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Shi Z, Dong S, Liu T, Wang WZ, Li N, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Ye KY. Electrochemical cascade migratory versus ortho-cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2827-2832. [PMID: 38404399 PMCID: PMC10882495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient control over several possible reaction pathways of free radicals is the chemical basis of their highly selective transformations. Among various competing reaction pathways, sulfonimidyl radicals generated from the electrolysis of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides undergo cascade migratory or ortho-cyclization cyclization selectively. It is found that the incorporation of an extra 2-methyl substituent biases the selective migration of the acyl- over vinyl-linker of the key spirocyclic cation intermediate and thus serves as an enabling handle to achieve the synthetically interesting yet under-investigated cascade migratory cyclization of spirocyclic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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2
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Valdés-Maqueda Á, López L, Plaza M, Valdés C. Synthesis of substituted benzylboronates by light promoted homologation of boronic acids with N-sulfonylhydrazones. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13765-13775. [PMID: 38075646 PMCID: PMC10699570 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of benzylboronates by photochemical homologation of boronic acids with N-tosylhydrazones under basic conditions is described. The reaction involves the photolysis of the N-tosylhydrazone salt to give a diazoalkane followed by the geminal carboborylation of the diazoalkane. Under the mild reaction conditions, the protodeboronation of the unstable benzylboronic acid is circumvented and the pinacolboronates can be isolated after reaction of the benzylboronic acid with pinacol. The metholodogy has been applied to the reactions of alkylboronic acids with N-tosylhydrazones of aromatic aldehydes and ketones, and to the reactions of arylboronic acids with N-tosylhydrazones of aliphatic ketones. Moreover, the employment of the DBU/DIPEA bases combination allows for homogeneous reactions which have been adapted to photochemical continuous flow conditions. Additionally, the synthetic versatility of boronates enables their further transformation via Csp3-C or Csp3-X bond forming reactions converting this methodology into a novel method for the geminal difunctionalization of carbonyls via N-tosylhydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Valdés-Maqueda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo C/Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo C/Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Manuel Plaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo C/Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo C/Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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3
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Hu K, He YX, Lei ZY, Ran Y, Geng S, Chen LN, Pan L, Li YL, Huang F. Photocatalytic Intramolecular Alkene Hydroamination of N-Alkoxy Ureas: An Approach to Imidazolinones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12727-12737. [PMID: 37596973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolinones were obtained in good yields by intramolecular hydroamination of N-alkoxy ureas in the presence of an organic photocatalyst and an inorganic base. In this reaction, the N-alkoxy urea anion generated by deprotonation undergoes photocatalyzed single-electron-transfer oxidation to generate the corresponding radical, which cyclizes to afford the imidazolinone ring. This new protocol grants access to an array of complex molecules containing a privileged imidazolinone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Xiang He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ran
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Shu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
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4
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Jha RK, Batabyal M, Kumar S. Blue Light Irradiated Metal-, Oxidant-, and Base-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of C( sp2)-H and N-H Bonds: Amination of Naphthoquinones with Amines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37171187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a blue-light-driven amination of C(sp2)-H bond of naphthoquinones and quinones with the N-H bond of primary and secondary amines for the synthesis of 2-amino-naphthoquinones and 2-amino-quinones. The coupling of naphthoquinones with a wide array of aliphatic, aromatic, chiral, primary, and secondary amines having electron donating (-CH3, -OCH3, -SCH3), withdrawing (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), and CO2H, -OH, -NH2 groups with acidic protons selectively occurred to afford C-N coupled 2-amino-naphthoquinones in 60-99% yields and hydrogen gas as a byproduct in methanol solvent without using any additional reagents, additives, and oxidant under the blue light irradiation. Mechanistic insight by DFT computation, controlled experiments, kinetic isotopic effect, and substitution effect of the substrates suggest that the reaction proceeds by radical pathway in which naphthoquinone forms a highly oxidizing naphthoquinonyl biradical upon irradiation of blue light (457 nm). Consequently, electron transfer from electron-rich amine to an oxidizing naphthoquinonyl biradical leads to a naphthoquinonyl radical anion and aminyl radical cation, followed by proton transfer and delocalization leading to a carbon-centered naphthoquinonyl radical. The cross-coupling of naphthoquinonyl carbon-centered and aminyl nitrogen radicals forms a C-N bond, with subsequent elimination of hydrogen gas (which was also confirmed by GC-TCD), affording 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone under metal-, reagent-, base-, and oxidant-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Monojit Batabyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
