1
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Berlanga I, Rosenkranz A. Covalent organic frameworks in tribology - A perspective. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103228. [PMID: 38901060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous materials formed through covalent bonds between organic building blocks. COFs uniquely combine a large surface area, an excellent stability, numerous abundant active sites, and tunable functionalities, thus making them highly attractive for numerous applications. Especially, their abundant active sites and weak interlayer interaction make these materials promising candidates for tribological research. Recently, notable attention has been paid to COFs as lubricant additives due to their excellent tribological performance. Our review aims at critically summarizing the state-of-art developments of 2D COFs in tribology. We discuss their structural and functional design principles, as well as synthetic strategies with a special focus on tribology. The generation of COF thin films is also assessed in detail, which can alleviate their most challenging drawbacks for this application. Subsequently, we analyze the existing state-of-the-art regarding the usage of COFs as lubricant additives, self-lubrication composite coatings, and solid lubricants at the nanoscale. Finally, critical challenges and future trends of 2D COFs in tribology are outlined to initiate and boost new research activities in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Berlanga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nuclei of Advanced MXenes for Sustainable Applications (AMXSA), Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Li R, Zhang L, Chen T, Wang D. On-Surface Two-Dimensional Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12521-12532. [PMID: 37651313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are molecularly thin networks consisting of monomers covalently linked in at least two directions in the molecular plane. Because of the unique structural features and emergent physicochemical properties, 2DPs promise application potentials in catalysis, chemical sensing, and organic electronic devices. On-surface synthesis is of great interest to fabricate 2DPs with atomic precision, and the properties of the 2DPs can be characterized in situ through scanning probe techniques. In this Perspective, we first introduce the recent developments of on-surface 2D polymerization, including the design principle, the synthetic reactions, and the factors affecting the synthesis of 2DPs on surface. Then, we summarize some major challenges in this field, including the fabrication of high-quality 2DPs and the study of the intrinsic electronic properties of 2DPs, and we discuss some of the available solutions to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longzhu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Cai ZF, Chen T, Wang D. Insights into the Polymerization Reactions on Solid Surfaces Provided by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2463-2472. [PMID: 36867434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the polymerization process at the molecular level is essential for the rational design and synthesis of polymers with controllable structures and properties. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is one of the most important techniques to investigate the structures and reactions on conductive solid surfaces, and it has successfully been used to reveal the polymerization process on the surface at the molecular level in recent years. In this Perspective, after a brief introduction of on-surface polymerization reactions and STM, we focus on the applications of STM in the study of the processes and mechanism of on-surface polymerization, from one-dimensional to two-dimensional polymerization reactions. We conclude by a discussion of the challenges and perspectives on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Porous organic polymers: a progress report in China. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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5
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Suleiman B, Abdullah CAC, Tahir MIM, Bahbouh L, Rahman MBA. Covalent organic frameworks: Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and their application in the environmental and agricultural sectors. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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6
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Li Z, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zha D, Hai Y, You L. Dynamic Covalent Reactions Controlled by Ring‐Chain Tautomerism of 2‐Formylbenzoic Acid. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
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7
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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Chen H, Feng G, Liang Q, Zhang E, Shen Y, Lei S, Hu W. An intermolecular hydrogen bond plays a determining role in product selection of a surface confined Schiff-base reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6495-6498. [PMID: 34100485 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we illustrate how the cooperation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and conformation flexibility leads to the formation of diverse complex covalent nanostructures on the surface, while the relative abundance of the final products can be further tuned by adjusting the molar ratio and concentration of monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guangyuan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Qiu Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Enbing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yongtao Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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9
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Drożdż W, Walczak A, Stefankiewicz AR. Simultaneous Formation of a Fully Organic Triply Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Org Lett 2021; 23:3641-3645. [PMID: 33904751 PMCID: PMC8289287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here we report the
simultaneous formation of doubly and triply
dynamic libraries as a result of exchange reactions between functionalized
organic building blocks. A combination of three different reversible
covalent linkages involving a boronate ester transesterification along
with an imine and disulfide exchange was employed to generate a new
type of fully organic triply dynamic molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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10
