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Yin C, Chen X, Zhang H, Xue Y, Dong H, Mao X. Pickering emulsion biocatalysis: Bridging interfacial design with enzymatic reactions. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108338. [PMID: 38460741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-homogeneous enzyme-catalyzed systems are more widely used than homogeneous systems. Distinguished from the conventional biphasic approach, Pickering emulsion stabilized by ultrafine solid particles opens up an innovative platform for biocatalysis. Their vast specific surface area significantly enhances enzyme-substrate interactions, dramatically increasing catalytic efficiency. This review comprehensively explores various aspects of Pickering emulsion biocatalysis, provides insights into the multiple types and mechanisms of its catalysis, and offers strategies for material design, enzyme immobilization, emulsion formation control, and reactor design. Characterization methods are summarized for the determination of drop size, emulsion type, interface morphology, and emulsion potential. Furthermore, recent reports on the design of stimuli-responsive reaction systems are reviewed, enabling the simple control of demulsification. Moreover, the review explores applications of Pickering emulsion in single-step, cascade, and continuous flow reactions and outlines the challenges and future directions for the field. Overall, we provide a review focusing on Pickering emulsions catalysis, which can draw the attention of researchers in the field of catalytic system design, further empowering next-generation bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Xiangyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Yong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
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2
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Frungieri G, Briesen H. A population balance model for the flow-induced preparation of Pickering emulsions. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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3
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Chachanidze R, Xie K, Lyu J, Jaeger M, Leonetti M. Breakups of Chitosan Microcapsules in Extensional Flow. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:445-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Field RD, Moelis N, Salzman J, Bax A, Ausiello D, Woodward SM, Wu X, Dominici F, Edwards DA. Inhaled Water and Salt Suppress Respiratory Droplet Generation and COVID-19 Incidence and Death on US Coastlines. MOLECULAR FRONTIERS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2529732521400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry air alters salt and water balance in the upper airways and increases the risks of COVID-19 among other respiratory diseases. We explored whether such upper airway variations in salt and water balance might alter respiratory droplet generation and potentially contribute to observed impacts of airway hydration on respiratory disease. In a randomized 4-arm study of 21 healthy human subjects we found that the breathing of humid air, the wearing of cotton masks, and the delivery of (sodium, calcium, and magnesium chloride) salt droplets sized to deposit in the nose, trachea, and main bronchi similarly reduce the exhalation of respiratory droplets by approximately 50% ([Formula: see text] < 0.05) within 10 minutes following hydration. Respiratory droplet generation returns to relatively high baseline levels within 60–90 minutes on return to dry air in all cases other than on exposure to divalent (calcium and magnesium) salts, where suppression continues for 4–5 hours. We also found via a preliminary ecological regression analysis of COVID-19 cases in the United States between January 2020 and March 2021 that exposure to elevated airborne salt on (Gulf and Pacific) US coastlines appears to suppress by approximately 25%–30% ([Formula: see text] < 0.05) COVID-19 incidence and deaths per capita relative to inland counties — accounting for ten potential confounding environmental, physiological, and behavioral variables including humidity. We conclude that the hydration of the upper airways by exposure to humidity, the wearing of masks, or the breathing of airborne salts that deposit in the upper airways diminish respiratory droplet generation and may reduce the risks of COVID-19 incidence and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Field
- School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Nathan Moelis
- School of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Huntington Avenue, USA
| | | | - Adriaan Bax
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dennis Ausiello
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Xiao Wu
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David A. Edwards
- Sensory Cloud, 650 East Kendall St, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Khobaib K, Hornowski T, Rozynek Z. Particle-covered droplet and a particle shell under compressive electric stress. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:062605. [PMID: 34271657 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.062605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the behavior of an individual droplet suspended in a liquid and subjected to a stress is important for studying and designing more complex systems, such as emulsions. Here, we present an experimental study of the behavior of a particle-covered droplet and its particle shell under compressive stress. The stress was induced by an application of a DC electric field. We studied how the particle coverage (φ), particle size (d), and the strength of an electric field (E) influence the magnitude of the droplet deformation (D). The experimental results indicate that adding electrically insulating particles to a droplet interface drastically changes the droplet deformation by increasing its magnitude. We also found that the magnitude of the deformation is not retraceable during the electric field sweeping, i.e., the strain-stress curves form a hysteresis loop due to the energy dissipation. The field-induced droplet deformation was accompanied by structural and morphological changes in the particle shell. We found that shells made of smaller particles were more prone to jamming and formation of arrested shells after removal of an electric stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khobaib Khobaib
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hornowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rozynek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,PoreLab, The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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6
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Xiang SY, Ye LSY, Huang YJ, Lv YD, Kong MQ, Li GX. Coalescence Suppression in Flowing Polymer Blends Using Silica Rods with Different Surface Chemistries. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Kaganyuk M, Mohraz A. Shear-induced deformation and interfacial jamming of solid-stabilized droplets. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4431-4443. [PMID: 32322857 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00374c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We use rheo-microscopy to directly investigate the dynamics of solid-stabilized droplets subjected to shear flow of a surrounding bulk fluid. In our system, the stabilizing particles are weakly attractive through the continuous fluid phase and along the droplet interface. Under shear, droplets stabilized by these particles at near-complete surface coverage exhibit a number of previously unforeseen phenomena, including negative-then-positive deviations from the predictions of Taylor and the behavior of bare droplets, evolution toward spherocylindrical shapes, and an earlier onset of rupture than their bare counterparts, which we explain in light of the weak attractive interparticle interactions along the droplet interface. We also demonstrate the formation of long-lived anisotropic particle-coated droplets by flow cessation, and provide evidence that this is due to the formation of a jammed, disordered particle network along the interface at surface coverage lower than the starting conditions. Importantly, these newly observed phenomena are shown to be sensitive to the droplets' initial surface coverage. Our findings provide new technologically-relevant insights into the physics of particle-coated droplets under fluidic or other external stresses, and introduce avenues for future research to better understand the roles of interparticle interactions and surface coverage in mediating the interfacial rheology of particle-laden interfaces and solid-stabilized emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaganyuk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2580, USA.
| | - A Mohraz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2580, USA.