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5
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Zhen G, Zeng G, Jiang K, Wang F, Cao X, Yin B. Visible-Light-Induced Diradical-Mediated ipso-Cyclization towards Double Dearomative [2+2]-Cycloaddition or Smiles-Type Rearrangement. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203217. [PMID: 36460618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
When mono-radical ipso-cyclization of aryl sulfonamides tend to undergo Smiles-type rearrangement through aromatization-driven C-S bond cleavage, diradical-mediated cyclization must perform in a distinct reaction pathway. It is interesting meanwhile challenging to tune the rate of C-S bond cleavage to achieve a chemically divergent reaction of (hetero) aryl sulfonamides in a visible-light induced energy transfer (EnT) reaction pathway involving diradical species. Herein a chemically divergent reaction based on the designed indole-tethered (hetero)arylsulfonamides is reported which involves a diradical-mediated ipso-cyclization and a controllable cleavage of an inherent C-S bond. The combined experimental and computational results have revealed that the cleavage of the C-S bond in these substrates can be controlled by tuning the heteroaryl moieties: a) If the (hetero)aryl is thienyl, furyl, phenanthryl, etc., the radical coupling of double dearomative diradicals (DDDR) precedes over C-S bond cleavage to afford cyclobutene fused indolines by double dearomative [2+2]-cycloaddition; b) if the (hetero)aryl is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, indolyl etc., the cleavage of C-S bond in DDDR is favored over radical coupling to afford biaryl products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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6
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Goulart HA, Araujo DR, Barcellos AM, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ, Perin G. One‐pot Sequential Strategy to Prepare Organoselanyl and Organotellanyl Isoquinolinium Imides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen A. Goulart
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel 96010-900 Postbox 534 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Daniela R. Araujo
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel 96010-900 Postbox 534 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Angelita M. Barcellos
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel 96010-900 Postbox 534 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel 96010-900 Postbox 534 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel 96010-900 Postbox 534 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel 96010-900 Postbox 534 Pelotas RS Brazil
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7
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Cai X, Song X, Zhu Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Concise Synthesis of Spirocyclic Dihydrophthalazines through Spiroannulation Reactions of Aryl Azomethine Imines with Cyclic Diazo Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11048-11062. [PMID: 35921479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spiroannulation reactions are fundamental and invaluable for the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. Presented herein are novel cascade reactions of aryl azomethine imines with cyclic diazo compounds leading to the formation of spirocyclic dihydrophthalazine derivatives. Based on experimental mechanistic studies, the formation of the title products is believed to go through azomethine imine-assisted cylcometalation, Rh-carbene formation through dediazonization, and migratory insertion followed by reductive elimination and azomethine imine ring opening. Control experiments revealed that air acts as an effective and sustainable co-oxidant to facilitate the cascade reaction. In general, this concise synthesis of the unprecedented spirocyclic dihydrophthalazine derivatives has advantages such as easily accessible substrates, good functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency and selectivity, and excellent atom-economy. In addition, the value of this protocol is underlined by its ready scalability and divergent derivation of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xia Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Qiuhui Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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8
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Boiledieu W, De Abreu M, Cuyamendous C, Lamaa D, Belmont P, Brachet E. Photoredox synthesis of 6- and 7-membered ring scaffolds via N-centered radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9206-9209. [PMID: 35894850 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Containing heterocycles are important scaffolds due to their ubiquitous presence in bioactive compounds. Their synthesis has been considered as an important research field. In this work we report the access to 6- and 7-membered rings via a photoinduced strategy. To our knowledge, this work represents the first exemple of photo-induced 7-endo-trig cyclization with N-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Boiledieu
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Maxime De Abreu
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Claire Cuyamendous
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Diana Lamaa
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Belmont
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Etienne Brachet
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006 Paris, France.
