1
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Zeng L, Zhou M, Jin R. Evolution of Excited-State Behaviors of Gold Complexes, Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300687. [PMID: 38547007 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanomaterials have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties in contrast to bulk counterparts. Gold nanoparticles (e. g., 3-100 nm) show quasi-continuous energy bands, while gold nanoclusters (<3 nm) and complexes exhibit discrete energy levels and display entirely different photophysical properties than regular nanoparticles. This review summarizes the electronic dynamics of these three types of gold materials studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. Briefly, for gold nanoparticles, their electronic relaxation is dominated by heat dissipation between the electrons and the lattice. In contrast, gold nanoclusters exhibit single-electron transitions and relatively long excited-state lifetimes being analogous to molecules. In gold complexes, the excited-state dynamics is dominated by intersystem crossing and phosphorescence. A detailed understanding of the photophysical properties of gold nanocluster materials is still missing and thus calls for future efforts. The fundamental insights into the discrete electronic structure and the size-induced evolution in quantum-sized nanoclusters will promote the exploration of their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Posada Urrutia M, Kaul N, Kaper T, Hurrell D, Chiang L, Wells JAL, Orthaber A, Hammarström L, Pilarski LT, Dyrager C. Access to long-lived room temperature phosphorescence through auration of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5658-5664. [PMID: 38441110 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A series of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-Au(I)-L complexes have been synthesised, structurally characterised and investigated for their photophysical properties. These are the first organometallic Au(I) complexes containing a C-Au bond on the highly electron-deficient benzothiadiazole unit. The complexes exhibit solution-phase phosphorescence at room temperature, assigned to the intrinsic triplet state of the benzothiadiazole unit that is efficently populated through its attachment to gold. Comparison with routinely reported Au(I) complexes, which include intervening alkenyl linkers, suggests that previous assignments of their phosphorescence as 1π → π*(CCR) might be incomplete. Our observations affirm that, in addition to the heavy atom effect, breaking symmetry in the involved aryl motif may be of importance in controlling the luminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidhi Kaul
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Kaper
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dustin Hurrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, V2S7M8, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Linus Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, V2S7M8, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Jordann A L Wells
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukasz T Pilarski
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Bélteki R, Kuklis L, Gombár G, Ungor D, Csapó E. The Role of the Amino Acid Molecular Characteristics on the Formation of Fluorescent Gold- and Silver-Based Nanoclusters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300720. [PMID: 37258456 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Role of amino acids like L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-glutamine (Gln) and L-arginine (Arg) is described and interpreted in terms of their potential for preparation of fluorescent molecular-like gold and silver nanostructures. We are among the first to demonstrate the effect of syntheses conditions as well as the molecular characteristics of Phe, Gln and Arg amino acids on the structure of the formed products. Comprehensive optical characterizations (lifetime, quantum yield (QY%)) of the blue-emitting products were also carried out. It was confirmed that for all Au-containing samples and for Gln-Ag system the characteristic fluorescence originates from few-atomic metallic nanoclusters (NCs) where the reduction of metal ions was promoted by citrate in some cases. Relatively high QY% (∼18 %) was obtained for Arg-stabilized Au NCs due to the existence of an electrostatic interaction between the electron rich, positively charged guanidium side chain of Arg and the negatively charged carboxylate group of citrate on the metallic surface. Size and structural analysis of the products were evaluated by infrared measurements and dynamic light scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bélteki
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Loretta Kuklis
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Gombár
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ditta Ungor
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Csapó
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Luo H, Wan Q, Choi W, Tsutsui Y, Dmitrieva E, Du L, Phillips DL, Seki S, Liu J. Two-Step Synthesis of B 2 N 2 -Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long-Lived Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301769. [PMID: 37093207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentagon-heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2 N2 -doped PAH (BN-2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN-2, two different conformations, including saddle-shaped and up-down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited-state dynamics of BN-2 is well-investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon-heptagon embedded B2 N2 -doped BN-2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long-lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited-state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet-triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long-lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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5
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Farcas A, Damoc M, Asandulesa M, Aubert PH, Ionut Tigoianu R, Laura Ursu E. The straightforward approach of tuning the photoluminescence and electrical properties of encapsulated PEDOT end-capped by pyrene. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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6
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Zhou D, Tong GSM, Cheng G, Tang YK, Liu W, Ma D, Du L, Chen JR, Che CM. Stable Tetradentate Gold(III)-TADF Emitters with Close to Unity Quantum Yield and Radiative Decay Rate Constant of up to 2 × 10 6 s -1 : High-Efficiency Green OLEDs with Operational Lifetime (LT 90 ) Longer than 1800 h at 1000 cd m -2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206598. [PMID: 36208071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ), small efficiency roll-offs, and long operational lifetime at practical luminances are three crucial parameters for commercialization of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To simultaneously achieve these goals, it is desirable to have the radiative decay rate constant (kr ) as large as possible, which, for a thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitter, requires both a large S1 →S0 radiative decay rate constant (kr S ) and a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ). Here, the design of a class of tetradentate gold(III) TADF complexes for narrowing the ΔEST while keeping the kr S large is reported. The as-synthesized complexes display green emission with close to unity emission quantum yields, and kr approaching 2 × 106 s-1 in thin films. The vacuum-deposited green OLEDs based on 1 and 4 demonstrate maximum EQEs of up to 24 and 27% with efficiency roll-offs of 5.5 and 2.2% at 1000 cd m-2 , respectively; the EQEs maintain high at 10 000 cd m-2 (19% (1) and 24% (4)). A long LT90 device lifetime of 1820 h at 1000 cd m-2 for complex 1 is achieved, which is one of the longest device lifetimes of TADF-OLEDs reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yu-Kan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jian-Rui Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
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7
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Fluorescence vs. Phosphorescence: Which Scenario Is Preferable in Au(I) Complexes with Benzothiadiazoles? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238162. [PMID: 36500253 PMCID: PMC9741114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoluminescence of Au(I) complexes is generally characterized by long radiative lifetimes owing to the large spin-orbital coupling constant of the Au(I) ion. Herein, we report three brightly emissive Au(I) coordination compounds, 1, 2a, and 2b, that reveal unexpectedly short emission lifetimes of 10-20 ns. Polymorphs 2a and 2b exclusively exhibit fluorescence, which is quite rare for Au(I) compounds, while compound 1 reveals fluorescence as the major radiative pathway, and a minor contribution of a microsecond-scale component. The fluorescent behaviour for 1-2 is rationalized by means of quantum chemical (TD)-DFT calculations, which reveal the following: (1) S0-S1 and S0-T1 transitions mainly exhibit an intraligand nature. (2) The calculated spin-orbital coupling (SOC) between the states is small, which is a consequence of overall small metal contribution to the frontier orbitals. (3) The T1 state features much lower energy than the S1 state (by ca. 7000 cm-1), which hinders the SOC between the states. Thus, the S1 state decays in the form of fluorescence, rather than couples with T1. In the specific case of complex 1, the potential energy surfaces for the S1 and T2 states intersect, while the vibrationally resolved S1-S0 and T2-S0 calculated radiative transitions show substantial overlap. Thus, the microsecond-scale component for complex 1 can stem from the coupling between the S1 and T2 states.
