1
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Guan W, Lu L, Jiang Q, Gittens AF, Wang Y, Novaes LFT, Klausen RS, Lin S. An Electrochemical Strategy to Synthesize Disilanes and Oligosilanes from Chlorosilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303592. [PMID: 37084266 PMCID: PMC10310474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Silanes are important compounds in industrial and synthetic chemistry. Here, we develop a general approach for the synthesis of disilanes as well as linear and cyclic oligosilanes via the reductive activation of readily available chlorosilanes. The efficient and selective generation of silyl anion intermediates, which are arduous to achieve by other means, allows for the synthesis of various novel oligosilanes by heterocoupling. In particular, this work presents a modular synthesis for a variety of functionalized cyclosilanes, which may give rise to materials with distinct properties from linear silanes but remain challenging synthetic targets. In comparison to the traditional Wurtz coupling, our method features milder conditions and improved chemoselectivity, broadening the functional groups that are compatible in oligosilane preparation. Computational studies support a mechanism whereby differential activation of sterically and electronically distinct chlorosilanes are achieved in an electrochemically driven radical-polar crossover mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, USA
| | - Lingxiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, USA
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD-21218, USA
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, USA
| | - Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, USA
| | - Rebekka S Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD-21218, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, USA
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2
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Zhao S, Deng ZY, Albalawi S, Wu Q, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhao XJ, Hou H, Hou S, Dong G, Yang Y, Shi J, Lambert CJ, Tan YZ, Hong W. Charge transport through single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions with atomic thickness. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5854-5859. [PMID: 35685781 PMCID: PMC9132082 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The van der Waals interactions (vdW) between π-conjugated molecules offer new opportunities for fabricating heterojunction-based devices and investigating charge transport in heterojunctions with atomic thickness. In this work, we fabricate sandwiched single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions via vdW interactions and characterize their electrical transport properties by employing the cross-plane break junction (XPBJ) technique. The experimental results show that the cross-plane charge transport through single-molecule junctions is determined by the size and layer number of molecular graphene in these junctions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the charge transport through molecular graphene in these molecular junctions is sensitive to the angles between the graphene flake and peripheral mesityl groups, and those rotated groups can be used to tune the electrical conductance. This study provides new insight into cross-plane charge transport in atomically thin junctions and highlights the role of through-space interactions in vdW heterojunctions at the molecular scale. Charge transport through single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions fabricated by a cross-plane break junction technique can be tuned at the atomic level.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ze-Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shadiah Albalawi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Lijue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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3
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Fang F, Jiang Q, Klausen RS. Poly(cyclosilane) Connectivity Tunes Optical Absorbance. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7834-7843. [PMID: 35467855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the influence of skeletal connectivity on the conformation-dependent optical properties of cyclosilane homo- and copolymers. 1,3-Linked cyclosilanes were bathochromically shifted by 20 nm in solution relative to 1,4-linked cyclosilanes, an effect reproduced by quantum chemical calculations on oligomeric model systems. Polysilane optical properties are conformation-dependent, and 1,3-linked cyclosilanes were hypothesized to adopt a favorable conformation unavailable to 1,4-linked cyclosilanes constrained to an endocyclic gauche conformation. Copolymerization of the isomeric cyclosilanes 1,3Si6 and 1,4Si6 afforded linear statistical copolymers, as characterized by 1H and 29Si NMR spectroscopies. The distinct connectivity of each comonomer was found to give rise to tunable absorption spectra, where the position of the absorption band systematically increased with the increased corporation of 1,3Si6. Computational studies pointed to conformation-dependent changes in orbital symmetry in shifting the most intense transition from the low-energy highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) → lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) transition to a higher-energy HOMO → LUMO + n transition. The results of these studies demonstrate for the first time the role of silicon skeletal connectivity in controlling conformation and optoelectronic properties and provide new insight into the structure-based design of solution-processable silicon-based polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rebekka S Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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4
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Garner MH, Koerstz M, Jensen JH, Solomon GC. Substituent Control of σ-Interference Effects in the Transmission of Saturated Molecules. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:282-288. [PMID: 36855417 PMCID: PMC9955259 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The single-molecule conductance of saturated molecules can potentially be fully suppressed by destructive quantum interference in their σ-system. However, only few molecules with σ-interference have been identified, and the structure-property relationship remains to be elucidated. Here, we explore the role of substituents in modulating the electronic transmission of saturated molecules. In functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, the transmission is suppressed by σ-interference when fluorine substituents are applied. For bicyclo[2.2.2]octasilane and -octagermanes, the transmission is suppressed when carbon-based substituents are used, and such molecules are likely to be highly insulating. For the carbon-based substituents, we find a strong correlation between the appropriate Hammett constants and the transmission. The substituent effect enables systematic optimization of the insulating properties of saturated molecular cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Garner
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mads Koerstz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan H. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,
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5