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Wang W, Zhao W, Xu H, Liu S, Huang W, Zhao Q. Fabrication of ultra-thin 2D covalent organic framework nanosheets and their application in functional electronic devices. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Frey L, Jarju JJ, Salonen LM, Medina DD. Boronic-acid-derived covalent organic frameworks: from synthesis to applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Modular, well-defined, and robust hierarchical functional materials are targets of numerous synthesis endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jenni J. Jarju
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura M. Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dana D. Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
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12
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Wen J, Zhu L, Li M. C-C Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2636-2651. [PMID: 33305907 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extension of conjugated polymers from 1D to 2D can not only significantly enhance the dissociation of charge and excitons, but also induce other advantages, such as high in-plane mechanical strength, large specific surface area and porosity, and more active centers. 2D conjugated polymers can be divided into C-C bonded 2D polymers based on C-C coupling reactions, and heteroatomic bonded 2D polymers based on reversible heteroatom coupling reactions. C-C bonded 2D polymers are generally more stable than heteroatomic bonded 2D polymers as the latter bonds are easily hydrolyzed. This Review mainly summarizes C-C coupling reactions that are suitable for synthesizing 2D conjugated polymers, and the properties of these 2D conjugated polymers are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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13
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Geng K, Arumugam V, Xu H, Gao Y, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: Polymer chemistry and functional design. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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14
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Wang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Tang L, Zeng G, Xu P, Chen M, Xiong T, Zhou C, Li X, Huang D, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Tang J. Covalent organic framework photocatalysts: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4135-4165. [PMID: 32421139 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the light of increasing energy demand and environmental pollution, it is urgently required to find a clean and renewable energy source. In these years, photocatalysis that uses solar energy for either fuel production, such as hydrogen evolution and hydrocarbon production, or environmental pollutant degradation, has shown great potential to achieve this goal. Among the various photocatalysts, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are very attractive due to their excellent structural regularity, robust framework, inherent porosity and good activity. Thus, many studies have been carried out to investigate the photocatalytic performance of COFs and COF-based photocatalysts. In this critical review, the recent progress and advances of COF photocatalysts are thoroughly presented. Furthermore, diverse linkers between COF building blocks such as boron-containing connections and nitrogen-containing connections are summarised and compared. The morphologies of COFs and several commonly used strategies pertaining to photocatalytic activity are also discussed. Following this, the applications of COF-based photocatalysts are detailed including photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO2 conversion and degradation of environmental contaminants. Finally, a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the future development of COF and COF-based photocatalysts are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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15
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Li Y, Chen W, Xing G, Jiang D, Chen L. New synthetic strategies toward covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2852-2868. [PMID: 32377651 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enable precise reticulation of organic building units into extended 2D and 3D open networks using strong covalent bonds to constitute predesignable topologies and tunable pore structures, presenting an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers. Although rapid progress and substantial achievements in COF chemistry over the past 15 years have been realised, highly efficient strategies and reproducible procedures still play a central role in achieving high-quality COFs and serve as a major driving force for the further advancement of this promising field. In this review, we focused on the key progress in synthesising high-quality COF crystallites and films by highlighting their uniqueness from the viewpoints of synthetic strategies and procedures. We discussed representative synthetic methods including mechanochemical synthesis, microwave synthesis, multicomponent reaction, multistep synthesis and linker exchange strategies to compare their features in producing COFs. We scrutinised the recently developed "two-in-one" molecular design strategy to showcase advantages in optimising synthetic conditions such as catalyst, monomer feeding rate and tolerance to functional groups. We analysed interfacial polymerisation for fabricating various COF films by emphasising their scope and applicability. Moreover, we proposed key underlying challenges to be solved and predicted future frontiers from the perspectives of synthesising high quality crystallites and films that are key to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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16
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Hieulle J, Silly F. Two-Dimensional Hydrogen-Bonded Nanoarchitecture Composed of Rectangular 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide and Boomerang-Shaped Molecules Resulting from the Dissociation of 1,3,5-Tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3964-3968. [PMID: 32149223 PMCID: PMC7057330 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) with the star-shaped 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) on Au(111) is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. PTCDI forms a compact canted arrangement on the gold surface. When TAPB is sublimated at a high temperature, the molecule dissociates into a 4-aminophenyl group and a boomerang-shaped compound. The boomerang molecule self-assembles with PTCDI to create a two-dimensional (2D) nanoarchitecture stabilized by N-H···O-C hydrogen bonds between the dissociated TAPB and PTCDI. The molecular ratio of this multicomponent structure is 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Silly