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8
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Liu S, Lin Y, Yan D. Colorful ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence in dual-ligand metal-organic framework. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Parker R, Stracey RF, McEllin AJ, Chen X, Wang Y, Williams JAG, Lynam JM, Bruce DW. Synthesis, Mesomorphism, Photophysics, and Device Properties of Liquid-Crystalline Pincer Complexes of Gold(III) Containing Semiperfluorinated Chains. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24903-24917. [PMID: 35874197 PMCID: PMC9301954 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold(III) complexes of C∧N∧C-coordinating 2,6-diphenylpyridine pincer ligands with arylacetylide co-ligands are known triplet emitters at room temperature. We have reported previously that by functionalizing both the pincer ligand and the phenylacetylene with alkoxy chains, liquid crystallinity may be induced, with the complexes showing columnar mesophases. We now report new derivatives in which the phenylacetylene incorporates one, two, or three 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroalkyl chains. In terms of intermolecular interactions, solution 1H NMR experiments suggest that the semiperfluoroalkyl chains promote a parallel, head-to-head arrangement of neighboring molecules relative to one another, rather than the anti-parallel, head-to-tail orientation found for the all-hydrocarbon materials. In terms of the liquid crystal properties, the complexes show columnar phases, with the addition of the more rigid fluorocarbon chains leading to a stabilization of both the crystal and liquid crystal mesophases. Mesophase temperature ranges were also wider. Interestingly, the amphiphilic nature of these complexes is evident through the observation of a frustrated columnar nematic phase between a Colr and a Colh phase, an observation recently reported in detail for one compound (Liq. Cryst., 2022, doi: 10.1080/02678292.2021.1991017). While calculation shows that, despite the "electronic insulation" provided by the dimethylene spacer group in the semiperfluoroalkyl chains, a small hypsochromic shift in one component of the absorption band is anticipated, experimentally this effect is not observed in the overall absorption envelope. Complexes with substituents in the 3,3',4,4'-positions of the phenyl rings of the pincer ligand once more show higher-luminescence quantum yields than the analogues with substituents in the 4,4'-positions only, associated with the lower-energy-emissive state in the former. However, in contrast to the observations with all-hydrocarbon analogues, the luminescence quantum yield of the complexes with 3,3',4,4'-substitution on the pincer increases as the number of semiperfluoroalkyl chains on the phenylacetylide increases, from 20% (one chain) to 34% (three chains). External quantum efficiencies in fabricated OLED devices are, however, low, attributed to the poor dispersion in the host materials on account of the fluorinated chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
R. Parker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Rachel F. Stracey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Alice J. McEllin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Xinrui Chen
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - J. A. Gareth Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1
3LE, U.K.
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Duncan W. Bruce
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
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10
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Race JJ, Webb MJ, Boyd TM, Weller AS. Ortho‐F,F‐DPEphos: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry in Rhodium and Gold Complexes, and Comparison with DPEphos. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Race
- University of York Department of Chemistry YO10 5DD York UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Andrew S. Weller
- University of York Chemistry Heslington YO105DD York UNITED KINGDOM
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11
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Tanner K, Marineau-Plante G, Schlachter A, Karsenti PL, Soldera A, Harvey PD. Significant differences between solid state and solution photochemistry and photophysics of mesogenic organometallic gold complexes. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Five new gold complexes 4-ROC6H4C≡CAuN≡CC6H4-4-OR′ (R/R′ = CH3/C9H19 (C1N9 ), C15H31/C9H19 (C15N9 ), C6H13/C15H31 (C6N15 ), C9H19/C15H31 (C9N15 ), C12H25/C15H31 (C12N15 )) were synthesized and characterized (1H and 13C NMR, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and high resolution mass spectrometry). Their organized smectic phases were investigated by TGA, DSC, powder XRD, and polarized light optical microscopy, and the solids are found to have crystalline and amorphous domains. No evidence for Au•••Au interactions was observed. The steady state and time-resolved absorption and emission properties at 298 and 77 K were examined, and surprisingly, the excited lifetime of the triplet excited state in the solid state is extremely short-lived (<100 ps) in comparison with the microsecond time scale recorded for the solution and at 77 K. The photosensitization of 1O2 was observed in solution but not in the solid state. The nature of the singlet (ligand-to-ligand charge transfer) and triplet (ethynyl/intraligand ππ*) excited states were assessed using DFT and TD-DFT computations. The thermal and UV-photochemical formation of gold nanoparticles were performed in solution (slow) and in the solid state (faster). The thermally generated nanoparticles are found to be larger (2–20 nm; TEM) and exhibit well-defined shapes, whereas the photochemically generated ones are smaller (1–10 nm) and show ill-defined shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tanner
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Marineau-Plante
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Adrien Schlachter
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Paul-Ludovic Karsenti
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Armand Soldera
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pierre D. Harvey
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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12
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Scattolin T, Lippmann P, Beliš M, Van Hecke K, Ottb I, Nolan SP. A simple synthetic entryway into (N‐heterocyclic carbene)gold‐steroidyl complexes and their anticancer activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Ingo Ottb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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13
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Wu NMW, Ng M, Yam VWW. Photocontrolled multiple-state photochromic benzo[b]phosphole thieno[3,2-b]phosphole-containing alkynylgold(I) complex via selective light irradiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:33. [PMID: 35013225 PMCID: PMC8748877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochromic materials have drawn growing attention because using light as a stimulus has been regarded as a convenient and environmental-friendly way to control properties of smart materials. While photoresponsive systems that are capable of showing multiple-state photochromism are attractive, the development of materials with such capabilities has remained a challenging task. Here we show that a benzo[b]phosphole thieno[3,2‑b]phosphole-containing alkynylgold(I) complex features multiple photoinduced color changes, in which the gold(I) metal center plays an important role in separating two photoactive units that leads to the suppression of intramolecular quenching processes of the excited states. More importantly, the exclusive photochemical reactivity of the thieno[3,2‑b]phosphole moiety of the gold(I) complex can be initiated upon photoirradiation of visible light. Stepwise photochromism of the gold(I) complex has been made possible, offering an effective strategy for the construction of multiple-state photochromic materials with multiple photocontrolled states to enhance the storage capacity of potential optical memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Man-Wai Wu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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14
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Shekhovtsov N, Kokina TE, Vinogradova KA, Panarin AY, Rakhmanova MI, Naumov DY, Pervukhina NV, Nikolaenkova EB, Krivopalov VP, Czerwieniec R, Bushuev MB. Near-infrared emitting copper(I) complexes with a pyrazolylpyrimidine ligand: exploring relaxation pathways. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2898-2911. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear copper(I) complexes [CuL2]I (1), [CuL2]2[Cu2I4]·2MeCN (2) and [CuL2]PF6 (3) with a new chelating pyrazolylpyrimidine ligand, 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4,6-diphenylpyrimidine (L), were synthesized. In the structures of complex cations [CuL2]+, Cu+ ions coordinate...