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Wan B, Tsabet E, Fradette L. Impact of Particles on Breakage and Coalescence Processes during the Preparation of Solid-Stabilized Emulsions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Emir Tsabet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Louis Fradette
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
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9
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Li T, Klebes J, Dobnikar J, Clegg PS. Controlling the morphological evolution of a particle-stabilized binary-component system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5575-5578. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work bridges the morphological evolution in particle-stabilized low molecular weight liquids and that in polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | | | - Jure Dobnikar
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Paul S. Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Edinburgh
- James Clerk Maxwell Building
- Edinburgh
- UK
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Zhou Y, Huang M, Lu T, Guo H. Nanorods with Different Surface Properties in Directing the Compatibilization Behavior and the Morphological Transition of Immiscible Polymer Blends in Both Shear and Shear-Free Conditions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manxia Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Mikkelsen A, Rozynek Z, Khobaib K, Dommersnes P, Fossum JO. Transient deformation dynamics of particle laden droplets in electric field. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhao L, Boufadel MC, Katz J, Haspel G, Lee K, King T, Robinson B. A New Mechanism of Sediment Attachment to Oil in Turbulent Flows: Projectile Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11020-11028. [PMID: 28876050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of oil and sediment in the environment determines, to a large extent, the trajectory and fate of oil. Using confocal microscope imaging techniques to obtain detailed 3D structures of oil-particle aggregates (OPAs) formed in turbulent flows, we elucidated a new mechanism of particle attachment, whereby the particles behave as projectiles penetrating the oil droplets to depths varying from ∼2 to 10 μm due to the hydrodynamic forces in the water. This mechanism results in a higher attachment of particles on oil in comparison with adsorption, as commonly assumed. The projectile hypothesis also explains the fragmentation of oil droplets with time, which occurred after long hours of mixing, leading to the formation of massive OPA clusters. Various lines of inquiry strongly suggested that protruding particles get torn from oil droplets and carry oil with them, causing the torn particles to be amphiphillic so that they contribute to the formation of massive OPAs of smaller oil droplets (<∼5-10 μm). Low particle concentration resulted in large, irregularly shaped oil blobs over time, the deformation of which without fragmentation could be due to partial coverage of the oil droplet surface by particles. The findings herein revealed a new pathway for the fate of oil in environments containing non-negligible sediment concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Center for Natural Resources Development and Protection, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michel C Boufadel
- Center for Natural Resources Development and Protection, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Joseph Katz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gal Haspel
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography , Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Thomas King
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography , Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Brian Robinson
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography , Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada
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13
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Gooneie A, Holzer C. Reinforced local heterogeneities in interfacial tension distribution in polymer blends by incorporating carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Gai Y, Kim M, Pan M, Tang SKY. Amphiphilic nanoparticles suppress droplet break-up in a concentrated emulsion flowing through a narrow constriction. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:034117. [PMID: 28652887 PMCID: PMC5466449 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the break-up behavior of a concentrated emulsion comprising drops stabilized by amphiphilic silica nanoparticles flowing in a tapered microchannel. Such geometry is often used in serial droplet interrogation and sorting processes in droplet microfluidics applications. When exposed to high viscous stresses, drops can undergo break-up and compromise their physical integrity. As these drops are used as micro-reactors, such compromise leads to a loss in the accuracy of droplet-based assays. Here, we show droplet break-up is suppressed by replacing the fluoro-surfactant similar to the one commonly used in current droplet microfluidics applications with amphiphilic nanoparticles as droplet stabilizer. We identify parameters that influence the break-up of these drops and demonstrate that break-up probability increases with increasing capillary number and confinement, decreasing nanoparticle size, and is insensitive to viscosity ratio within the range tested. Practically, our results reveal two key advantages of nanoparticles with direct applications to droplet microfluidics. First, replacing surfactants with nanoparticles suppresses break-up and increases the throughput of the serial interrogation process to 3 times higher than that in surfactant system under similar flow conditions. Second, the insensitivity of break-up to droplet viscosity makes it possible to process samples having different composition and viscosities without having to change the channel and droplet geometry in order to maintain the same degree of break-up and corresponding assay accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gai
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ming Pan
- Department of Material Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sindy K Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Electric Field-Driven Assembly of Sulfonated Polystyrene Microspheres. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10040329. [PMID: 28772690 PMCID: PMC5507009 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A designed assembly of particles at liquid interfaces offers many advantages for development of materials, and can be performed by various means. Electric fields provide a flexible method for structuring particles on drops, utilizing electrohydrodynamic circulation flows, and dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic interactions. In addition to the properties of the applied electric field, the manipulation of particles often depends on the intrinsic properties of the particles to be assembled. Here, we present an easy approach for producing polystyrene microparticles with different electrical properties. These particles are used for investigations into electric field-guided particle assembly in the bulk and on surfaces of oil droplets. By sulfonating polystyrene particles, we produce a set of particles with a range of dielectric constants and electrical conductivities, related to the sulfonation reaction time. The paper presents diverse particle behavior driven by electric fields, including particle assembly at different droplet locations, particle chaining, and the formation of ribbon-like structures with anisotropic properties.
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