- E-mail: . Phone: +33(0)169088019. Fax: +33(0)169088446
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17
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Bilbao N, Martín C, Zhan G, Martínez-Abadía M, Sanz-Matı As A, Mateo-Alonso A, Harvey JN, Van der Auweraer M, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Anatomy of On-Surface Synthesized Boroxine Two-Dimensional Polymers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2354-2365. [PMID: 32011858 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) obtained from well-defined monomers via bottom-up fabrication strategies are promising materials that can extend the realm of inorganic 2D materials. The on-surface synthesis of such 2DPs is particularly popular, however the pathway complexity in the growth of such films formed on solid surfaces is poorly understood. In this contribution, we present a straightforward experimental protocol which allows the synthesis of large-area, defect-free 2DPs based on boroxine linkages at room temperature. We focus on unravelling the multiple pathways available to the polymerizing system for the spatial extension of the covalent bonds. Besides the anticipated 2DP, the system can evolve into self-assembled monolayers of partially fused monodisperse reaction products that are difficult to isolate by conventional synthetic methods or remain in the monomeric state. The access to each pathway can be controlled via monomer concentration and the choice of the solvent. Most importantly, the unpolymerized systems do not evolve into the corresponding 2DP upon annealing, indicating the presence of strong kinetic traps. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, we show reversibility in the polymerization process where the attachment and the detachment of monomers to 2DP crystallites could be monitored as a function of time. Finally, we show that the way the 2DP grows depends on the choice of the solvent. Using UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, we reveal that the dominant pathway for 2DP growth is via in-plane self-condensation of the monomers, whereas in the case of an aprotic solvent, the favored growth mode is via π stacking of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Bilbao
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Cristina Martín
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , 02071 Albacete , Spain
| | - Gaolei Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Marta Martínez-Abadía
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Ana Sanz-Matı As
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, and Physical Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, and Physical Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
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18
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Tian R, Fan X, Liu S, Li F, Yang F, Li Y, Luo Q, Hou C, Xu J, Liu J. Morphological Transformation between Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Self-Assembly of Imine-Boroxine Hybrid Polymer Nanocapsules and Thin Films via Linker Exchange. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900586. [PMID: 32022359 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Orthogonal dynamic covalent self-assembly is used as a facile method for constructing polymer hollow nanocapsules (NCs) and thin films. The bifunctional precursor 4-formylphenylboronic acid is symmetrically installed with a boronic acid group for the boroxine linkage, and an aldehyde group for the Schiff base reaction which can react with twofold symmetry linkers ethylenediamine and para phenylenediamine to attain polymer NCs and nanosheets. Owing to the reversibility of the imine linkages, the mutual morphological transformation between polymer NCs and thin films via an amine-imine-exchange strategy is successfully achieved. Multiple reversible covalent bonds allow the control the release of the load in polymer NCs using different techniques. This may be useful for designing stimulus-responsive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - XiaoTong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shengda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Feihu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Quan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
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19
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Schultz JF, Yang B, Jiang N. Direct observation of the geometric isomer selectivity of a reaction controlled via adsorbed bromine. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2726-2731. [PMID: 31950967 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09857g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methods to improve the specificity of stereoselective reactions are paramount to the viability of reaction-based processes. Surface-bound methods are a powerful means to carry out reactions with selectivity in the pursuit of specific products or nanoarchitectures through bottom-up assembly. The Ullmann-like coupling reaction has come to represent one of the most useful methods to form two-dimensional structures through covalent couplings of aromatic molecules following the dissociation of an aryl carbon-halide bond. The leaving halogen atoms are proven to remain adsorbed on the surface and can be deleterious to the fabrication of larger conjugated superstructures. However, on Au(100) we have found the leaving halogen atoms generate a new adsorbate surface that leads to geometric isomer selectivity compared to the unmodified metal surface. The covalent coupling of 3,6-dibromo-phenanthrenequinone (DBPQ) was studied and leaving bromine atoms were found to form self-assembled islands and modify the reconstruction of Au(100). Subsequently, the coupling reaction yielded total selectivity towards a radical trans dimer when surrounded by bromine atoms, while only cis dimers were observed on the undecorated Au surface. This selectivity induced by bromine networks on the surface ultimately results in another potent way to control the stereoselectivity of surface-bound coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
| | - Bing Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
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20
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Jin Y, Hu Y, Ortiz M, Huang S, Ge Y, Zhang W. Confined growth of ordered organic frameworks at an interface. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4637-4666. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00879a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review covers the recent design, synthesis, characterization, and property study of COF thin films and covalent monolayers through interfacial polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | | | - Yanqing Ge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
