1
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Maze D, Pichon C, Midoux P. Reversible stabilization of DNA/PEI complexes by reducible click-linkage between DNA and polymer. A new polyplex concept for lowering polymer quantity. Gene Ther 2023; 30:783-791. [PMID: 36755129 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral transfection of mammalian cells can be performed with electrostatic complexes (polyplexes) between a plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding a foreign gene and a cationic polymer. However, an excess of the cationic polymer is required for pDNA condensation and polyplexes formation, which generate in vivo toxicity. Here, we present a new concept of polyplexes preparation aiming to reduce the polymer quantity. pDNA was functionalized with 3,6,9-trioxaundecan-1- {4 - [(2-chloroethyl) ethylamino)] - benzylamino}, 11-azide, and polyethyleneimine (lPEI) with reducible dibenzocyclooctyl (SS-DBCO) groups allowing azide-alkyne cycloaddition between pDNA and lPEI after condensation. The size of polyplexes with DBCO-SS-lPEI was smaller than with lPEI due to a stronger DNA condensation thanks to linkages between polymer and pDNA preventing dissociation until disulfide bridges reduction. In vitro transfection showed that the amount of DBCO-SS-lPEI leading to the most efficient polyplexes was three times lower than lPEI. As expected, toxicity in mice was significantly reduced upon intravenous injection of DBCO-SS-lPEI polyplexes at doses where the lPEI polyplexes killed mice. This is probably due to the high stability of the DBCO-SS-lPEI polyplexes which prevented their aggregation in the pulmonary capillaries. Overall, this new concept of polyplexes with DBCO-SS-lPEI offering the possibility of administering higher doses of polyplexes than lPEI and their ability to pass the pulmonary barrier could be favorably exploited for transfection of distant organs or tissues, such as tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Maze
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Inserm and University of Orléans, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Inserm and University of Orléans, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Inserm and University of Orléans, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France.
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2
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Evans CW, Ho D, Marlow JB, King JJ, Hee C, Wong LN, Atkin R, Smith NM, Warr GG, Norret M, Iyer KS. Intracellular Communication between Synthetic Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14112-14120. [PMID: 35901278 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral delivery is an important strategy for selective and efficient gene therapy, immunization, and RNA interference, which overcomes problems of genotoxicity and inherent immunogenicity associated with viral vectors. Liposomes and polymers are compelling candidates as carriers for intracellular, non-viral delivery, but maximal efficiencies of around 1% have been reported for the most advanced non-viral carriers. Here, we develop a library of dendronized bottlebrush polymers with controlled defects, displaying a level of precision surpassed only by biological molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. We test concurrent and competitive delivery of DNA and show for the first time that, while intracellular communication is thought to be an exclusively biomolecular phenomenon, such communication between synthetic macromolecular complexes can also take place. Our findings challenge the assumption that delivery agents behave as bystanders that enable transfection by passive intracellular release of genetic cargo and improve upon coarse strategies in intracellular carrier design lacking control over polymer sequence, architecture, and composition, leading to a hit-or-miss outcome. Understanding the communication that takes place between macromolecules will help improve the design of non-viral delivery agents and facilitate translation of genome engineering, vaccines, and nucleic acid-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W Evans
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Diwei Ho
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Joshua B Marlow
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica J King
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charmaine Hee
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lucas N Wong
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicole M Smith
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marck Norret
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - K Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Kumar R. Materiomically Designed Polymeric Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Quo Vadis? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2507-2535. [PMID: 35642794 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in molecular biology, particularly in site-specific genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and base editing, financial and logistical challenges hinder a broad population from accessing and benefiting from gene therapy. To improve the affordability and scalability of gene therapy, we need to deploy chemically defined, economical, and scalable materials, such as synthetic polymers. For polymers to deliver nucleic acids efficaciously to targeted cells, they must optimally combine design attributes, such as architecture, length, composition, spatial distribution of monomers, basicity, hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase balance, or protonation degree. Designing polymeric vectors for specific nucleic acid payloads is a multivariate optimization problem wherein even minuscule deviations from the optimum are poorly tolerated. To explore the multivariate polymer design space rapidly, efficiently, and fruitfully, we must integrate parallelized polymer synthesis, high-throughput biological screening, and statistical modeling. Although materiomics approaches promise to streamline polymeric vector development, several methodological ambiguities must be resolved. For instance, establishing a flexible polymer ontology that accommodates recent synthetic advances, enforcing uniform polymer characterization and data reporting standards, and implementing multiplexed in vitro and in vivo screening studies require considerable planning, coordination, and effort. This contribution will acquaint readers with the challenges associated with materiomics approaches to polymeric gene delivery and offers guidelines for overcoming these challenges. Here, we summarize recent developments in combinatorial polymer synthesis, high-throughput screening of polymeric vectors, omics-based approaches to polymer design, barcoding schemes for pooled in vitro and in vivo screening, and identify materiomics-inspired research directions that will realize the long-unfulfilled clinical potential of polymeric carriers in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1613 Illinois St, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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4
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Coelho F, Botelho C, Paris JL, Marques EF, Silva BF. Influence of the media ionic strength on the formation and in vitro biological performance of polycation-DNA complexes. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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5