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9
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Facile synthesis of 1-substituted 4-H phthalazine, a versatile scaffold for chemically diverse phthalazines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Reddy MB, Prasanth K, Anandhan R. Controlled Photochemical Synthesis of Substituted Isoquinoline-1,3,4(2 H)-triones, 3-Hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones, and Phthalimides via Amidyl Radical Cyclization Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:3674-3679. [PMID: 35549291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a controlled radical cyclization cascade of isoquinoline-1,3,4(2H)-triones, 3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones, and phthalimides from o-alkynylated benzamides by metal-free photoredox catalyzed amidyl N-centered radical addition to the C-C triple bond using the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process under mild reaction conditions. A time tunable synthesis of 3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones and phthalimides via β-carbonyl-C(sp3) bond cleavage was also achieved under visible light irradiation. A mechanistic rationale for the radical cyclization cascade is supported by various control and quenching experiments as well as EPR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kesavan Prasanth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, India
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11
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Greaney MF, Whalley DM. Recent Advances in the Smiles Rearrangement: New Opportunities for Arylation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1710-6289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe Smiles rearrangement has undergone a renaissance in recent years providing new avenues for non-canonical arylation techniques in both the radical and polar regimes. This short review will discuss recent applications of the reaction (from 2017 to late 2021), including its relevance to areas such as heterocycle synthesis and the functionalization of alkenes and alkynes as well as glimpses at new directions for the field.1 Introduction2 Polar Smiles Rearrangements3 Radical Smiles: Alkene and Alkyne Functionalization4 Radical Smiles: Rearrangements via C–X Bond Cleavage5 Radical Smiles: Miscellaneous Rearrangements6 Conclusions
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12
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Lei ZY, Hu K, He YX, Geng S, Chen LN, Zou S, Pan L, Ding ZJ, Huang F. Visible light-induced N-radical 5-exo/ 6-endo cyclization of alkenyl amides: facile access to isoindolinones/isoquinolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2397-2401. [PMID: 35262164 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient N-centered radical intramolecular cyclization reaction of alkenyl amides induced by visible light was described. In this process, an alkenyl amide underwent 5-exo/6-endo cyclization to selectively yield two critical alkaloid structures, namely isoindolinones and isoquinolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China.
| | - Kui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, PR China
| | - Yuan-Xiang He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, PR China
| | - Shu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Zou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China.
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China.
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13
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Hassan Nazmy M, Ahmed Mekheimer R, Shoman ME, Abo-Elsebaa M, Abd-Elmonem M, Usef Sadek K. Controlled microwave-assisted reactions: A facile synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted phthalazines as dual EGFR and PI3K inhibitors in CNS SNB-75 cell line. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105740. [PMID: 35298961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are stubborn cancers with poor prognosis and disappointing survival rates. Targeted cancer therapeutics with higher efficacy and lower resistance are highly demanded. An efficient one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized phthalazines derivatives was developed by reacting ethyl 1-aryl-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazine-carboxylates with cinnamonitrile derivatives and the cycloaddition reaction of thieno[3,4-d]pyridazines with activated double or triple bond systems under controlled microwave heating with high yields. The resultant synthesized phthalazines (5a-e, 9 and 13) were tested for their in vitro anti-cancer activities by using in vitro one dose assay at National Cancer institute, USA. Only phthalazine (5b) showed broad spectrum anti-tumor activity against most tested cancer cell lines from all subpanels with mean % GI = 22.61. Interestingly, all tested compounds showed varying growth inhibitory activity against a particular cell line, CNS SNB-75 cell line, but (5b) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory activity against CNS-SNB-75 cell line with (GI% = 108.81) and (IC50 = 3.703 ± 0.2) compared to erlotinib; (IC50 = 12.5 ± 0.68). It caused Pre-G1 apoptosis and growth arrest at S phase. It also increased percentage of the total apoptotic cells in CNS-SNB-75 cell line (39.26%) compared to control cells (2.17%) in the annexin V-FITC experiment. It revealed pronounced EGFR inhibitory activity (IC50 = 47.27 ± 2.41 ng/mL) compared to erlotinib (IC50 = 30.7 ± 1.56 ng/mL). It also inhibited the different PI3K isoforms α, β, γ and δ (with IC50 of 4.39, 13.6, 12.5 and 3.11 μg/mL, respectively compared to LY294002 (with IC50 of 12.7, 8.57, 6.89 and 5.7 μg/mL, respectively). It also caused significant lower protein expression levels of pPI3K, AKT, pAKT and Bcl2 and higher protein expression levels of BAX, Casp3 and Casp9 when compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: Phthalazine (5b) may be an effective, convenient and safe anti-cancer agent acting via proapoptotic and dual EGFR and PI3K kinase inhibitory actions in CNS SNB-75 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | | | - Mai E Shoman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abo-Elsebaa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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14
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Mekheimer RA, Abd-Elmonem M, Abou Elsebaa M, Nazmy MH, Sadek KU. Recent developments in the green synthesis of biologically relevant cinnolines and phthalazines. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Both cinnolines and phthalazines are heterocyclic compounds which have a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological profiles. This work represents the recent advances in the green synthesis of cinnolines and phthalazines as 1,2 and 2,3-diazanaphalenes were cited. The docking studies and mode of action for key scaffolds were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abou Elsebaa
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
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15