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15
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Zhang J, Schaly A, Chambron JC, Vincent B, Zorn N, Leize-Wagner E, Jean M, Vanthuyne N. Alkynylgold(I) C 3 -Chiral Concave Complexes: Aggregation and Luminescence. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103759. [PMID: 34962011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral gold(I) acetylide trinuclear complexes 1-3 based on the cyclotribenzylene platform and terminal PR3 ligands (R=Ph, Et, and Cy, respectively), were characterized and their light emission studied. They exhibited long-lived blue phosphorescence in CHCl3 and a weak fluorescence in the UV. In MeOH/CHCl3 mixtures of >1:1 volume ratio, 1 and 2 exhibited a new emission band at ca. 540 nm that developed at the expense of the UV emission. DLS studies demonstrated the presence of molecular aggregates of Ø 30-80 nm. The green emission observed in MeOH-rich solvent mixtures was therefore induced by aggregation, and could originate from Au⋅⋅⋅Au interactions. The AIE spectrum of 3 was observed only in solutions containing 99 % of MeOH, and correlated with its solid state emission. The AIE profiles of the enantiomers of 1 differed from that of rac-1, suggesting that the latter is a true racemate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R8, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Astrid Schaly
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R8, 67008, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R8, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Zorn
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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16
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Abramova EO, Paderina AV, Slavova SO, Kostenko EA, Eliseenkov EV, Petrovskii SK, Gitlina AY, Boyarskiy VP, Grachova EV. Just Add the Gold: Aggregation-Induced-Emission Properties of Alkynylphosphinegold(I) Complexes Functionalized with Phenylene-Terpyridine Subunits. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18715-18725. [PMID: 34823354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of organometallic complexes containing an alkynylphosphinegold(I) fragment and a phenylene-terpyridine moiety connected together by flexible linker have been prepared using the specially designed terpyridine ligands. The compounds were studied crystallographically to reveal that all of them contain a linearly coordinated Au(I) atom and a free terpyridine moiety. The different orientations of the molecules relative to each other in the solid state determine the multiple noncovalent interactions such as antiparallel ππ stacking, CH-π, and CH-Au, but no aurophilic interactions are realized. The organometallic Au(I) complexes obtained show fluorescence in the solution and dual singlet-triplet emission in the solid state. This means that their photophysical behavior is determined by both intermolecular lattice-defined interactions and Au(I) atom introduction. Density functional theory computational analysis supported the assignment of emission to intraligand electronic transitions only inside the phenylene-terpyridine part with no Au(I) involved. In addition, a study of the nature of the excited states for the "dimer" with an antiparallel orientation of the terpyridine fragment showed that this orientation leads to the generation of abstracted singlet and triplet states, lowering their energy in comparison with the monomer complex. Thus, the complexes obtained can be qualified as examples of Au(I)-containing organometallic aggregation-induced-emission luminogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia O Abramova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Paderina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofia O Slavova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina A Kostenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugene V Eliseenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav K Petrovskii
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yu Gitlina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vadim P Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Pinto A, Cunha C, Aullón G, Lima JC, Rodríguez L, Seixas de Melo JS. Comprehensive Investigation of the Photophysical Properties of Alkynylcoumarin Gold(I) Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11751-11760. [PMID: 34665627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Six gold(I) complexes (R3P-Au-Coum) containing three different alkynylcoumarin chromophores (Coum) with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing characteristics and two different water-soluble phosphanes (PR3 = PTA (a) and DAPTA (b)) have been synthesized (1a,b, unsubstituted coumarin; 2a,b, 4-methyl substituted coumarin; 3a,b, 3-chloro and 4-methyl substituted coumarin). A comprehensive study of the photophysical properties of the R3P-Au-Coum, together with their propynyloxycoumarin precursors 1-3, was performed in solution at room and low temperatures. Spectral and photophysical characteristics of the R3P-Au-Coum essentially depend on the electronic characteristics of the propynyloxycoumarin ligand. The presence of the Au(I) atom was found to be responsible for an increase of the intersystem crossing, with triplet state quantum yield values, ϕT, ranging from ∼0.05 to 0.35 and high coumarin phosphorescence quantum yield values for derivatives 1 and 2; fluorescence dominates the deactivation in derivatives 3. Efficient singlet oxygen photosensitization was observed for the new compounds 3a,b. From TDDFT calculations, the relevant HOMO and LUMO of the compounds, i.e., those involved in the transitions, are dominated by the frontier orbitals associated with the coumarin core. The Au(I)-phosphane structure introduces a new transition assigned to an intraligand transition involving the phosphane ligand, and π(C≡C) system, to the p orbitals of phosphorus and gold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Cunha
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Zhao S, Zhu Y, Li L, Guerchais V, Boixel J, Wong KMC. The switchable phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of a new rhodamine-like dye through allenylidene formation in a cyclometallated platinum(ii) system. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11056-11064. [PMID: 34522303 PMCID: PMC8386667 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02787e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new rhodamine-like alkyne-substituted ligand (Rhodyne) was designed to coordinate a cyclometallated platinum(ii) system. The chemo-induced “ON–OFF” switching capabilities on the spirolactone ring of the Rhodyne ligand with an end-capping platinum(ii) metal centre can modulate the interesting acetylide–allenylidene resonance. The long-lived 3IL excited state of Rhodyne in its ON state as an optically active opened form was revealed via steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy studies. Exceptional near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence based on a rhodamine-like structure were observed at room temperature for the first time. The position of the alkyne communication bridge attached to the platinum(ii) unit was found to vary the lead(ii)-ion binding mode and also the possible resonance structure for metal-mediated allenylidene formation. The formation of a proposed allenylidene resonance structure was suggested to rationalize these phenomena. A new rhodamine-like ligand (Rhodyne) was designed to coordinate a cyclometallated platinum(ii) system. Allenylidene formation could trigger NIR phosphorescence at 740 nm originating from Rhodyne 3IL, as well as delayed fluorescence at 620 nm.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 15001 China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | | | | | - Keith Man-Chung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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19