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21
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Li J, Jing X, Li Q, Li S, Gao X, Feng X, Wang B. Bulk COFs and COF nanosheets for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3565-3604. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current advances, structure-property relationship and future perspectives in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their nanosheets for electrochemical energy storage (EES) and conversion (EEC) are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xuechun Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Qingqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Siwu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xing Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
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22
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Cui D, Perepichka DF, MacLeod JM, Rosei F. Surface-confined single-layer covalent organic frameworks: design, synthesis and application. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2020-2038. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the state of the art of surface-confined single-layer covalent organic frameworks, focusing on reticular design, synthesis approaches, and exploring applications in host/guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | | | - Jennifer M. MacLeod
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
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23
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Cui D, Fang Y, MacLean O, Perepichka DF, Rosei F, Clair S. Covalent organic frameworks from a monomer with reduced symmetry: polymorphism and Sierpiński triangles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13586-13589. [PMID: 31657366 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of a covalent organic framework based on the low-symmetry 1,3-benzenediboronic acid precursor. Two distinct polymorphs are obtained, a honeycomb network and Sierpiński triangles, as elucidated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Control over polymorph formation was achieved by varying the precursor concentration for on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Oliver MacLean
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Clair
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada. and Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France.
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24
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Cao L, Yu Y, Zhou X, Lei S. Surface Confined Synthesis of Hydroxy Functionalized Two-Dimensional Polymer: The Effect of the Position of Hydroxy Groups. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2322-2326. [PMID: 31187935 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on the on-surface synthesis of a series of two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) and macrocycles containing hydroxyl groups on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. The formed 2DPs and macrocycles were visualized through scanning tunneling microscopy. By varying the solvent and reaction temperature, structural evolution from oligomers to well-ordered 2DPs or discrete macrocycles was directly followed. In addition, we discovered that the reaction outcome can be steered from extended 2DPs to discrete macrocycles or catenular structures by exchanging the position of the hydroxyl and aldehyde group. These results indicate that the relative positions of hydroxyl and aldehyde groups on the biphenyl ring play a determining role in the control and selection of the final products of the surface-confined Schiff base coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. of China
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25
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The interactions between the adsorbed molecules on the oil-water interface at various salt concentrations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Wang LM, Yue JY, Cao X, Wang D. Insight into the Transimination Process in the Fabrication of Surface Schiff-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6333-6339. [PMID: 31002521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of single-layered covalent organic frameworks (sCOFs) has been investigated by employing a 3-fold symmetric monomer 1 carrying aldehyde groups and the ditopic diamine building block 2 on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. The self-assembly of molecule 1 is persistently observed at the stoichiometric ratio of the reactive groups. The growth of sCOF network is observed, however, only at the excess of diamine monomers. By investigating the growth process of the sCOF network, the role of excessive diamine monomers can be understood by two aspects. Increasing the molar ratio of diamine monomer provides the driving force for the structural transition from the monomer self-assembly to the formation of the sCOF network. On the other hand, the excess diamine monomers provide basic environment for the transimination reaction and promote the formation of highly ordered sCOFs. The present work provides molecular understanding of the role of transimination reaction in imine-based COF synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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27
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Cai M, Li Y, Liu Q, Xue Z, Wang H, Fan Y, Zhu K, Ke Z, Su C, Li G. One-Step Construction of Hydrophobic MOFs@COFs Core-Shell Composites for Heterogeneous Selective Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802365. [PMID: 31016121 PMCID: PMC6468976 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of novel porous core-shell materials is of great significance because of their prospectively improved performance and extensive applications in separation, energy conversion, and catalysis. Here, mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) NH2-MIL-101(Fe) as a core generate a shell with mesoporous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) NUT-COF-1(NTU) by a covalent linking process, the composite NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@NTU keeping retentive crystallinity with hierarchical porosity well. Importantly, the NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@NTU composite shows significantly enhanced catalytic conversion and selectivity during styrene oxidation. It is mainly due to the hydrophilic MOF nanocrystals readily gathering the hydrophobic reactants styrene and boosting the radical mechanism path after combining the hydrophobic COFs shell. The synthetic strategy in this systematic study develops a new rational design for the synthesis of other core-shell MOF/COF-based hybrid materials, which can expand the promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Cai
