Hashimoto Y, Murata SI, Gröger H, Kuroda Y, Yamada KI, Takasu K, Hamada Y, Nemoto T. Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of (+)-Catharanthine via Desymmetrization of Isoquinuclidine. Org Lett 2019; 21:3750-3754. [PMID: 31021094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although (+)-catharanthine is an attractive alkaloid for both clinical research and organic synthetic chemistry, only a limited number of approaches for its catalytic asymmetric synthesis exist. Herein, we describe a novel strategy for synthesizing a chiral intermediate of (+)-catharanthine via phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization of a meso-isoquinuclidine possessing a 1,3-diol unit that was synthesized by a formal amide insertion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1, Inohana , Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 , Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1, Inohana , Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nozaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1, Inohana , Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1, Inohana , Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 , Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Murata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1, Inohana , Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 , Japan
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima University , Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505 , Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Yasumasa Hamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1, Inohana , Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 , Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1, Inohana , Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 , Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center , Chiba University , 1-33, Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
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23
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Chen Y, Hu J, Guo L, Zhong W, Ning C, Xu J. A Concise Total Synthesis of (−)‐Himalensine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau China
| | - Jingping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Lian‐Dong Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Weihe Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Chengqing Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
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24
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25
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Tang X, Wu N, Zhai R, Wu Z, Mi J, Luo R, Xu Z. Silver(i)-catalyzed addition of pyridine-N-oxides to alkynes: a practical approach for N-alkenoxypyridinium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:966-972. [PMID: 30632594 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02907e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A smooth catalytic approach to N-alkenoxypyridinium salts by using pyridine-N-oxides as the nucleophilic partner with alkynes under acidic conditions has been developed. This method uses different Ag(i) salts, with 5% AgOAc being the most efficient, to provide an efficient, practical and alternative way to obtain valuable N-alkenoxypyridinium salts with good to excellent yields (up to 93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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26
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Alkayar ZTI, Coldham I. Cascade cyclization and intramolecular nitrone dipolar cycloaddition and formal synthesis of 19-hydroxyibogamine. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:66-73. [PMID: 30539955 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A cascade or domino sequence of condensation of hydroxylamine and an aldehyde to give an oxime, cyclization to a nitrone, and intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been successfully employed where there is branching at C-4 as a route to the iboga alkaloids. Cyclization occurs with displacement of chloride as a leaving group and intramolecular cycloaddition occurs with an alkene as a dipolarophile. The reaction gives an azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane product containing a fused isoxazolidine as a single stereoisomer and this was converted to an isoquinuclidine that completed a formal synthesis of the alkaloid (±)-19-hydroxyibogamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad T I Alkayar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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27
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Green SA, Crossley SWM, Matos JLM, Vásquez-Céspedes S, Shevick SL, Shenvi RA. The High Chemofidelity of Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2628-2640. [PMID: 30406655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of any chemical reaction in a structurally complex setting ( King , S. M. J. Org. Chem. 2014 , 79 , 8937 ) confronts structurally defined barriers: steric environment, functional group reactivity, product instability, and through-bond electronics. However, there are also practical barriers. Late-stage reactions conducted on small quantities of material are run inevitably at lower than optimal concentrations. Access to late-stage material limits extensive optimization. Impurities from past reactions can interfere, especially with catalytic reactions. Therefore, chemical reactions on which one can rely at the front lines of a complex synthesis campaign emerge from the crucible of total synthesis as robust, dependable, and widely applied. Trost conceptualized "chemoselectivity" as a reagent's selective reaction of one functional group or reactive site in preference to others ( Trost , B. M. Science 1983 , 219 , 245 ). Chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance can be evaluated quickly using robustness screens ( Collins , K. D. Nat. Chem. 2013 , 5 , 597 ). A reaction may also be characterized by its "chemofidelity", that is, its reliable reaction with a functional group in any molecular context. For example, ketone reduction by an electride (dissolving metal conditions) exhibits high chemofidelity but low chemoselectivity: it usually works, but many other functional groups are reduced at similar rates. Conversely, alkene coordination chemistry effected by π Lewis acids can exhibit high chemoselectivity ( Trost , B. M. Science 1983 , 219 , 245 ) but low chemofidelity: it can be highly selective for alkenes but sensitive to the substitution pattern ( Larionov , E. Chem. Commun. 