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Au-Yeung CC, Li LK, Tang MC, Lai SL, Cheung WL, Ng M, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Molecular design of efficient yellow- to red-emissive alkynylgold(iii) complexes for the realization of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and their applications in solution-processed organic light-emitting devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9516-9527. [PMID: 34349927 PMCID: PMC8278967 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the design and synthesis of a new class of fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes, which show tunable emission colors spanning from the yellow to red region in the solid state and exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties. These complexes display high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.87 and short excited-state lifetimes in sub-microsecond timescales, yielding high radiative decay rate constants on the order of up to 106 s−1. The observation of the drastic enhancement in the emission intensity of the complexes with insignificant change in the excited-state lifetime upon increasing the temperature from 200 to 360 K indicates an increasing radiative decay rate. The experimentally estimated energy splitting between the lowest-lying singlet excited state (S1) and the lowest-lying triplet excited state (T1), ΔES1–T1, is found to be as small as ∼0.03 eV (250 cm−1), comparable to the value of ∼0.05 eV (435 cm−1) obtained from computational studies. The delicate choice of the cyclometalating ligand and the fused heterocyclic ligand is deemed the key to induce TADF through the control of the energy levels of the intraligand and the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states. This work represents the realization of highly emissive yellow- to red-emitting gold(iii) TADF complexes incorporated with fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands and their applications in organic light-emitting devices. We report the design of a new class of fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes, which shows tunable emission colors spanning yellow to red region and exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathay Chai Au-Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Lok-Kwan Li
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Shiu-Lun Lai
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Wai-Lung Cheung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
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20
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Ly JT, Presley KF, Cooper TM, Baldwin LA, Dalton MJ, Grusenmeyer TA. Impact of iodine loading and substitution position on intersystem crossing efficiency in a series of ten methylated- meso-phenyl-BODIPY dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12033-12044. [PMID: 33942042 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four core and six distyryl-extended methylated-meso-phenyl-BODIPY dyes with varying iodine content were synthesized. The influence of iodine loading and substitution position on the photophysical properties of these chromophores was evaluated. Selective iodine insertion at the 2- and 6-positions of the methylated-meso-phenyl-BODIPY core, rather than maximum iodine content, resulted in the highest intersystem crossing efficiency. Iodination of the distyryl-extended BODIPY core afforded intersystem crossing quantum yields comparable to 2,6-diiodo-BODIPY. Inclusion of an iodine at the para-meso-phenyl position generally enhanced non-radiative decay in the BODIPY excited-state, leading to lower fluorescence and intersystem crossing quantum yield values. Iodine substitution at the styryl-positions resulted in negligible changes to the excited-state dynamics. This study highlights: (1) the rate of radiative decay is similar in all ten derivatives (on the order of 1 × 108 s-1), (2) iodination of the 2,6-positions results in the greatest enhancement of intersystem crossing efficiency, (3) care must be taken when modifying the para-meso-phenyl position as it could have detrimental effects on the excited-state dynamics, (4) the excited-state is negligibly affected by iodination of the styryl groups, potentially enabling orthogonal functionalization without modifying the molecular photophysics, (5) distyryl extension of the chromophore core diminishes rates of non-radiative decay and intersystem crossing, resulting in higher fluorescence quantum yields and lower intersystem crossing yields in the π-extended derivatives compared to the core BDP derivatives, and (6) DFT calculations provide insight into the electronic and structural factors regulating intersystem crossing and vibrational relaxation in these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Ly
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA. and UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, USA
| | - Kayla F Presley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Thomas M Cooper
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Luke A Baldwin
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Matthew J Dalton
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA.
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21
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Sukhikh TS, Khisamov RM, Konchenko SN. Unexpectedly Long Lifetime of the Excited State of Benzothiadiazole Derivative and Its Adducts with Lewis Acids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072030. [PMID: 33918327 PMCID: PMC8038179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a study of photoluminescent properties of 4-bromo-7-(3-pyridylamino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (Py-btd) and its novel Lewis adducts: (PyH-btd)2(ZnCl4) and [Cu2Cl2(Py-btd)2{PPO}2]·2C7H8 (PPO = tetraphenyldiphosphine monoxide), whose crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Py-btd exhibits a lifetime of 9 microseconds indicating its phosphorescent nature, which is rare for purely organic compounds. This phenomenon arises from the heavy atom effect: the presence of a bromine atom in Py-btd promotes mixing of the singlet and triplet states to allow efficient singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing. The Lewis adducts also feature a microsecond lifetime while emitting in a higher energy range than free Py-btd, which opens up the possibility to color-tune luminescence of benzothiadiazole derivatives.