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Yinle Li
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Ziqian Xue
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Haiping Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Yanan Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Kelong Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Cheng‐Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Guangqin Li
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
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28
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Clair S, de Oteyza DG. Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4717-4776. [PMID: 30875199 PMCID: PMC6477809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual reaction mechanisms. In some cases the reaction conditions can be properly tuned to steer the formation of the reaction products. It is thus possible to control the initiation step of the reaction and its degree of advancement (the kinetics, the reaction yield); the nature of the reaction products (selectivity control, particularly in the case of competing processes); as well as the structure, position, and orientation of the covalent compounds, or the quality of the as-formed networks in terms of order and extension. The aim of our review is thus to provide an extensive description of all tools and strategies reported to date and to put them into perspective. We specifically define the different approaches available and group them into a few general categories. In the last part, we demonstrate the effective maturation of the on-surface synthesis field by reporting systems that are getting closer to application-relevant levels thanks to the use of advanced control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix
Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center, San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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29
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Zhou Z, Zhang X, Xing L, Liu J, Kong A, Shan Y. Copper-assisted thermal conversion of microporous covalent melamine-boroxine frameworks to hollow B, N-codoped carbon capsules as bifunctional metal-free electrode materials. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Pigot C, Dumur F. Recent Advances of Hierarchical and Sequential Growth of Macromolecular Organic Structures on Surface. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040662. [PMID: 30813327 PMCID: PMC6416628 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of macromolecular organic structures on surfaces is one major concern in materials science. Nanoribbons, linear polymers, and porous nanostructures have gained a lot of interest due to their possible applications ranging from nanotemplates, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensors, or data storage. During decades, supramolecular chemistry has constituted an unavoidable approach for the design of well-organized structures on surfaces displaying a long-range order. Following these initial works, an important milestone has been established with the formation of covalent bonds between molecules. Resulting from this unprecedented approach, various nanostructures of improved thermal and chemical stability compared to those obtained by supramolecular chemistry and displaying unique and unprecedented properties have been developed. However, a major challenge exists: the growth control is very delicate and a thorough understanding of the complex mechanisms governing the on-surface chemistry is still needed. Recently, a new approach consisting in elaborating macromolecular structures by combining consecutive steps has been identified as a promising strategy to elaborate organic structures on surface. By designing precursors with a preprogrammed sequence of reactivity, a hierarchical or a sequential growth of 1D and 2D structures can be realized. In this review, the different reaction combinations used for the design of 1D and 2D structures are reported. To date, eight different sequences of reactions have been examined since 2008, evidencing the intense research activity existing in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Pigot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
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31
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Lu C, Li Y, Wang LM, Yan HJ, Chen L, Wang D. Rational design of two-dimensional covalent tilings using a C 6-symmetric building block via on-surface Schiff base reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1326-1329. [PMID: 30637430 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three types of well-ordered covalent two-dimensional tilings including triangular, rhombille and semi-regular Archimedean tilings were successfully constructed via on-surface Schiff base reaction. Among them, the covalent organic framework (COF) constructed from a C6 symmetry monomer and C3 symmetry monomer is the first reported COF with kgd (rhombille tiling) topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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32
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Zhou D, Tan X, Wu H, Tian L, Li M. Synthesis of C−C Bonded Two-Dimensional Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Films by Suzuki Polymerization on a Liquid-Liquid Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Tan
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
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33
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Zhou D, Tan X, Wu H, Tian L, Li M. Synthesis of C−C Bonded Two-Dimensional Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Films by Suzuki Polymerization on a Liquid-Liquid Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1376-1381. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Tan
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
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34