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Kwon K, Simons RT, Nandakumar M, Roizen JL. Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2353-2428. [PMID: 34623809 PMCID: PMC8792374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. This review summarizes the recent paradigm shift in access to and application of N-centered radicals enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. This shift broadens and streamlines approaches to many small molecules because visible-light photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention is paid to innovative advances in N-X bonds as radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, and H. For clarity, key mechanistic data is noted, where available. Synthetic applications and limitations are summarized to illuminate the tremendous utility of photocatalytically generated nitrogen-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kwon
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - R Thomas Simons
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
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16
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Abstract
Radical aryl migrations are powerful techniques to forge new bonds in aromatic compounds. The growing popularity of photoredox catalysis has led to an influx of novel strategies to initiate and control aryl migration starting from widely available radical precursors. This review encapsulates progress in radical aryl migration enabled by photochemical methods─particularly photoredox catalysis─since 2015. Special attention is paid to descriptions of scope, mechanism, and synthetic applications of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Efrey A. Noten
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Chu XQ, Ge D, Cui YY, Shen ZL, Li CJ. Desulfonylation via Radical Process: Recent Developments in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12548-12680. [PMID: 34387465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the "chemical chameleon", sulfonyl-containing compounds and their variants have been merged with various types of reactions for the efficient construction of diverse molecular architectures by taking advantage of their incredible reactive flexibility. Currently, their involvement in radical transformations, in which the sulfonyl group typically acts as a leaving group via selective C-S, N-S, O-S, S-S, and Se-S bond cleavage/functionalization, has facilitated new bond formation strategies which are complementary to classical two-electron cross-couplings via organometallic or ionic intermediates. Considering the great influence and synthetic potential of these novel avenues, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly expanding area by discussing the reaction designs, substrate scopes, mechanistic studies, and their limitations, outlining the state-of-the-art processes involved in radical-mediated desulfonylation and related transformations. With a specific emphasis on their synthetic applications, we believe this review will be useful for medicinal and synthetic organic chemists who are interested in radical chemistry and radical-mediated desulfonylation in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Danhua Ge
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Ying Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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19
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Oh H, Ryou B, Park J, Kim M, Choi JH, Park CM. Synthesis of Bicyclic N-Heterocycles via Photoredox Cycloaddition of Imino-Alkynes and Imino-Alkenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryou
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jinhwi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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20
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Wu X, Ma Z, Feng T, Zhu C. Radical-mediated rearrangements: past, present, and future. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11577-11613. [PMID: 34661216 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions, one of the most significant transformations in organic chemistry, play an irreplaceable role in improving synthetic efficiency and molecular complexity. Concomitant cleavage and reconstruction of chemical bonds can display the great artistry and the glamour of synthetic chemistry. Over the past century, ionic rearrangement reactions, in particular those involving cationic pathways, have represented most of the research. Alongside the renaissance of radical chemistry, radical-mediated rearrangements have recently seen a rapid increase of attention from the chemical community. Many new radical rearrangements that extensively reveal the migratory behaviour of functional groups have been unveiled in the last decade. This Review provides a comprehensive perspective on the area from the past to present achievements, and brings up the prospects that may inspire colleagues to develop more useful synthetic tools based on radical rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Whalley DM, Seayad J, Greaney MF. Truce–Smiles Rearrangements by Strain Release: Harnessing Primary Alkyl Radicals for Metal‐Free Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Whalley
- School of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences 8 Biomedical Grove Neuros, #07-01 138665 Singapore
| | - Jayasree Seayad
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences 8 Biomedical Grove Neuros, #07-01 138665 Singapore
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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22
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Whalley DM, Seayad J, Greaney MF. Truce-Smiles Rearrangements by Strain Release: Harnessing Primary Alkyl Radicals for Metal-Free Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22219-22223. [PMID: 34370898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening of 3-aminocyclobutanone oximes enables easy generation of primary alkyl radicals, capable of undergoing an unprecedented strain-release, desulfonylative radical Truce-Smiles rearrangement, providing divergent access to valuable 1,3 diamines and unnatural β-amino acids. Characterized by mild conditions and wide scope of migrating species, this protocol allows the modular assembly of sp3 -aryls under transition metal-free, room-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Whalley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01, 138665, Singapore
| | - Jayasree Seayad
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01, 138665, Singapore
| | - Michael F Greaney
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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23
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Chen P, Xie J, Chen Z, Xiong B, Liu Y, Yang C, Tang K. Visible‐Light‐Mediated Nitrogen‐Centered Radical Strategy: Preparation of 3‐Acylated Spiro[4,5]trienones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang Hunan 414006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang Hunan 414006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang Hunan 414006 People's Republic of China
