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Silberstein S, Spierings ELH, Kunkel T. Celecoxib Oral Solution and the Benefits of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS) Technology: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2023; 12:1109-1119. [PMID: 37329440 PMCID: PMC10444713 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-023-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral route of drug delivery is the most widespread and preferred route of administration, but it has several limitations, including variable pharmacokinetics (PK), reduced dissolution and absorption, and gastrointestinal irritation. Further, many compounds have low aqueous solubility, which also limits intestinal absorption. METHODS For this narrative review, we conducted a literature search of PubMed until August 2022, focusing on emulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. RESULTS The self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) overcomes these limitations of hydrophobic compounds to enhance their bioavailability. A SMEDDS formulation is a clear, thermodynamically stable, oil-in-water emulsion of lipid, solubilized drug, and two surfactants, which spontaneously forms droplets < 100 nm in diameter. These components help deliver presolubilized drugs to the gastrointestinal tract, while protecting them from degradation in gastric acid or first-pass hepatic metabolism. SMEDDS formulations have improved oral drug delivery in the treatment of cancer (paclitaxel), viral infections (ritonavir), and migraine headache (ibuprofen and celecoxib oral solution). The American Headache Society recently updated their consensus statement for the acute treatment of migraine and included a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor formulated in SMEDDS, celecoxib oral solution. This SMEDDS formulation showed pronounced improvement in bioavailability compared with celecoxib capsules, allowing for a low dose of celecoxib in the oral solution to provide safe and effective acute migraine treatment. Here, we will focus on SMEDDS formulations, what differentiates them from other analogous emulsions as vehicles for poorly soluble drugs, and their clinical application in the acute treatment of migraine. CONCLUSIONS Oral drugs reformulated in SMEDDS have shown accelerated times to peak plasma drug concentrations and increased maximum plasma concentrations, compared with capsules, tablets, or suspensions. SMEDDS technology increases both drug absorption and bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, compared with other formulations. Clinically, this allows the use of lower doses with improved PK profiles without compromising efficacy, as shown with celecoxib oral solution for the acute treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd Kunkel
- Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc., 100 Technology Center Drive, Suite 300, Stoughton, MA, 02072, USA.
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2
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Duraivel S, Laurent D, Rajon DA, Scheutz GM, Shetty AM, Sumerlin BS, Banks SA, Bova FJ, Angelini TE. A silicone-based support material eliminates interfacial instabilities in 3D silicone printing. Science 2023; 379:1248-1252. [PMID: 36952407 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Among the diverse areas of 3D printing, high-quality silicone printing is one of the least available and most restrictive. However, silicone-based components are integral to numerous advanced technologies and everyday consumer products. We developed a silicone 3D printing technique that produces precise, accurate, strong, and functional structures made from several commercially available silicone formulations. To achieve this level of performance, we developed a support material made from a silicone oil emulsion. This material exhibits negligible interfacial tension against silicone-based inks, eliminating the disruptive forces that often drive printed silicone features to deform and break apart. The versatility of this approach enables the use of established silicone formulations in fabricating complex structures and features as small as 8 micrometers in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Duraivel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Dimitri Laurent
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Didier A Rajon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Georg M Scheutz
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Scott A Banks
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Frank J Bova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Thomas E Angelini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Duraivel S, Subramaniam V, Chisolm S, Scheutz GM, Sumerlin BS, Bhattacharjee T, Angelini TE. Leveraging ultra-low interfacial tension and liquid-liquid phase separation in embedded 3D bioprinting. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:031307. [PMID: 38505275 PMCID: PMC10903370 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Many recently developed 3D bioprinting strategies operate by extruding aqueous biopolymer solutions directly into a variety of different support materials constituted from swollen, solvated, aqueous, polymer assemblies. In developing these 3D printing methods and materials, great care is often taken to tune the rheological behaviors of both inks and 3D support media. By contrast, much less attention has been given to the physics of the interfaces created when structuring one polymer phase into another in embedded 3D printing applications. For example, it is currently unclear whether a dynamic interfacial tension between miscible phases stabilizes embedded 3D bioprinted structures as they are shaped while in a liquid state. Interest in the physics of interfaces between complex fluids has grown dramatically since the discovery of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in living cells. We believe that many new insights coming from this burst of investigation into LLPS within biological contexts can be leveraged to develop new materials and methods for improved 3D bioprinting that leverage LLPS in mixtures of biopolymers, biocompatible synthetic polymers, and proteins. Thus, in this review article, we highlight work at the interface between recent LLPS research and embedded 3D bioprinting methods and materials, and we introduce a 3D bioprinting method that leverages LLPS to stabilize printed biopolymer inks embedded in a bioprinting support material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Duraivel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Vignesh Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Steven Chisolm
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Georg M. Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Brent. S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Tapomoy Bhattacharjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas E. Angelini
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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4