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22
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Li K, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang C. Diverse emission properties of transition metal complexes beyond exclusive single phosphorescence and their wide applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Zhuo H, Chi X, Jiang M, Xu H, Zeng M. Luminescence Switching of Organogold(I) Complexes between Aggregation-induced Phosphorescence Enhancement and Aggregation-caused Quenching by Balancing Auxiliary Ligands around the Au I Center. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1165-1170. [PMID: 33734608 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Attaching AIE-active L1 ([1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-2-yldiphenylphosphane) to AuCl, shortened the distances of P-C bonds to promote electron cloud overlap between AuI and L1, affords 1 (L1AuCl) with aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement (AIPE) activity by 3 LMCT transitions. Then substituting the coplanar L2 (9-ethynylanthracene) for the Cl- in 1 providing 2, switches the luminescence to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) activity. Furthermore, we restore the performance from ACQ to AIPE by metathesis reactions to transfer 2 into 1. It is versatile synthetic strategy of reversible transformation between 1 and 2 that switches the luminescence of organogold(I) between AIPE and ACQ through balancing auxiliary ligands around the given metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhuo
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chi
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Mengtian Jiang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Haibing Xu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Zeng
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, P. R. China
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24
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Vaddamanu M, Sathyanarayana A, Masaya Y, Sugiyama S, Kazuhisa O, Velappan K, Nandeshwar M, Hisano K, Tsutsumi O, Prabusankar G. Acridine N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Compounds: Tuning from Yellow to Blue Luminescence. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:521-529. [PMID: 33442961 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the luminescence features of three gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are presented to study how the n-alkyl group can influence the luminescence properties in the crystalline state. The mononuclear gold(I)-NHC complexes, [(L1 )Au(Cl)] (1), [(L2 )Au(Cl)] (2), and [(L3 )Au(Cl)] (3) were isolated from the reactions between [(tht)AuCl] and corresponding NHC ligand precursors, [N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-butyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L1 .HCl)], [N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-pentyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L2 .HCl)] and [N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-hexyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L3 .HCl)]. Their single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals the influence of the n-alkyl groups on solid-state packing. A comparison of the luminescence features of 1-3 with n-alkyl substituents is explored. The molecules 1-3 depicted blue emission in the solution state, while the yellow emission (for 1), greenish-yellow emission (for 2), and blue emission (for 3) in the crystalline phase. This paradigm emission shift arises from n-butyl to n-pentyl and n-hexyl in the crystalline state due to the carbon-carbon rotation of the n-alkyl group, which tends to promote unusual solid packing. Hence n-alkyl group adds a novel emission property in the crystalline state. Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out for monomeric complex, N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-heptyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride and dimeric complex, N-(9-acridinyl)-N'-(n-heptyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride to understand the structural and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulali Vaddamanu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
| | - Arruri Sathyanarayana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yamane Masaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shohei Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ozaki Kazuhisa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | | | - Muneshwar Nandeshwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
| | - Kyohei Hisano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
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Moitra T, Karak P, Chakraborty S, Ruud K, Chakrabarti S. Behind the scenes of spin-forbidden decay pathways in transition metal complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:59-81. [PMID: 33319894 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of the ultrafast photophysics of transition metal complexes following photo-absorption is quite involved as the heavy metal center leads to a complicated and entangled singlet-triplet manifold. This opens up multiple pathways for deactivation, often with competitive rates. As a result, intersystem crossing (ISC) and phosphorescence are commonly observed in transition metal complexes. A detailed understanding of such an excited-state structure and dynamics calls for state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical methodologies. In this review, we delve into the inability of non-relativistic quantum theory to describe spin-forbidden transitions, which can be overcome by taking into account spin-orbit coupling, whose importance grows with increasing atomic number. We present the quantum chemical theory of phosphorescence and ISC together with illustrative examples. Finally, a few applications are highlighted, bridging the gap between theoretical studies and experimental applications, such as photofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Potwana FS, Pillay MN, Staples RJ, Adeniyi AA, Singh P, van Zyl WE. Silver(I) bis(phosphanylamino)naphthalene complexes: Synthesis, structures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu D, To WP, Tong GSM, Wu LL, Chan KT, Du L, Phillips DL, Liu Y, Che CM. Luminescent tungsten(vi) complexes as photocatalysts for light-driven C-C and C-B bond formation reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6370-6382. [PMID: 32874518 PMCID: PMC7448528 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of photocatalysis for practical synthetic application hinges on the development of inexpensive photocatalysts which can be prepared on a large scale. Herein an air-stable, visible-light-absorbing photoluminescent tungsten(vi) complex which can be conveniently prepared at the gram-scale is described. This complex could catalyse photochemical organic transformation reactions including borylation of aryl halides, such as aryl chloride, reductive coupling of benzyl bromides for C-C bond formation, reductive coupling of phenacyl bromides, and decarboxylative coupling of redox-active esters of alkyl carboxylic acid with high product yields and broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Yu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Kaai-Tung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China .