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Monnery BD. Polycation-Mediated Transfection: Mechanisms of Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4060-4083. [PMID: 34498457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyplex-mediated gene transfection is now in its' fourth decade of serious research, but the promise of polyplex-mediated gene therapy has yet to fully materialize. Only approximately one in a million applied plasmids actually expresses. A large part of this is due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of polyplex transfection. There is an assumption that internalization must follow a canonical mechanism of receptor mediated endocytosis. Herein, we present arguments that untargeted (and most targeted) polyplexes do not utilize these routes. By incorporating knowledge of syndecan-polyplex interactions, we can show that syndecans are the "target" for polyplexes. Further, it is known that free polycations (which disrupt cell-membranes by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipid esters) are necessary for (untargeted) endocytosis. This can be incorporated into the model to produce a novel mechanism of endocytosis, which fits the observed phenomenology. After membrane translocation, polyplex containing vesicles reach the endosome after diffusing through the actin mesh below the cell membrane. From there, they are acidified and trafficked toward the lysosome. Some polyplexes are capable of escaping the endosome and unpacking, while others are not. Herein, it is argued that for some polycations, as acidification proceeds the polyplexes excluding free polycations, which disrupt the endosomal membrane by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, allowing the polyplex to escape. The polyplex's internal charge ratio is now insufficient for stability and it releases plasmids which diffuse to the nucleus. A small proportion of these plasmids diffuse through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), with aggregation being the major cause of loss. Those plasmids that have diffused through the NPC will also aggregate, and this appears to be the reason such a small proportion of nuclear plasmids express mRNA. Thus, the structural features which promote unpacking in the endosome and allow for endosomal escape can be determined, and better polycations can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Monnery
- Department of Organic and (Bio)Polymer Chemistry, Hasselt University, Building F, Agoralaan 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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6
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Gómez-Varela AI, Gaspar R, Miranda A, Assis JL, Valverde RHF, Einicker-Lamas M, Silva BFB, De Beule PAA. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy as a valuable tool to characterize cationic liposome-DNA nanoparticle assembly. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000200. [PMID: 32827206 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of nonviral gene delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications requires methods capable of quantifying the association between the genes and their carrier counterparts. Here we investigate the potential of fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) to characterize and optimize the assembly of nonviral cationic liposome (CL)-DNA complexes based on a CL formulation consisting of the cationic lipid DOTAP and zwitterionic lipid DOPC. We use a DNA plasmid for lipoplex loading encoding the Oct4 gene, critically involved in reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. We demonstrate that FCCS is able to quantitatively determine the extent of the association between DNA and the liposomes and assess its loading capacity. We also establish that the cationic lipid fraction, being proportional to the liposome membrane charge density, as well as charge ratio between the CLs and anionic DNA play an important role in the degree of interaction between the liposomes and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Gómez-Varela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gaspar
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Miranda
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Juliane L Assis
- Biomembranes Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael H F Valverde
- Biomembranes Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Einicker-Lamas
- Biomembranes Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno F B Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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8
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Haladjova E, Chrysostomou V, Petrova M, Ugrinova I, Pispas S, Rangelov S. Physicochemical Properties and Biological Performance of Polymethacrylate Based Gene Delivery Vector Systems: Influence of Amino Functionalities. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000352. [PMID: 33283423 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical characteristics and biological performance of polyplexes based on two identical copolymers bearing tertiary amino or quaternary ammonium groups are evaluated and compared. Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) block copolymer (PDMAEMA-b-POEGMA) is synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The tertiary amines of PDMAEMA are converted to quaternary ammonium groups by quaternization with methyl iodide. The two copolymers spontaneously formed well-defined polyplexes with DNA. The size, zeta potential, molar mass, aggregation number, and morphology of the polyplex particles are determined. The parent PDMAEMA-b-POEGMA exhibits larger buffering capacity, whereas the corresponding quaternized copolymer (QPDMAEMA-b-POEGMA) displays stronger binding affinity to DNA, yielding invariably larger in size and molar mass particles bearing greater number of DNA molecules per particle. Experiments revealed that QPDMAEMA-b-POEGMA is more effective in transfecting pEGFP-N1 than the parent copolymer, attributed to the larger size, molar mass, and DNA cargo, as well as to the effective cellular traffic, which dominated over the enhanced ability for endo-lysosomal escape of PDMAEMA-b-POEGMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Haladjova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev st. bl.103A, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Maria Petrova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev st. bl.21, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev st. bl.21, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Stanislav Rangelov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev st. bl.103A, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
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9
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Haladjova E, Smolíček M, Ugrinova I, Momekova D, Shestakova P, Kroneková Z, Kronek J, Rangelov S. DNA delivery systems based on copolymers of poly (2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) and polyethyleneimine: Effect of polyoxazoline moieties on the endo‐lysosomal escape. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Haladjova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Maroš Smolíček
