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Moch K, Gainaru C, Böhmer R. Dielectric and Shear-Mechanical "Humps" in the Nonlinear Response of Polar Glassformers. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39213502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Many glassformers display electrorheological effects and a pronounced maximum in their frequency dependent nonlinear dielectric response. The latter so-called "hump" feature was often linked to correlated-particle motions and, so far, was not explored in the large-perturbation mechanical response of viscous liquids. To first clarify the electro-viscoelastic coupling in the linear domain, using the modified Gemant, DiMarzio, and Bishop model, it is demonstrated how the small-amplitude shear mechanical response of S-methoxy-PC, a derivative of propylene carbonate, can be related to its complex dielectric permittivity. Then, in the nonlinear regime, a "hump" feature is identified in the rheological third-order shear modulus of S-methoxy-PC and of another polar glassformer, propylene glycol. Thus, the observation of a "hump" in the cubic response of viscous liquids does not necessarily rely on the application of electrical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moch
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Biroli G, Bouchaud JP, Ladieu F. Amorphous Order and Nonlinear Susceptibilities in Glassy Materials. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7578-7586. [PMID: 34251214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We review 15 years of theoretical and experimental work on the nonlinear response of glassy systems. We argue that an anomalous growth of the peak value of nonlinear susceptibilities is a signature of growing "amorphous order" in the system, with spin-glasses as a case in point. Experimental results on supercooled liquids are fully compatible with the random first-order transition (RFOT) prediction of compact "glassites" of increasing volume as temperature is decreased, or as the system ages. We clarify why such a behavior is hard to explain within purely kinetic theories of glass formation, despite recent claims to the contrary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Biroli
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchaud
- CFM, 23 rue de l'Université, F-75007 Paris, France.,Académie des Sciences, Quai de Conti, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Francois Ladieu
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay Bat 772, F-91191 Cedex Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Abstract
AbstractUsing Brownian dynamics simulations, we investigate the response to shear of a two-dimensional system of quasi-hard disks that are confined in the velocity gradient direction by a smooth external potential. Shearing the confined system leads to a homogenization of the one-body density profile. In order to rationalize this deconfinement effect, we split the internal one-body force field into adiabatic and superadiabatic contributions. We demonstrate that the superadiabatic force field consists of viscous and of structural contributions. We give an empirical scaling law that yields results for the superadiabatic force profiles both in the flow and in the gradient direction, in excellent agreement with the simulation data.
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Honorio G, Bierwirth SP, Gainaru C, Böhmer R. Nonlinear electrical and rheological spectroscopies identify structural and supramolecular relaxations in a model peptide. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4334-4345. [PMID: 31073564 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Supercooled liquid secondary amides display an electrical absorption peak characterized by an almost Debye-like shape, indicative of a close-to-exponential polarization response. This response, believed to be supramolecular in nature, is so enormously intense that the amide's structural process, contributing only a few percent to the total relaxation strength, is hard to resolve reliably using standard dielectric spectroscopy. To overcome this issue, nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy involving field-induced structural recovery and temperature-induced physical aging, was applied near the calorimetric glass transition of a mixture of N-methylformamide and N-ethylacetamide. Without the need to rely on cumbersome deconvolution procedures, it is thus demonstrated that the supramolecular response is by a factor of 6 slower than the structural relaxation. Conversely, in linear rheological experiments only the structural relaxation could be resolved, but not the supramolecular one. However, medium-amplitude oscillatory shear experiments carried out at 160 K do reveal the supramolecular process. Hence, the combination of linear and nonlinear mechanical measurements corroborates the dielectrically uncovered spectral separation of the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Honorio
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Bierwirth SP, Honorio G, Gainaru C, Böhmer R. Linear and nonlinear shear studies reveal supramolecular responses in supercooled monohydroxy alcohols with faint dielectric signatures. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:104501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5086529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Peter Bierwirth
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gabriel Honorio
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Richert R. Perspective: Nonlinear approaches to structure and dynamics of soft materials. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:240901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5065412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA and I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Gadige P, Albert S, Michl M, Bauer T, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A, Tourbot R, Wiertel-Gasquet C, Biroli G, Bouchaud JP, Ladieu F. Unifying different interpretations of the nonlinear response in glass-forming liquids. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:032611. [PMID: 29346923 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at reconsidering several interpretations coexisting in the recent literature concerning nonlinear susceptibilities in supercooled liquids. We present experimental results on glycerol and propylene carbonate, showing that the three independent cubic susceptibilities have very similar frequency and temperature dependences, for both their amplitudes and phases. This strongly suggests a unique physical mechanism responsible for the growth of these nonlinear susceptibilities. We show that the framework proposed by two of us [J.-P. Bouchaud and G. Biroli, Phys. Rev. B 72, 064204 (2005)PRBMDO1098-012110.1103/PhysRevB.72.064204], where the growth of nonlinear susceptibilities is intimately related to the growth of glassy domains, accounts for all the salient experimental features. We then review several complementary and/or alternative models and show that the notion of cooperatively rearranging glassy domains is a key (implicit or explicit) ingredient to all of them. This paves the way for future experiments, which should deepen our understanding of glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gadige
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Albert
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Michl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Th Bauer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - R Tourbot
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Wiertel-Gasquet
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Biroli
- IPhT, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Bâtiment 774, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.,LPS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - J-P Bouchaud
- Capital Fund Management, 23 Rue de l'Université, 75007 Paris, France
| | - F Ladieu
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Richert R. Nonlinear dielectric effects in liquids: a guided tour. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:363001. [PMID: 28665294 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7cc4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric relaxation measurements probe how the polarization of a material responds to the application of an external electric field, providing information on structure and dynamics of the sample. In the limit of small fields and thus linear response, such experiments reveal the properties of the material in the same thermodynamic state it would have in the absence of the external field. At sufficiently high fields, reversible changes in enthalpy and entropy of the system occur even at constant temperature, and these will in turn alter the polarization responses. The resulting nonlinear dielectric effects feature field induced suppressions (saturation) and enhancements (chemical effect) of the amplitudes, as well as time constant shifts towards faster (energy absorption) and slower (entropy reduction) dynamics. This review focuses on the effects of high electric fields that are reversible and observed at constant temperature for single component glass-forming liquids. The experimental challenges involved in nonlinear dielectric experiments, the approaches to separating and identifying the different sources of nonlinear behavior, and the current understanding of how high electric fields affect dielectric materials will be discussed. Covering studies from Debye's initial approach to the present state-of-the-art, it will be emphasized what insight can be gained from the nonlinear responses that are not available from dielectric relaxation results obtained in the linear regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, United States of America
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