2014 , 50 , 9816 ). In contrast, alkenes undergo reliable, robust, and diverse hydrogen atom transfer reactions from metal hydrides to generate carbon-centered radicals. Although there are many potential applications of this chemistry, its functional group tolerance, high rates, and ease of execution have led to its rapid deployment in complex synthesis campaigns. Its success derives from high chemofidelity, that is, its dependable reactivity in many molecular environments and with many alkene substitution patterns. Metal hydride H atom transfer (MHAT) reactions convert diverse, simple building blocks to more stereochemically and functionally dense products ( Crossley , S. W. M. Chem. Rev. 2016 , 116 , 8912 ). When hydrogen is returned to the metal, MHAT can be considered the radical equivalent of Brønsted acid catalysis-itself a broad reactivity paradigm. This Account summarizes our group's contributions to method development, reagent discovery, and mechanistic interrogation. Our earliest contribution to this area-a stepwise hydrogenation with high chemoselectivity and high chemofidelity-has found application to many problems. More recently, we reported the first examples of dual-catalytic cross-couplings that rely on the merger of MHAT cycles and nickel catalysis. With time, we anticipate that MHAT will become a staple of chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Steven W. M. Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeishla L. M. Matos
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sophia L. Shevick
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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28
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Zhang YQ, Zhu XQ, Chen YB, Tan TD, Yang MY, Ye LW. Synthesis of Isothiochroman-3-ones via Metal-Free Oxidative Cyclization of Alkynyl Thioethers. Org Lett 2018; 20:7721-7725. [PMID: 30444375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel Brønsted acid-catalyzed oxidative C-H functionalization of alkynyl thioethers has been developed. This method allows the practical synthesis of valuable isothiochroman-3-ones in mostly moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions and features a broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance. Moreover, this metal-free oxidation can also be used to promote formal N-H insertion involving an unexpected 1,2-sulfur migration, affording useful 1,4-benzothiazin-3-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Zhang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhu
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yang-Bo Chen
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Tong-De Tan
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Ming-Yang Yang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
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29
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Zhang ZX, Zhu BH, Xie PX, Tang JQ, Li XL, Zhu C, Yin YW, Ye LW. Facile synthesis of α-alkoxyl amides via scandium-catalyzed oxidative reaction between ynamides and alcohols. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18308-18315. [PMID: 35541116 PMCID: PMC9080523 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03842b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient scandium-catalyzed oxidative reaction between ynamides and alcohols for the facile synthesis of various α-alkoxyl amides is reported in this paper. The reaction avoids the need for the use of α-diazo carbonyls which are unstable and may cause some safety concerns. Instead, by using alkynes as the starting materials, this protocol features readily available substrates, compatibility with a broad range of functional groups, simple procedure, mild reaction conditions, and high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Bo-Han Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Pei-Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jia-Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xin-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Ying-Wu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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30
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Liu X, Zhang ZX, Zhou B, Wang ZS, Zheng RH, Ye LW. Synthesis of α-keto imides through copper-catalyzed oxidation of N-sulfonyl ynamides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:10156-10159. [PMID: 29181478 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed N-oxide oxidation of N-sulfonyl ynamides is disclosed. This non-noble metal-catalyzed protocol enables facile and efficient access to valuable α-keto imides in generally good to excellent yields. Other notable features of this method include widespread availability of the substrates, compatibility with broad functional groups, a simple procedure, mild conditions, and in particular, no need to exclude moisture or air ("open flask").