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Goronzy DP, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F, Fang Y, De Feyter S, Tait SL, Wang C, Beton PH, Wee ATS, Weiss PS, Perepichka DF. Supramolecular Assemblies on Surfaces: Nanopatterning, Functionality, and Reactivity. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7445-7481. [PMID: 30010321 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how molecules interact to form large-scale hierarchical structures on surfaces holds promise for building designer nanoscale constructs with defined chemical and physical properties. Here, we describe early advances in this field and highlight upcoming opportunities and challenges. Both direct intermolecular interactions and those that are mediated by coordinated metal centers or substrates are discussed. These interactions can be additive, but they can also interfere with each other, leading to new assemblies in which electrical potentials vary at distances much larger than those of typical chemical interactions. Earlier spectroscopic and surface measurements have provided partial information on such interfacial effects. In the interim, scanning probe microscopies have assumed defining roles in the field of molecular organization on surfaces, delivering deeper understanding of interactions, structures, and local potentials. Self-assembly is a key strategy to form extended structures on surfaces, advancing nanolithography into the chemical dimension and providing simultaneous control at multiple scales. In parallel, the emergence of graphene and the resulting impetus to explore 2D materials have broadened the field, as surface-confined reactions of molecular building blocks provide access to such materials as 2D polymers and graphene nanoribbons. In this Review, we describe recent advances and point out promising directions that will lead to even greater and more robust capabilities to exploit designer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Goronzy
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
- Institute for Fundamental and Frontier Science , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Leuven 3001 , Belgium
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
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Peyrot D, Silly MG, Silly F. X 3 synthon geometries in two-dimensional halogen-bonded 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dibromophenyl)benzene self-assembled nanoarchitectures on Au(111)-(). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3918-3924. [PMID: 29318234 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06488h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of star-shaped 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dibromophenyl)benzene molecules on Au(111)-() in a vacuum is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and core-level spectroscopy. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that the molecules self-assemble into a hexagonal porous halogen-bonded nanoarchitecture. This structure is stabilized by X3-A synthons composed of three type-II halogen-interactions (halogen-bonds). The molecules are oriented along the same direction in this arrangement. Domain boundaries are observed in the hcp region of the herringbone gold surface reconstruction. Molecules of the neighboring domains are rotated by 180°. The domain boundaries are stabilized by the formation of X3-B synthons composed of two type-II and one type-I halogen-interactions between molecules of the neighboring domains. Core-level spectroscopy confirms the existence of two types of halogen-interactions in the organic layer. These observations show that the gold surface reconstructions can be exploited to modify the long-range supramolecular halogen-bonded self-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peyrot
- TITANS, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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36
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Zhao F, Liu H, Mathe SDR, Dong A, Zhang J. Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Materials Design to Biomedical Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 8:E15. [PMID: 29283423 PMCID: PMC5791102 DOI: 10.3390/nano8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are newly emerged crystalline porous polymers with well-defined skeletons and nanopores mainly consisted of light-weight elements (H, B, C, N and O) linked by dynamic covalent bonds. Compared with conventional materials, COFs possess some unique and attractive features, such as large surface area, pre-designable pore geometry, excellent crystallinity, inherent adaptability and high flexibility in structural and functional design, thus exhibiting great potential for various applications. Especially, their large surface area and tunable porosity and π conjugation with unique photoelectric properties will enable COFs to serve as a promising platform for drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing and theranostic applications. In this review, we trace the evolution of COFs in terms of linkages and highlight the important issues on synthetic method, structural design, morphological control and functionalization. And then we summarize the recent advances of COFs in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors and conclude with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities of COFs for biomedical purposes. Although currently still at its infancy stage, COFs as an innovative source have paved a new way to meet future challenges in human healthcare and disease theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Huiming Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Salva D R Mathe
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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37
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Bisbey RP, Dichtel WR. Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Multidimensional Polymerization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:533-543. [PMID: 28691064 PMCID: PMC5492257 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous polymerization and crystallization of monomers featuring directional bonding designs provides covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are periodic polymer networks with robust covalent bonds arranged in two- or three-dimensional topologies. The range of properties characterized in COFs has rapidly expanded to include those of interest for heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage and photovoltaic devices, and proton-conducting membranes. Yet many of these applications will require materials quality, morphological control, and synthetic efficiency exceeding the capabilities of contemporary synthetic methods. This level of control will emerge from an improved fundamental understanding of COF nucleation and growth processes. More powerful characterization of structure and defects, improved syntheses guided by mechanistic understanding, and accessing diverse isolated forms, ranging from single crystals to thin films to colloidal suspensions, remain important frontier problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Bisbey
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - William R. Dichtel
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- E-mail:
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