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Matsuo T, Yamaguchi T, Hirohata T, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Maeda Y, Kawachi A. Synthesis of Alkoxy‐Substituted Oligosilanes using [
β
‐(Alkoxy)disilanyl]lithium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Matsuo
- Major in Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Hosei University 3-7-2 Kajino-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8584 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamaguchi
- Major in Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Hosei University 3-7-2 Kajino-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8584 Japan
| | - Tomoki Hirohata
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry Hosei University 3-7-2 Kajino-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8584 Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Basic Chemistry Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Basic Chemistry Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University 4-1-1 Nukuikita-machi Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawachi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry Hosei University 3-7-2 Kajino-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8584 Japan
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6
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Zhang B, Garner MH, Li L, Campos LM, Solomon GC, Venkataraman L. Destructive quantum interference in heterocyclic alkanes: the search for ultra-short molecular insulators. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10299-10305. [PMID: 34476051 PMCID: PMC8386164 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing highly insulating sub-nanometer molecules is difficult because tunneling conductance increases exponentially with decreasing molecular length. This challenge is further enhanced by the fact that most molecules cannot achieve full conductance suppression with destructive quantum interference. Here, we present results for a series of small saturated heterocyclic alkanes where we show that conductance is suppressed due to destructive interference. Using the STM-BJ technique and density functional theory calculations, we confirm that their single-molecule junction conductance is lower than analogous alkanes of similar length. We rationalize the suppression of conductance in the junctions through analysis of the computed ballistic current density. We find there are highly symmetric ring currents, which reverse direction at the antiresonance in the Landauer transmission near the Fermi energy. This pattern has not been seen in earlier studies of larger bicyclic systems exhibiting interference effects and constitutes clear-cut evidence of destructive σ-interference. The finding of heterocyclic alkanes with destructive quantum interference charts a pathway for chemical design of short molecular insulators using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Marc H Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027 USA
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York New York 10027 USA .,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027 USA
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7
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Lainer T, Pillinger M, Fischer RC, Jones C, Haas M. New Strategies towards Bulky Bis(alkyl)‐ and Bis(silyl)‐ Substituted Polysilanes as Precursor Molecules for Desilylation and Dechlorination Experiments. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lainer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23, Clayton VIC, 3800 Australia
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23, Clayton VIC, 3800 Australia
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8
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Abstract
This article reviews the scope of inorganic cluster compounds interrogated in single-molecule break-junction measurements. This body of work lies at the intersection between the fields of inorganic cluster chemistry and single-molecule electronics, where discrete inorganic cluster molecules are used as the active components in molecular electronic circuitry. We explore the breadth of transition metal and main group cluster compounds that have been studied in single-cluster junctions, largely within the context of scanning tunnelling microscopy break-junction (STM-BJ) measurements. Our discussion centers on how the structure and bonding of inorganic cluster compounds give rise to desirable quantum transport effects such as room-temperature current blockade, sequential tunneling, voltage-gated conductance switching, destructive quantum interference, and high thermoelectric currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Siu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Joshua Y Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Matthew O Hight
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Timothy A Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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9
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin B. Kumar
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland 23 Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Erin M. Leitao
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland 23 Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington New Zealand
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11
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Marro EA, Folster CP, Press EM, Im H, Ferguson JT, Siegler MA, Klausen RS. Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Functionalized cis- and trans-Siladecalins. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17926-17936. [PMID: 31600060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of both diastereomers of an all-silicon analog of decalin. Carbocyclic decalin is a ubiquitous bicyclic structural motif. The siladecalin synthesis provides materials functionalized with either Si-Ph or Si-H groups, versatile entry points for further chemical diversification. The synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanes is significantly less precedented than the synthesis of asymmetric carbon centers, and strategies for control of relative stereochemistry in oligosilanes are hardly described. This study offers insights of potential generality, such as the epimerization of the cis-isomer to the thermodynamically downhill trans-isomer via a hypothesized pentavalent intermediate. Decalin is a classic example in the conformational analysis of organic ring systems, and the carbocyclic diastereomers have highly divergent conformational profiles. Like the carbocycle, we observe different conformational properties in cis- and trans-siladecalins with consequences for NMR spectroscopy, optical properties, and vibrational spectroscopy. This study showcases the utility of targeted synthesis for preparing complex and functionalized polycyclic silanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Marro
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Carlton P Folster
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Eric M Press
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Hoyeon Im
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - John T Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Rebekka S Klausen
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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12