| | - Bi‐Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang Hunan 414006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang Hunan 414006 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang‐An Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang Hunan 414006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke‐Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang Hunan 414006 People's Republic of China
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24
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Tripathy AR, Yedase GS, Yatham VR. Cerium photocatalyzed radical smiles rearrangement of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25207-25210. [PMID: 35478894 PMCID: PMC9037003 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein a cerium photocatalyzed aryl migration from an aryl ether to a carboxylic acid group through radical-Smiles rearrangement. This operationally simple protocol utilizes inexpensive CeCl3 as a photocatalyst and converted a variety of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids into aryl-2-hydroxybenzoates in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani Tripathy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Girish Suresh Yedase
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
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25
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Gao QS, Niu Z, Chen Y, Sun J, Han WY, Wang JY, Yu M, Zhou MD. Photoredox Generation of N-Centered Hydrazonyl Radicals Enables the Construction of Dihydropyrazole-Fused gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:6153-6157. [PMID: 34269587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient visible-light-promoted N-radical-mediated tandem radical cyclization/defluorinated alkylation of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones, and α-trifluoromethyl alkenes is described. This protocol provides a general and effective route to synthesize various dihydropyrazole-fused gem-difluoroalkenes at moderate to excellent yields under redox-neutral, metal-free, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Sheng Gao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Zhuo Niu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Wei-Ying Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jing-Yun Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ming-Dong Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
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26
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Latrache M, Hoffmann N. Photochemical radical cyclization reactions with imines, hydrazones, oximes and related compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7418-7435. [PMID: 34047736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions are a key method to generate radical intermediates. Often under these conditions no toxic reagents are necessary. During recent years, photo-redox catalytic reactions considerably push this research domain. These reaction conditions are particularly mild and safe which enables the transformation of poly-functional substrates into complex products. The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is particularly important since they play an important role in the research of biologically active products. In this review, photochemical radical cyclization reactions of imines and related compounds such as oximes, hydrazones and chloroimines are presented. Reaction mechanisms are discussed and the structural diversity and complexity of the products are presented. Radical intermediates are mainly generated in two ways: (1) electronic excitation is achieved by light absorption of the substrates. (2) The application of photoredox catalysis is now systematically studied for these reactions. Recently, also excitation of charge transfer complexes has been studied in this context from many perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
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27
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Chen F, Shao Y, Li M, Yang C, Su SJ, Jiang H, Ke Z, Zeng W. Photocatalyzed cycloaromatization of vinylsilanes with arylsulfonylazides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3304. [PMID: 34083532 PMCID: PMC8175346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sila-molecules have recently attracted attention due to their promising applications in medical and industrial fields. Compared with all-carbon parent compounds, the different covalent radius and electronegativity of silicon from carbon generally endow the corresponding sila-analogs with unique biological activity and physicochemical properties. Vinylsilanes feature both silyl-hyperconjugation effect and versatile reactivities, developing vinylsilane-based Smiles rearrangement will therefore provide an efficient platform to assemble complex silacycles. Here we report a practical Ir(III)-catalyzed cycloaromatization of ortho-alkynylaryl vinylsilanes with arylsulfonyl azides for delivering naphthyl-fused benzosiloles under visible-light photoredox conditions. The combination of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) energy profiles reveals the reaction mechanism involving α-silyl radical Smiles rearrangement. Arene-fused siloles have attracted interest due to their promising applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, the authors report Ir(III)-catalyzed cycloaromatization of ortho-alkynylaryl vinylsilanes with arylsulfonyl azides via α-silyl radical Smiles rearrangement for accessing naphthyl-fused benzosiloles under visible-light photoredox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium-Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce-Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11272-11277. [PMID: 33830592 PMCID: PMC8252078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (Truce–Smiles rearrangement) of the anions of 2‐benzyl benzanilides leads to triarylmethanes in an operationally simple manner. The reaction succeeds even without electronic activation of the ring that plays the role of electrophile in the SNAr reaction, being accelerated instead by the preferred conformation imposed by the tertiary amide tether. The amide substituent of the product may be removed or transformed into alternative functional groups. A ring‐expanding variant (n to n+4) of the reaction provided a route to doubly benzo‐fused medium ring lactams of 10 or 11 members. Hammett analysis returned a ρ value consistent with the operation of a partially concerted reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mehul H Jesani
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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29
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Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium‐Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce–Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Mehul H. Jesani
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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30