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Shen Y, Xu J, Yang M, Huang Y, Zhang C, Zhou J, Sun K, Meng S. Durably Self-Sustained Droplet on a Fully Miscible Liquid Film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3993-4000. [PMID: 35333054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Droplets impacting onto a solid or liquid surface inducing wetting, floatation, splash, coalescence, etc. is ubiquitous in nature and industrial processes. Here, we report that liquid droplets exhibit spherical caps upon contact with a fully miscible liquid film of lower surface tension, despite the spontaneous mixing of the two liquids. Such a spherical cap on a continuous liquid surface sustains a long lifespan up to minutes before ultimately merging into the film. Benefiting from large viscous forces in a thin film as a result of spatial confinement, the surface flow is substantially suppressed. Therefore, the surface tension gradient responsible for this phenomenon is maintained because the normal diffusion of film liquid into the droplet can timely dilute film liquid supplied by uphill Marangoni flow at the droplet surface. The present finding removes the conventional cognition that droplet coalescence is prompt on fully miscible continuous liquid surfaces, thus benefiting design of new types of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Shen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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5
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Dinh T, Cubaud T. Role of Interfacial Tension on Viscous Multiphase Flows in Coaxial Microfluidic Channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7420-7429. [PMID: 34115496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the influence of interfacial tension on liquid/liquid microflows for fluids having large viscosity contrasts. A coaxial microdevice is employed to examine the situation where a less-viscous fluid is injected in a sheath of a more-viscous fluid using both immiscible and miscible fluid pairs. Data obtained from high-speed imaging reveal a variety of regular flow regimes, including dripping, jetting, wavy, core-annular, diffusive jet, mist, and inverted thread flow patterns. Flow maps are delineated over a wide range of injection flow rates, and an original methodology based on periodic pattern analysis is developed to clarify relationships between interfacial dynamics and fluid properties of multiphase materials. Specifically, we show the smooth evolution of droplet size and spacing at the transition between dripping and jetting flows and develop scaling relationships based on capillary numbers to predict droplet flow morphologies. For similar flow conditions, reducing interfacial tension leads to a significant decrease in droplet size. For miscible fluid pairs, diffusive jets are observed at low Péclet numbers, whereas wavy core-annular flows are obtained at moderate Reynolds numbers for both immiscible and miscible fluids. This work provides a unifying description of the influence of interfacial properties on viscous microflow phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Dinh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Cubaud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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6
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Vorobev A, Prokopev S, Lyubimova T. Nonequilibrium Capillary Pressure of a Miscible Meniscus. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4817-4826. [PMID: 33856813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We examine the dynamics of a miscible displacement in a capillary, calculating the nonequilibrium capillary pressure of a moving (and slowly diffusing) miscible meniscus. During the displacement, the capillary pressure varies with time following stretching and smearing of a miscible interface. The capillary pressure remains different from zero for a long time (on a diffusion time scale), slowing the displacement. This capillary pressure is however completely ignored by all theories currently available for practical modeling of miscible displacements in capillaries and porous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy Vorobev
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Sergei Prokopev
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, UB RAS, Perm 614013, Russia
| | - Tatyana Lyubimova
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, UB RAS, Perm 614013, Russia
- Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russia
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Mossige EJ, Chandran Suja V, Islamov M, Wheeler SF, Fuller GG. Evaporation-induced Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in polymer solutions. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190533. [PMID: 32507094 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanics of detrimental convective instabilities in drying polymer solutions is crucial in many applications such as the production of film coatings. It is well known that solvent evaporation in polymer solutions can lead to Rayleigh-Bénard or Marangoni-type instabilities. Here, we reveal another mechanism, namely that evaporation can cause the interface to display Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities due to the build-up of a dense layer at the air-liquid interface. We study experimentally the onset time (tp) of the instability as a function of the macroscopic properties of aqueous polymer solutions, which we tune by varying the polymer concentration (c0), molecular weight and polymer type. In dilute solutions, tp shows two limiting behaviours depending on the polymer diffusivity. For high diffusivity polymers (low molecular weight), the pluming time scales as [Formula: see text]. This result agrees with previous studies on gravitational instabilities in miscible systems where diffusion stabilizes the system. On the other hand, in low diffusivity polymers the pluming time scales as [Formula: see text]. The stabilizing effect of an effective interfacial tension, similar to those in immiscible systems, explains this strong concentration dependence. Above a critical concentration, [Formula: see text], viscosity delays the growth of the instability, allowing time for diffusion to act as the dominant stabilizing mechanism. This results in tp scaling as (ν/c0)2/3. This article is part of the theme issue 'Stokes at 200 (Part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mossige
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V Chandran Suja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Islamov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S F Wheeler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Song W, Ramesh NN, Kovscek AR. Spontaneous fingering between miscible fluids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Wang J, McGorty R. Measuring capillary wave dynamics using differential dynamic microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7412-7419. [PMID: 31465080 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interface between two fluids is roughened by thermally excited capillary waves. By using colloid-polymer systems which exhibit liquid-gas phase separation, the time and length scales of capillary waves become accessible to optical microscopy methods. Here, we study such a system using bright-field optical microscopy combined with a novel extension of differential dynamic microscopy. With differential dynamic microscopy, we analyze images in order to determine the decay time of interfacial fluctuations spanning wavevectors from 0.1 to 1 μm-1. We find capillary velocities on the order of 0.1 μm s-1 that depend on the sample composition in expected ways and that match values from the literature. This work demonstrates the first application of differential dynamic microscopy to the study of interfacial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