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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31
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Kim SJ, Batey RA. Enantioselective isoquinuclidine synthesis via sequential Diels–Alder/visible-light photoredox C–C bond cleavage: a formal synthesis of the indole alkaloid catharanthine. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00849c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective formation of isoquinuclidines useful for alkaloid synthesis is achieved through an organocatalyzed Diels–Alder reaction of dihydropyridines with acrolein and a subsequent photoredox catalyzed oxidative deformylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Kim
- Davenport Research Laboratories
- Dept. of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Robert A. Batey
- Davenport Research Laboratories
- Dept. of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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32
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Shen WB, Sun Q, Li L, Liu X, Zhou B, Yan JZ, Lu X, Ye LW. Divergent synthesis of N-heterocycles via controllable cyclization of azido-diynes catalyzed by copper and gold. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1748. [PMID: 29170497 PMCID: PMC5701061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation by an N–O bond oxidant has proven to be a powerful method in organic synthesis during the past decade, because this approach would enable readily available alkynes as precursors in generating α-oxo gold carbenes. Among those, gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of dialkynes has received particular attention as this chemistry offers great potential to build structurally complex cyclic molecules. However, these alkyne oxidations have been mostly limited to noble metal catalysts, and, to our knowledge, non-noble metal-catalyzed reactions such as diyne oxidations have not been reported. Herein, we disclose a copper-catalyzed oxidative diyne cyclization, allowing the facile synthesis of a wide range of valuable pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-ones. Interestingly, by employing the same starting materials, the gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization leads to the divergent formation of synthetically useful pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles. Furthermore, the proposed mechanistic rationale for these cascade reactions is strongly supported by both control experiments and theoretical calculations. Fused N-heterocycles are structural motifs observed in natural products and bioactive compounds. Here, the authors developed divergent copper- and gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclizations of diynes to two types of tricyclic N-heterocycles and rationalized the product selectivity by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Long Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Juan-Zhu Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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33
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Allemann O, Cross RM, Brütsch MM, Radakovic A, Boger DL. Key analogs of a uniquely potent synthetic vinblastine that contain modifications of the C20' ethyl substituent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3055-3059. [PMID: 28551101 PMCID: PMC5538265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A key series of vinblastine analogs 7-13, which contain modifications to the C20' ethyl group, was prepared with use of two distinct synthetic approaches that provide modifications of the C20' side chain containing linear and cyclized alkyl groups or added functionalized substituents. Their examination revealed the unique nature of the improved properties of the synthetic vinblastine 6, offers insights into the origins of its increased tubulin binding affinity and 10-fold improved cell growth inhibition potency, and served to probe a small hydrophobic pocket anchoring the binding of vinblastine with tubulin. Especially noteworthy were the trends observed with substitution of the terminal carbon of the ethyl group that, with the exception of 9 (R=F vs H, equipotent), led to remarkably substantial reductions in activity (>10-fold): R=F (equipotent with H)>N3, CN (10-fold)>Me (50-fold)>Et (100-fold)>OH (inactive). This is in sharp contrast to the maintained (7) or enhanced activity (6) observed with its incorporation into a cyclic C20'/C15'-fused six-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Allemann
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - R Matthew Cross
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Manuela M Brütsch
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Aleksandar Radakovic
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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34
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Zhang Y, Xue Y, Luo T. An unexpected aziridination/rearrangement/oxidation tandem reaction leading to the total synthesis of (−)-mersicarpine. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Li Y, Li J, Ding H, Li A. Recent advances on the total synthesis of alkaloids in mainland China. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlkaloids are a large family of natural products that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. Because of their intriguing structures and important functions, they have long been popular targets for synthetic organic chemists. China's chemists have made significant progress in the area of alkaloid synthesis over past decades. In this article, selected total syntheses of alkaloids from research groups in mainland China during the period 2011–16 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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36
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Yuan H, Guo Z, Luo T. Synthesis of (+)-Lysergol and Its Analogues To Assess Serotonin Receptor Activity. Org Lett 2017; 19:624-627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haosen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and ‡Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences,
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhixian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and ‡Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences,
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and ‡Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences,
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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37
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Liu ZW, Tang BQ, Zhang QH, Wang WJ, Huang XJ, Zhang J, Shi L, Zhang XQ, Ye WC. Ervaoffines E–G, three iboga-type alkaloids featuring ring C cleavage and rearrangement from Ervatamia officinalis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03411c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel alkaloids (1–3) reveal the high structural plasticity of ring C in iboga-type alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ben-Qin Tang
- Department of Medical Science
- Shunde Polytechnic
- Foshan 528333
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
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