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De Abreu M, Belmont P, Brachet E. Light-Enabled Radical 1,4-Aryl Migration Via a Phospho-Smiles Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3758-3767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Abreu
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Brachet
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
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31
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Zhou L, Liu X, Lu H, Deng G, Liang Y, Yang Y, Li JH. Copper-catalyzed [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] carboannulation of dienynes and arylsulfonyl chlorides enabled by Smiles rearrangement: access to cyclopenta[ a]indene-fused quinolinones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A radical Smiles rearrangement strategy for allowing an unprecedented [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] carboannulation of dienynes with arylsulfonyl chlorides using cheap copper catalysis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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32
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Tu JL, Tang W, Liu F. Photoredox-neutral alkene aminoarylation for the synthesis of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A mild and redox-neutral protocol is developed for the synthesis of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazines via photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
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33
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Huynh M, De Abreu M, Belmont P, Brachet E. Spotlight on Photoinduced Aryl Migration Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 27:3581-3607. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huynh
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Maxime De Abreu
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Etienne Brachet
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
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34
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Xie C, Yang D, Wang X, Ma C. A Cascade Reaction of Michael Addition and Truce-Smiles Rearrangement to Synthesize Trisubstituted 4-Quinolone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14937-14944. [PMID: 33146531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel transition-metal-free cascade reaction to synthesize 4-quinolone derivatives has been demonstrated. Michael addition and Truce-Smiles rearrangement are included in this protocol, providing a broad scope of 4-quinolones in moderate-to-excellent yields. This work serves as an example of the use of sulfonamides through Truce-Smiles rearrangement to build heterocyclic compounds under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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35
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Zaib S, Khan I. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phthalazines: Recent developments, opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104425. [PMID: 33157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused diaza-heterocycles constitute the core structure of numerous bioactive natural products and effective therapeutic drugs. Among them, phthalazines have been recognized as remarkable structural leads in medicinal chemistry due to their wide application in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accessing such challenging pharmaceutical agents/drug candidates with high chemical complexity through synthetically efficient approaches remains an attractive goal in the contemporary medicinal chemistry and drug discovery arena. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the synthetic routes towards the generation of phthalazine-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their biological potential against various targets. The general reaction scope of these innovative and easily accessible strategies was emphasized focusing on the functional group tolerance, substrate and coupling partner compatibility/limitation, the choice of catalyst, and product diversification. These processes were also accompanied by the mechanistic insights where deemed appropriate to demonstrate meaningful information. Moreover, the rapid examination of the structure-activity relationship analyses around the phthalazine core enabled by the pharmacophore replacement/integration revealed the generation of robust, efficient, and more selective compounds with pronounced biological effects. A large variety of in silico methods and ADME profiling tools were also employed to provide a global appraisal of the pharmacokinetics profile of diaza-heterocycles. Thus, the discovery of new structural leads offers the promise of improving treatments for various tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among many others including various cancers, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. We hope this review would serve as an informative collection of structurally diverse molecules enabling the generation of mature, high-quality, and innovative routes to support the drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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36
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Khartabil H, Doudet L, Allart-Simon I, Ponce-Vargas M, Gérard S, Hénon E. Mechanistic insights into Smiles rearrangement. Focus on π-π stacking interactions along the radical cascade. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6840-6848. [PMID: 32845268 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new arene and heteroarene scaffolds of therapeutic interest has generated a renewed interest in the domino radical cyclisation-Smiles. In this work we present a detailed mechanistic investigation of the radical version of a cascade involving a desulfonative Smiles rearrangement on an aromatic ring bearing a sulfonamide linker. Competing routes have been explored to characterize the molecular mechanism of the studied reaction. The knowledge gained from previous experimental observations is explained through the energy profile obtained by means of quantum mechanical calculations. This study answers questions about the rate determining step and the type of mechanism involved (two-step or concerted). Supplementary rate constant calculations as well as quantum molecular dynamics support experimental observations. An IGM-δg analysis performed along the reaction path unveils and quantifies an intramolecular π-π stacking interaction accelerating the reaction. This novel post processing IGM-δg tool based on the electron density, turns out to be useful to monitor and quantify specific intramolecular weak interactions along a reaction path from wave functions. From this mechanistic investigation it turns out that Smiles rearrangement here takes place in two steps rather than in a direct intramolecular radical substitution. Furthermore, we show that chain length effects must be taken into account in the functionalization of new sulfonylated derivatives subjected to this radical cascade, given their influence in the reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khartabil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse 51687, Reims Cedex 02 BP39, France.