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10
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Carbonaro A, Cipelletti L, Truzzolillo D. Spinning Drop Dynamics in Miscible and Immiscible Environments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11330-11339. [PMID: 31403308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the extensional dynamics of spinning drops in miscible and immiscible background fluids following a rotational speed jump. Two radically different behaviors are observed. Drops in immiscible environments relax exponentially to their equilibrium shape, with a relaxation time that does not depend on the centrifugal force. We find an excellent quantitative agreement with the relaxation time predicted for quasi-spherical drops by Stone and Bush (Q. Appl. Math. 1996, 54, 551), while other models proposed in the literature fail to capture our data. By contrast, drops immersed in a miscible background fluid do not relax to a steady shape: they elongate indefinitely, their length following a power-law l(t)∼t2/5 in very good agreement with the dynamics predicted by Lister and Stone (J. Fluid Mech. 1996, 317, 275) for inviscid drops. Our results strongly suggest that low compositional gradients in miscible fluids do not give rise to an effective interfacial tension measurable by spinning drop tensiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carbonaro
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C)UMR 5221, CNRS-Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Luca Cipelletti
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C)UMR 5221, CNRS-Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C)UMR 5221, CNRS-Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
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11
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Stetten AZ, Treece BW, Corcoran TE, Garoff S, Przybycien TM, Tilton RD. Evolution and Disappearance of Solvent Drops on Miscible Polymer Subphases. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018; 546:266-275. [PMID: 30416264 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, an interface is defined as a boundary between immiscible phases. However, previous work has shown that even when two fluids are completely miscible, they maintain a detectable "effective interface" for long times. Miscible interfaces have been studied in various systems of two fluids with a single boundary between them. However, this work has not extended to the three-phase system of a fluid droplet placed on top of a miscible pool. We show that these three-phase systems obey the same wetting conditions as immiscible systems, and that their drop shapes obey the Augmented Young-Laplace Equation. Over time, the miscible interface diffuses and the shape of the drop evolves. We place 2-microliter drops of water atop miscible poly(acrylamide) solutions. The drop is completely wetted by the subphase, and then remains detectable beneath the surface for many minutes. An initial effective interfacial tension can be approximated to be on the order of 0.5 mN/m using the capillary number. Water and poly(acrylamide) are completely miscible in all concentrations, and yet, when viewed from the side, the drop maintains a capillary shape. Study of this behavior is important to the understanding of effective interfaces between miscible polymer phases, which are pervasive in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Z Stetten
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bradley W Treece
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy E Corcoran
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stephen Garoff
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Todd M Przybycien
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Robert D Tilton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Truzzolillo D, Cipelletti L. Hydrodynamic instabilities in miscible fluids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:033001. [PMID: 29239300 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9eaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic instabilities in miscible fluids are ubiquitous, from natural phenomena up to geological scales, to industrial and technological applications, where they represent the only way to control and promote mixing at low Reynolds numbers, well below the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. As for immiscible fluids, the onset of hydrodynamic instabilities in miscible fluids is directly related to the physics of their interfaces. The focus of this review is therefore on the general mechanisms driving the growth of disturbances at the boundary between miscible fluids, under a variety of forcing conditions. In the absence of a regularizing mechanism, these disturbances would grow indefinitely. For immiscible fluids, interfacial tension provides such a regularizing mechanism, because of the energy cost associated to the creation of new interface by a growing disturbance. For miscible fluids, however, the very existence of interfacial stresses that mimic an effective surface tension is debated. Other mechanisms, however, may also be relevant, such as viscous dissipation. We shall review the stabilizing mechanisms that control the most common hydrodynamic instabilities, highlighting those cases for which the lack of an effective interfacial tension poses deep conceptual problems in the mathematical formulation of a linear stability analysis. Finally, we provide a short overview on the ongoing research on the effective, out of equilibrium interfacial tension between miscible fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 4 F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Sahu A, Sauer RA, Mandadapu KK. Irreversible thermodynamics of curved lipid membranes. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:042409. [PMID: 29347561 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.042409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The theory of irreversible thermodynamics for arbitrarily curved lipid membranes is presented here. The coupling between elastic bending and irreversible processes such as intramembrane lipid flow, intramembrane phase transitions, and protein binding and diffusion is studied. The forms of the entropy production for the irreversible processes are obtained, and the corresponding thermodynamic forces and fluxes are identified. Employing the linear irreversible thermodynamic framework, the governing equations of motion along with appropriate boundary conditions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Sahu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Roger A Sauer
- Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES), RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kranthi K Mandadapu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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