- Department for Biomaterials ResearchPolymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University Mlynská dolina Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | | | - Pavletta Shestakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Department for Biomaterials ResearchPolymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Department for Biomaterials ResearchPolymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
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10
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Fliervoet LA, Lisitsyna ES, Durandin NA, Kotsis I, Maas-Bakker RFM, Yliperttula M, Hennink WE, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Vermonden T. Structure and Dynamics of Thermosensitive pDNA Polyplexes Studied by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:73-88. [PMID: 31500418 PMCID: PMC6961130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combining multiple stimuli-responsive functionalities into the polymer design is an attractive approach to improve nucleic acid delivery. However, more in-depth fundamental understanding how the multiple functionalities in the polymer structures are influencing polyplex formation and stability is essential for the rational development of such delivery systems. Therefore, in this study the structure and dynamics of thermosensitive polyplexes were investigated by tracking the behavior of labeled plasmid DNA (pDNA) and polymer with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The successful synthesis of a heterofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macroinitiator containing both an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) initiator is reported. The use of this novel PEG macroinitiator allows for the controlled polymerization of cationic and thermosensitive linear triblock copolymers and labeling of the chain-end with a fluorescent dye by maleimide-thiol chemistry. The polymers consisted of a thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, N), hydrophilic PEG (P), and cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA, D) block, further referred to as NPD. Polymer block D chain-ends were labeled with Cy3, while pDNA was labeled with FITC. The thermosensitive NPD polymers were used to prepare pDNA polyplexes, and the effect of the N/P charge ratio, temperature, and composition of the triblock copolymer on the polyplex properties were investigated, taking nonthermosensitive PD polymers as the control. FRET was observed both at 4 and 37 °C, indicating that the introduction of the thermosensitive PNIPAM block did not compromise the polyplex structure even above the polymer's cloud point. Furthermore, FRET results showed that the NPD- and PD-based polyplexes have a less dense core compared to polyplexes based on cationic homopolymers (such as PEI) as reported before. The polyplexes showed to have a dynamic character meaning that the polymer chains can exchange between the polyplex core and shell. Mobility of the polymers allow their uniform redistribution within the polyplex and this feature has been reported to be favorable in the context of pDNA release and subsequent improved transfection efficiency, compared to nondynamic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies A.
L. Fliervoet
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S. Lisitsyna
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nikita A. Durandin
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilias Kotsis
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel F. M. Maas-Bakker
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Yadav N, Kumar N, Prasad P, Shirbhate S, Sehrawat S, Lochab B. Stable Dispersions of Covalently Tethered Polymer Improved Graphene Oxide Nanoconjugates as an Effective Vector for siRNA Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14577-14593. [PMID: 29634909 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Conjugates of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) with modified graphene oxide (GO) are attractive nonviral vectors for gene-based cancer therapeutics. GO protects siRNA from enzymatic cleavage and showed reasonable transfection efficiency along with simultaneous benefits of low cost and large scale production. PAMAM is highly effective in siRNA delivery but suffers from high toxicity with poor in vivo efficacy. Co-reaction of GO and PAMAM led to aggregation and more importantly, have detrimental effect on stability of dispersion at physiological pH preventing their exploration at clinical level. In the current work, we have designed, synthesized, characterized and explored a new type of hybrid vector (GPD), using GO synthesized via improved method which was covalently tethered with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PAMAM. The existence of covalent linkage, relative structural changes and properties of GPD is well supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis), Raman, X-ray photoelectron (XPS), elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of GPD showed longitudinally aligned columnar self-assembled ∼10 nm thick polymeric nanoarchitectures onto the GO surface accounting to an average size reduction to ∼20 nm. GPD revealed an outstanding stability in both phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and serum containing cell medium. The binding efficiency of EPAC1 siRNA to GPD was supported by gel retardation assay, DLS, zeta potential and photoluminescence (PL) studies. A lower cytotoxicity with enhanced cellular uptake and homogeneous intracellular distribution of GPD/siRNA complex is confirmed by imaging studies. GPD exhibited a higher transfection efficiency with remarkable inhibition of cell migration and lower invasion than PAMAM and Lipofectamine 2000 suggesting its role in prevention of breast cancer progression and metastasis. A significant reduction in the expression of the specific protein against which siRNA was delivered is revealed by Western blot assay. Furthermore, a pH-triggered release of siRNA from the GPD/siRNA complex was studied to provide a mechanistic insight toward unloading of siRNA from the vector. Current strategy is a way forward for designing effective therapeutic vectors for gene-based antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seema Sehrawat
- Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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12
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Lisitsyna ES, Ketola TM, Morin-Picardat E, Liang H, Hanzlíková M, Urtti A, Yliperttula M, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Reveals Fine Structure and Dynamics of Poly(l-lysine) and Polyethylenimine Based DNA Polyplexes. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10782-10792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Lisitsyna
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiia-Maaria Ketola
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Emmanuelle Morin-Picardat
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.
Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Huamin Liang
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Martina Hanzlíková
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.
Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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13
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Difference in the core-shell dynamics of polyethyleneimine and poly( l -lysine) DNA polyplexes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 103:122-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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