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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28
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Mihaly JJ, Phillips AT, Stewart DJ, Marsh ZM, McCleese CL, Haley JE, Zeller M, Grusenmeyer TA, Gray TG. Synthesis and photophysics of gold(i) alkynyls bearing a benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety: a comparative study analyzing influence of ancillary ligand, bridging moiety, and number of metal centers on photophysical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11915-11927. [PMID: 32409811 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new gold(i) alkynyl complexes (Au-ABTF(0-2)) containing a benzothiazole fluorenyl moiety, with either an organic phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene as ancillary ligand, have been synthesized and photophysically characterized. All three complexes display highly structured ground-state absorption and luminescence spectra. Dual-luminescence is observed in all three complexes at room temperature in toluene after three freeze-pump-thaw cycles. The phosphine complexes (Au-ABTF(0-1)) exhibit similar photophysics with fluorescent quantum yields ∼0.40, triplet-state quantum yields ∼0.50, and fluorescent lifetimes ∼300 ps. The carbene complex Au-ABTF2 displays different behavior; having a fluorescent quantum yield of 0.23, a triplet-state quantum yield of 0.61, and a fluorescent lifetime near 200 ps, demonstrating that the ancillary ligand alters excited-state dynamics. The compounds exhibit strong (on the order of 105 M-1 cm-1) and positive excited-state absorption in both their singlet and triplet excited states spanning the visible region. Delayed fluorescence resulting from triplet-triplet annihilation is also observed in freeze-pump-thaw deaerated samples of all the complexes in toluene. DFT calculations (both static and time-resolved) agree with the photophysical data where phosphine complexes have slightly larger S1-T2 energy gaps (0.28 eV and 0.26 eV) relative to the carbene complex (0.21 eV). Comparison of the photophysical properties of Au-ABTF(0-2) to previously published dinuclear gold(i) complexes and mononuclear gold(i) aryl complexes bearing the same benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety are made. Structure-property relationships regarding ancillary ligand, bridging moiety, and number of metal centers are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Mihaly
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Alexis T Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, USA
| | - David J Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and General Dynamics Information Technology, 5000 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, USA
| | - Zachary M Marsh
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and Azimuth Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Hwy. Suite 230, Beavercreek, OH 45431, USA
| | - Christopher L McCleese
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and General Dynamics Information Technology, 5000 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, USA
| | - Joy E Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Pujadas M, Rodríguez L. Luminescent phosphine gold(I) alkynyl complexes. Highlights from 2010 to 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Caparrós FJ, Outis M, Jung Y, Choi H, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Luminescent Tetranuclear Gold(I) Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene Derivatives: Effect of the Environment on Photophysical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040949. [PMID: 32093302 PMCID: PMC7071073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new 2,7,10,15-tetraethynyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene ligand (1) and two tetranuclear gold(I) derivatives containing PPh3 (3) and PMe3 (4) phosphines were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds were studied in order to analyze the effect of the introduction of gold(I) on the supramolecular aggregation and photophysical properties. Absorption and emission spectra displayed broad bands due to the establishment of π π interactions as an indication of intermolecular contacts and the formation of aggregates. A decrease of the recorded quantum yield (QY) of the gold(I) derivatives was observed compared to the uncomplexed ligand. The introduction of the complexes into poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Zeonex 480R matrixes was analyzed, and an increase of the measured QY of 4 in Zeonex was observed. No phosphorescent emission was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Caparrós
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mani Outis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (M.O.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Yongsik Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Korea; (Y.J.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyeonho Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Korea; (Y.J.); (H.C.)
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (M.O.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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31
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Zhou D, To WP, Tong GSM, Cheng G, Du L, Phillips DL, Che CM. Tetradentate Gold(III) Complexes as Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Emitters: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and High-Performance OLEDs with Long Operational Lifetime. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6375-6382. [PMID: 31943594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Structurally robust tetradentate gold(III)-emitters have potent material applications but are rare and unprecedented for those displaying thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Herein, a novel synthetic route leading to the preparation of highly emissive, charge-neutral tetradentate [C^C^N^C] gold(III) complexes with 5-5-6-membered chelate rings has been developed through microwave-assisted C-H bond activation. These complexes show high thermal stability and with emission origin (3 IL, 3 ILCT, and TADF) tuned by varying the substituents of the C^C^N^C ligand. With phenoxazine/diphenylamine substituent, we prepared the first tetradentate gold(III) complexes that are TADF emitters with emission quantum yields of up to 94 % and emission lifetimes of down to 0.62 μs in deoxygenated toluene. These tetradentate AuIII TADF emitters showed good performance in vacuum-deposited OLEDs with maximum EQEs of up to 25 % and LT95 of up to 5280 h at 100 cd m-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
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32
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Zhou D, To W, Tong GSM, Cheng G, Du L, Phillips DL, Che C. Tetradentate Gold(III) Complexes as Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Emitters: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and High‐Performance OLEDs with Long Operational Lifetime. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryHKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai‐Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryHKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryHKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryHKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen Guangdong 518053 China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryHKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryHKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chi‐Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryHKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen Guangdong 518053 China
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33
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Mihaly JJ, Phillips AT, Malloy JT, Marsh ZM, Zeller M, Haley JE, de La Harpe K, Grusenmeyer TA, Gray TG. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Laterally Asymmetric Digold(I) Alkynyls and Triazolyl: Ancillary Ligand and Organic Functionality Dictate Excited-State Dynamics. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Mihaly
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alexis T. Phillips
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Jacob T. Malloy
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Zachary M. Marsh
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 230, Beavercreek, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Kimberly de La Harpe
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Thomas G. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Yang LP, Li CL, Yao YL, Lin ZJ, Qiao ZP, Chao HY. Mononuclear gold(I) acetylide complexes with carbonyl moiety: Synthesis, characterization, and tunable emission energy. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Yao Y, Hou CL, Yang ZS, Ran G, Kang L, Li C, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang JL. Unusual near infrared (NIR) fluorescent palladium(ii) macrocyclic complexes containing M-C bonds with bioimaging capability. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10170-10178. [PMID: 32055371 PMCID: PMC6979397 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) luminescent metal complexes are promising probes in bioimaging and biosensing, however they generally suffer from oxygen interference arising from heavy metal effects. We designed new tetradentate macrocyclic benzitripyrrin (C^N^N^N) ligands by combination of M-C bond formation and reducing the π-conjugation to achieve NIR fluorescent Pd complexes (700-1000 nm) with quantum yields up to 14%. To understand the origin of NIR fluorescence, detailed analyses by density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory (DFT/TDDFT) calculations together with femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies suggest that M-C bond formation indeed leads to destabilization of the d-d excited state and less effective quenching of emission; and importantly, small spin-orbital coupling (SOC) and the large singlet-triplet energy gap are the primary causes of the non-population of triplet states. Comparison of PdII and PtII analogues shows that the non-radiative channel of the out-plane vibration of the tripyrrin plane effectively quenches the fluorescence of the PtII complex but not the PdII congener. We also demonstrate the proof-of-concept applications of PdII complexes (Pd-1 and Pd-3) encapsulated in silica nanoparticles, in both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging experiments without oxygen interference. Moreover, pH-induced reversible switching of NIR fluorescence was achieved even intracellularly using the Pd complex (Pd-2), which shows the potential to further develop perspective stimuli-responsive NIR materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Chun-Liang Hou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China .
| | - Zi-Shu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies , Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies , Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China .