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Garner MH, Li H, Neupane M, Zou Q, Liu T, Su TA, Shangguan Z, Paley DW, Ng F, Xiao S, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L, Solomon GC. Permethylation Introduces Destructive Quantum Interference in Saturated Silanes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15471-15476. [PMID: 31500410 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The single-molecule conductance of silanes is suppressed due to destructive quantum interference in conformations with cisoid dihedral angles along the molecular backbone. Yet, despite the structural similarity, σ-interference effects have not been observed in alkanes. Here we report that the methyl substituents used in silanes are a prerequisite for σ-interference in these systems. Through density functional theory calculations, we find that the destructive interference is not evident to the same extent in nonmethylated silanes. We find the same is true in alkanes as the transmission is significantly suppressed in permethylated cyclic and bicyclic alkanes. Using scanning tunneling microscope break-junction method we determine the single-molecule conductance of functionalized cyclohexane and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane that are found to be higher than that of equivalent permethylated silanes. Rather than the difference between carbon and silicon atoms in the molecular backbones, our calculations reveal that it is primarily the difference between hydrogen and methyl substituents that result in the different electron transport properties of nonmethylated alkanes and permethylated silanes. Chemical substituents play an important role in determining the single-molecule conductance of saturated molecules, and this must be considered when we improve and expand the chemical design of insulating organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Haixing Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Madhav Neupane
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Qi Zou
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Taifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States.,The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Timothy A Su
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
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13
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Garner MH, Koerstz M, Jensen JH, Solomon GC. The Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Motif: A Class of Saturated Group 14 Quantum Interference Based Single-Molecule Insulators. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6941-6947. [PMID: 30484655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The electronic transmission through σ-conjugated molecules can be fully suppressed by destructive quantum interference, which makes them potential candidates for single-molecule insulators. The first molecule with clear suppression of the single-molecule conductance due to σ-interference was recently found in the form of a functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octasilane. Here we continue the search for potential single-molecule insulators based on saturated group 14 molecules. Using a high-throughput screening approach, we assess the electron transport properties of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane class by systematically varying the constituent atoms between carbon, silicon, and germanium, thus exploring the full chemical space of 771 different molecules. The majority of the molecules in the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane class are found to be highly insulating molecules. Though the all-silicon molecule is a clear-cut case of σ-interference, it is not unique within its class and there are many potential molecules that we predict to be more insulating. The finding of this class of quantum interference based single-molecule insulators indicates that a broad range of highly insulating saturated group 14 molecules are likely to exist.
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14
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Li H, Garner MH, Shangguan Z, Chen Y, Zheng Q, Su TA, Neupane M, Liu T, Steigerwald ML, Ng F, Nuckolls C, Xiao S, Solomon GC, Venkataraman L. Large Variations in the Single-Molecule Conductance of Cyclic and Bicyclic Silanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15080-15088. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc H. Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | | | - Taifeng Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | | | | | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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15
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Wang M, Wang Y, Sanvito S, Hou S. The low-bias conducting mechanism of single-molecule junctions constructed with methylsulfide linker groups and gold electrodes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:054702. [PMID: 28789544 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minglang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beida Information Research (BIR), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shimin Hou
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beida Information Research (BIR), Tianjin 300457, China
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16
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Li X, Hu D, Tan Z, Bai J, Xiao Z, Yang Y, Shi J, Hong W. Supramolecular Systems and Chemical Reactions in Single-Molecule Break Junctions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:42. [PMID: 28337670 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The major challenges of molecular electronics are the understanding and manipulation of the electron transport through the single-molecule junction. With the single-molecule break junction techniques, including scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique and mechanically controllable break junction technique, the charge transport through various single-molecule and supramolecular junctions has been studied during the dynamic fabrication and continuous characterization of molecular junctions. This review starts from the charge transport characterization of supramolecular junctions through a variety of noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bond, π-π interaction, and electrostatic force. We further review the recent progress in constructing highly conductive molecular junctions via chemical reactions, the response of molecular junctions to external stimuli, as well as the application of break junction techniques in controlling and monitoring chemical reactions in situ. We suggest that beyond the measurement of single molecular conductance, the single-molecule break junction techniques provide a promising access to study molecular assembly and chemical reactions at the single-molecule scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Duan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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17
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Li H, Kim NT, Su TA, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C, Darancet P, Leighton JL, Venkataraman L. Mechanism for Si–Si Bond Rupture in Single Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16159-16164. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Li
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nathaniel T. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy A. Su
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - James L. Leighton
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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