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37
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Fang Z, Qi L, Song J, Ren P, Hou C, Ji S, Wang L, Li W. PhI(OAc)
2
‐Promoted 1,2‐Diaza‐Cope Rearrangement of β,γ‐Unsaturated Hydrazones with Acetate/H
2
O: Access to Diacyl/Acyl
N
‐Allylhydrazines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo‐Yue Fang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Yan Song
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
| | - Pei‐Xing Ren
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
| | - Cong‐Ying Hou
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Chao Ji
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
| | - Li‐Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province Hebei University 180 Wusi Donglu 071002 Baoding P. R. China
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38
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Yan J, Cheo HW, Teo WK, Shi X, Wu H, Idres SB, Deng LW, Wu J. A Radical Smiles Rearrangement Promoted by Neutral Eosin Y as a Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer Photocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11357-11362. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Wen Cheo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Kiat Teo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Shabana Binte Idres
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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39
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Jiang X, Wei X, Lin F, Zhang Z, Yao G, Yang S, Zhao W, Zhao C, Xu H. Substrate-Controlled [5+1] Annulation of 5-Amino-1H
-phenylpyrazoles with Alkenes: Divergent Synthesis of Multisubstituted 4,5-Dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a
]quinazolines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; South China Botanical Garden; 510650 Guangzhou China
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Guangkai Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
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40
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Wang P, Zhao Q, Xiao W, Chen J. Recent advances in visible-light photoredox-catalyzed nitrogen radical cyclization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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41
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Tashrifi Z, Mohammadi Khanaposhtani M, Biglar M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Recent Advances in Alkyne Hydroamination as a Powerful Tool for the Construction of C−N Bonds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tashrifi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
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42
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Yu XY, Zhao QQ, Chen J, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. When Light Meets Nitrogen-Centered Radicals: From Reagents to Catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1066-1083. [PMID: 32286794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) are a versatile class of highly reactive species that have a longer history than the classical carbon-based radicals in synthetic chemistry. Depending on the N-hybridization and substitution patterns, NCRs can serve as electrophiles or nucleophiles to undergo various radical transformations. Despite their power, progress in nitrogen-radical chemistry is still slow compared with the popularity of carbon radicals, and their considerable synthetic potential has been largely underexplored, which is, as concluded by Zard, mainly hampered by "a dearth of convenient access to these species and a lack of awareness pertaining to their reactivity".Over the past decade, visible-light photoredox catalysis has been established as a powerful toolbox that synthetic chemists can use to generate a diverse range of radical intermediates from native organic functional groups via a single electron transfer process or energy transfer under mild reaction conditions. This catalytic strategy typically obviates the need for external stoichiometric activation reagents or toxic initiators and often enables traditionally inaccessible ionic chemical reactions. On the basis of our long-standing interest in nitrogen chemistry and catalysis, we have emphasized the use of visible-light photoredox catalysis as a tactic to discover and develop novel methods for generating NCRs in a controlled fashion and synthetic applications. In this Account, we describe our recent advances in the development of visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed generation of NCRs and their synthetic applications.Inspired by the natural biological proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, we first developed a strategy of visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed oxidative deprotonation electron transfer to activate the N-H bonds of hydrazones, benzamides, and sulfonamides to give the corresponding NCRs under mild reaction conditions. With these reactive species, we then achieved a range of 5-exo and 6-endo radical cyclizations as well as cascade reactions in a highly regioselective manner, providing access to a variety of potentially useful nitrogen heterocycles. To further expand the repertoire of possible reactions of NCRs, we also revealed that iminyl radicals, derived from O-acyl cycloalkanone oxime esters, can undergo facile ring-opening C-C bond cleavage to give cyanoalkyl radicals. These newly formed radical species can further undergo a variety of C-C bond-forming reactions to allow the synthesis of diverse distally functionalized alkyl nitriles. Stimulated by these studies, we further developed a wide variety of visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling reactions of cyanoalkyl radicals. Because of their inherent highly reactive and transient properties, the strategy of heteroatom-centered radical catalysis is still largely underexplored in organic synthesis. Building on our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of NCRs, we also developed for the first time the concept of NCR covalent catalysis, which involves the use of in situ-photogenerated NCRs to activate allyl sulfones, vinylcyclopropanes, and N-tosyl vinylaziridines. This catalytic strategy has thus enabled efficient difunctionalization of various alkenes and late-stage modification of complex biologically active molecules.In this Account, we describe a panoramic picture of our recent contributions since 2014 to the development and application of the visible-light-driven photoredox systems in the field of NCR chemistry. These studies provide not only efficient methods for the synthesis of functionally rich molecules but also some insight into the exploration of new reactivity or reaction modes of NCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Yu