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
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Non-aromatic annulene-based aggregation-induced emission system via aromaticity reversal process. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2952. [PMID: 31273202 PMCID: PMC6609648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a photophysical phenomenon correlated closely with the excited-state intramolecular motions. Although AIE has attracted increasing attention due to the significant applications in biomedical and optoelectronics, an in-depth understanding of the excited-state intramolecular motion has yet to be fully developed. Here we found the non-aromatic annulene derivative of cyclooctatetrathiophene shows typical AIE phenomenon in spite of its rotor-free structure. The underlying mechanism is investigated through photoluminescence spectra, time-resolved absorption spectra, theoretical calculations, circular dichroism as well as by pressure-dependent fluorescent spectra etc., which indicate that the aromaticity reversal from ground state to the excited state serves as a driving force for inducing the excited-state intramolecular vibration, leading to the AIE phenomenon. Therefore, aromaticity reversal is demonstrated as a reliable strategy to develop vibrational AIE systems. This work also provides a new viewpoint to understand the excited-state intramolecular motion behavior of lumiongens.
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37
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Li Q, Zhou M, So WY, Huang J, Li M, Kauffman DR, Cotlet M, Higaki T, Peteanu LA, Shao Z, Jin R. A Mono-cuboctahedral Series of Gold Nanoclusters: Photoluminescence Origin, Large Enhancement, Wide Tunability, and Structure-Property Correlation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5314-5325. [PMID: 30860834 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) from thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs, <2 nm) has long been controversial, and the exact mechanism for the enhancement of quantum yield (QY) in many works remains elusive. Meanwhile, based upon the sole steady-state PL analysis, it is still a major challenge for researchers to map out a definitive relationship between the atomic structure and the PL property and understand how the Au(0) kernel and Au(I)-S surface contribute to the PL of Au NCs. Herein, we provide a paradigm study to address the above critical issues. By using a correlated series of "mono-cuboctahedral kernel" Au NCs and combined analyses of steady-state, temperature-dependence, femtosecond transient absorption, and Stark spectroscopy measurements, we have explicitly mapped out a kernel-origin mechanism and clearly elucidate the surface-structure effect, which establishes a definitive atomic-level structure-emission relationship. A ∼100-fold enhancement of QY is realized via suppression of two effects: (i) the ultrafast kernel relaxation and (ii) the surface vibrations. The new insights into the PL origin, QY enhancement, wavelength tunability, and structure-property relationship constitute a major step toward the fundamental understanding and structural-tailoring-based modulation and enhancement of PL from Au NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Woong Young So
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Jingchun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Douglas R Kauffman
- National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Department of Energy , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15236 , United States
| | - Mircea Cotlet
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Linda A Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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38
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Zhao Z, Chen C, Wu W, Wang F, Du L, Zhang X, Xiong Y, He X, Cai Y, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Gao X, Sun P, Phillips DL, Ding D, Tang BZ. Highly efficient photothermal nanoagent achieved by harvesting energy via excited-state intramolecular motion within nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2019; 10:768. [PMID: 30770816 PMCID: PMC6377612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The exciting applications of molecular motion are still limited and are in urgent pursuit, although some fascinating concepts such as molecular motors and molecular machines have been proposed for years. Utilizing molecular motion in a nanoplatform for practical application has been scarcely explored due to some unconquered challenges such as how to achieve effective molecular motion in the aggregate state within nanoparticles. Here, we introduce a class of near infrared-absorbing organic molecules with intramolecular motion-induced photothermy inside nanoparticles, which enables most absorbed light energy to dissipate as heat. Such a property makes the nanoparticles a superior photoacoustic imaging agent compared to widely used methylene blue and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles and allow them for high-contrast photoacoustic imaging of tumours in live mice. This study not only provides a strategy for developing advanced photothermal/photoacoustic imaging nanoagents, but also enables molecular motion in a nanoplatform to find a way for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 000000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xuewen He
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuanjing Cai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pingchuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 000000, China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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39
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Malmberg R, Bachmann M, Blacque O, Venkatesan K. Thermally Robust and Tuneable Phosphorescent Gold(III) Complexes Bearing (N^N)‐Type Bidentate Ligands as Ancillary Chelates. Chemistry 2019; 25:3627-3636. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malmberg
- Department of Molecular SciencesMacquarie University 4 Wally's Walk, NSW 2109 North Ryde Australia
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Molecular SciencesMacquarie University 4 Wally's Walk, NSW 2109 North Ryde Australia
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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40
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Mihaly JJ, Stewart DJ, Grusenmeyer TA, Phillips AT, Haley JE, Zeller M, Gray TG. Photophysical properties of organogold(i) complexes bearing a benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety: selection of ancillary ligand influences white light emission. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15917-15927. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report three new gold(i) complexes with a benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety bound through a gold–carbon σ-bond and either an N-heterocyclic carbene or organophosphine as ancillary ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Mihaly
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - David J. Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | - Alexis T. Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
- Dayton
- USA
| | | | - Thomas G. Gray
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
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41
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Bachmann M, Fessler R, Blacque O, Venkatesan K. Towards blue emitting monocyclometalated gold(iii) complexes – synthesis, characterization and photophysical investigations. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7320-7330. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of cyclometalating ligands and ancillary ligands were successfully tailored to achieve blue emission in monocyclometalated gold(iii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Reto Fessler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Sciences
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42
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Fernández-Moreira V, Val-Campillo C, Ospino I, Herrera RP, Marzo I, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Bioactive and luminescent indole and isatin based gold(i) derivatives. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3098-3108. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combination of bioactive indole and isatin derivatives with Au(i) affords highly cytotoxic metallic species even for cisplatin resistant leukemia cells (Jurkat-shBak).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Cynthia Val-Campillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isaura Ospino
- Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Universidad Pública de Navarra - Edificio Los Acebos
- 31006 Pamplona
- Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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43
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Belyaev A, Kolesnikov I, Melnikov AS, Gurzhiy VV, Tunik SP, Koshevoy IO. Solution versus solid-state dual emission of the Au(i)-alkynyl diphosphine complexes via modification of polyaromatic spacers. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule luminophores capable of multiple emissions are essential for the development of new materials with unconventional photophysical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Ilya Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- Joensuu
- Finland
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44
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Yao Y, Yin HY, Ning Y, Wang J, Meng YS, Huang X, Zhang W, Kang L, Zhang JL. Strong Fluorescent Lanthanide Salen Complexes: Photophysical Properties, Excited-State Dynamics, and Bioimaging. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:1806-1814. [PMID: 30576111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, excited-state dynamics, and biological application of luminescent lanthanide salen complexes (Ln = Lu, Gd, Eu, Yb, salen = N, N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine-based ligands) with sandwich structures are described. Among them, Lu(III) complexes show unusually strong ligand-centered fluorescence with quantum yields up to 62%, although the metal center is close to a chromophore ligand. The excited-state dynamic studies including ultrafast spectroscopy for Ln-salen complexes revealed that their excited states are solely dependent on the salen ligands and the ISC rates are slow (108-109 s-1). Importantly, time-dependent density functional theory calculations attribute the low energy transfer efficiency to the weak spin-orbital coupling (SOC) between the singlet and triplet excited states. More importantly, Lu-salen has been applied as a molecular platform to construct fluorescence probes with organelle specificity in living cell imaging, which demonstrates the advantages of the sandwich structures as being capable of preventing intramolecular metal-ligand interactions and behaviors different from those of the previously reported Zn-salens. Most importantly, the preliminary study for in vivo imaging using a mouse model demonstrated the potential application of Ln coordination complexes in therapeutic and diagnostic bioimaging beyond living cells or in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yan Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Shan Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
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45
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Kong D, Guo L, Tian M, Zhang S, Tian Z, Yang H, Tian Y, Liu Z. Lysosome-targeted potent half-sandwich iridium(III) α-diimine antitumor complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Kong
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Meng Tian
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Huayun Yang
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Ye Tian
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
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46
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Wu Q, Ma H, Ling K, Gan N, Cheng Z, Gu L, Cai S, An Z, Shi H, Huang W. Reversible Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence for Visual and Selective Chloroform Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33730-33736. [PMID: 30203955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widespread in our daily life and greatly harmful to human health, as well as to the environment. To date, it remains a formidable challenge to develop a highly sensitive visual system for selective detection of VOCs. Herein, we report on a metal-free organic molecule of 2,4-di(10 H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (TDP) with ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) feature as a visible chemical probe for chloroform detection. In the pristine solid state, this phosphor shows a green UOP with a lifetime of 56 ms after the removal of excitation light source; however, the UOP greatly diminishes when fumed with chloroform, which is ascribed to the variation in both radiative and nonradiative transitions in crystal with embedded chloroform. Remarkably, TDP materials demonstrate great potential as a visual chemical probe for chloroform, showing high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and good repeatability. The limitation for chloroform detection is as low as 5 ppm. Combining experimental data and theoretical calculations, it is reasoned that the space confinement via intermolecular interactions between chloroform and TDP molecules play a vital role for high selectivity of chloroform detection. These results pave the way toward expanding the scope of organic luminogens with UOP as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Kun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Nan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Zhichao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , China
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47
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Kong D, Tian M, Guo L, Liu X, Zhang S, Song Y, Meng X, Wu S, Zhang L, Liu Z. Novel iridium(III) iminopyridine complexes: synthetic, catalytic, and in vitro anticancer activity studies. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:819-832. [PMID: 29934699 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic half-sandwich IrIII complexes of the type [(η5-Cpx)Ir(N^N)Cl]PF6 1-6, where Cpx = C5Me5 (Cp*), C5Me4C6H5 (Cpxph), C5Me4C6H4C6H5 (Cpxbiph), N^N is imionopyridine chelating ligand, were prepared and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of complex 1 has been determined. Four compounds displayed higher anticancer potency than clinically used anticancer drug cisplatin against A549 cancer cells, especially complex 3 which is 8 times more active than cisplatin. No hydrolysis was observed by NMR and UV-Vis for complexes 3 and 6; however, these complexes show big differences in nucleobase binding, mainly decided by the imionopyridine chelating ligand. Complex 3 is stable in the presence of glutathione, but 6 reacted rapidly with glutathione. The octanol/water partition coefficients (log P) of 3 and 6 have been determined. In addition, these complexes display effective catalytic activity in converting coenzyme NADH to NAD+ by accepting hydride to form an Ir hydride adduct. The mechanism of actions of these complexes involves apoptosis induction, cell cycles arrest, and significant increase of reactive oxygen species levels in A549 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Yameng Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Lingzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
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48
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Gutiérrez-Blanco A, Fernández-Moreira V, Gimeno MC, Peris E, Poyatos M. Tetra-Au(I) Complexes Bearing a Pyrene Tetraalkynyl Connector Behave as Fluorescence Torches. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gutiérrez-Blanco
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
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49
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Głodek M, Makal A, Paluch P, Kadziołka-Gaweł M, Kobayashi Y, Zakrzewski J, Plażuk D. (Ar-CO-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(PEt 3)Au and (Ar-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(PEt 3)Au complexes bearing pyrenyl and ferrocenyl groups: synthesis, structure, and luminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6702-6712. [PMID: 29701735 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two types of (acetylide)(triethylphosphine)gold(i) complexes ArCOC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CAuPEt3 (1a and 1b) and ArC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CAuPEt3 (2a and 2b) bearing Ar = pyren-1-yl or ferrocenyl group were synthesized and the effect of a carbonyl moiety on the structure, propensity to ligand scrambling in solution and luminescence properties were investigated. We found that the complexes bearing acetylenic ketone-derived ligands underwent ligand scrambling in solution to afford mixtures of ArCOC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CAuPEt3 and [(ArCOC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)2Au]-[Au(PEt3)2]+. The latter complexes were isolated and their structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The aurophilic interaction of AuAu in these complexes resulted in the formation of wire-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Głodek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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50
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Glebko N, Dau TM, Melnikov AS, Grachova EV, Solovyev IV, Belyaev A, Karttunen AJ, Koshevoy IO. Luminescence Thermochromism of Gold(I) Phosphane-Iodide Complexes: A Rule or an Exception? Chemistry 2018; 24:3021-3029. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Glebko
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistokatu 7 Joensuu Finland
| | - Thuy Minh Dau
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistokatu 7 Joensuu Finland
| | - Alexei S. Melnikov
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; Polytechnicheskaya, 29 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry; St. Petersburg State University; 26 Universitetskiy pr. Petergof, St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Igor V. Solovyev
- Institute of Chemistry; St. Petersburg State University; 26 Universitetskiy pr. Petergof, St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistokatu 7 Joensuu Finland
- Institute of Chemistry; St. Petersburg State University; 26 Universitetskiy pr. Petergof, St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science; Aalto University; 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistokatu 7 Joensuu Finland
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