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Quan-Qing Zhao
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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43
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11600-11606. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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44
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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45
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Shi Z, Wang L, Yang Z, Jie L, Liu X, Cui X. Tandem Construction of Indole-Fused Phthalazines from (2-Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazines under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3029-3040. [PMID: 32031804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to invent diversely substituted indole-fused phthalazines from in situ formed (2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazines under metal-free conditions via selective radical cyclization has been developed. Notably, this 6-exo-dig addition-cyclization tandem procedure proceeds under air atmosphere and shows a broad substrate suitability, as well as avoids harmful byproducts, which complies with the concept of green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zi Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Lianghua Jie
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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46
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De Abreu M, Selkti M, Belmont P, Brachet E. Phosphoramidates as Transient Precursors of Nitrogen‐Centered Radical Under Visible‐Light Irradiation: Application to the Synthesis of Phthalazine Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Abreu
- Université de ParisCiTCoM, UMR CNRS 8038 F-75006 Paris France
| | - Mohamed Selkti
- Université de ParisCiTCoM, UMR CNRS 8038 F-75006 Paris France
| | | | - Etienne Brachet
- Université de ParisCiTCoM, UMR CNRS 8038 F-75006 Paris France
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47
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Wang ZS, Chen YB, Zhang HW, Sun Z, Zhu C, Ye LW. Ynamide Smiles Rearrangement Triggered by Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective Ketyl-Ynamide Coupling: Rapid Access to Functionalized Indoles and Isoquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3636-3644. [PMID: 32003986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, significant advances have been made on radical Smiles rearrangement. However, the eventually formed radical intermediates in these reactions are limited to the amidyl radical, except for the few examples initiated by a N-centered radical. Here, a novel and practical radical Smiles rearrangement triggered by photoredox-catalyzed regioselective ketyl-ynamide coupling is reported, which represents the first radical Smiles rearrangement of ynamides. This method enables facile access to a variety of valuable 2-benzhydrylindoles with broad substrate scope in generally good yields under mild reaction conditions. In addition, this chemistry can also be extended to the divergent synthesis of versatile 3-benzhydrylisoquinolines through a similar ketyl-ynamide coupling and radical Smiles rearrangement, followed by dehydrogenative oxidation. Moreover, such an ynamide Smiles rearrangement initiated by intermolecular photoredox catalysis via addition of external radical sources is also achieved. By control experiments, the reaction was shown to proceed via key ketyl radical and α-imino carbon radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yang-Bo Chen
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hao-Wen Zhang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhou Sun
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
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48
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Lawson CA, Dominey AP, Williams GD, Murphy JA. Visible light-mediated Smiles rearrangements and annulations of non-activated aromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11445-11448. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel and efficient visible light-mediated Smiles rearrangements and annulations progressing via a radical-cation intermediate catalytically generated with an acridinium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A. Lawson
- Chemical Development
- GSK
- Stevenage
- UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
| | | | | | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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49
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Whalley DM, Duong HA, Greaney MF. A visible light-mediated, decarboxylative, desulfonylative Smiles rearrangement for general arylethylamine syntheses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11493-11496. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A decarboxylative, desulfonylative Smiles rearrangement is reported for the synthesis of a wide range of biologically relevant arylethylamines, including fluorinated phenylethylamines, heterocyclic amphetamines and an unnatural amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Whalley
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
| | - Hung A. Duong
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore
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50
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Liu C, Cai C, Yuan C, Jiang Q, Fang Z, Guo K. Visible-light-promoted N-centered radical generation for remote heteroaryl migration. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7663-7670. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient visible-light-mediated organocatalyzed N–H heteroarylation was accomplished via remote heteroaryl ipso-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chen Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chengcheng Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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