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Strachota B, Strachota A, Vratović L, Pavlova E, Šlouf M, Kamel S, Cimrová V. Exceptionally Fast Temperature-Responsive, Mechanically Strong and Extensible Monolithic Non-Porous Hydrogels: Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Intercalated with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. Gels 2023; 9:926. [PMID: 38131912 PMCID: PMC10742870 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exceptionally fast temperature-responsive, mechanically strong, tough and extensible monolithic non-porous hydrogels were synthesized. They are based on divinyl-crosslinked poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide) (PNIPAm) intercalated by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). HPMC was largely extracted after polymerization, thus yielding a 'template-modified' PNIPAm network intercalated with a modest residue of HPMC. High contents of divinyl crosslinker and of HPMC caused a varying degree of micro-phase-separation in some products, but without detriment to mechanical or tensile properties. After extraction of non-fixed HPMC, the micro-phase-separated products combine superior mechanical properties with ultra-fast T-response (in 30 s). Their PNIPAm network was highly regular and extensible (intercalation effect), toughened by hydrogen bonds to HPMC, and interpenetrated by a network of nano-channels (left behind by extracted HPMC), which ensured the water transport rates needed for ultra-fast deswelling. Moreover, the T-response rate could be widely tuned by the degree of heterogeneity during synthesis. The fastest-responsive among our hydrogels could be of practical interest as soft actuators with very good mechanical properties (soft robotics), while the slower ones offer applications in drug delivery systems (as tested on the example of Theophylline), or in related biomedical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (L.V.); (E.P.); (M.Š.); (V.C.)
| | - Adam Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (L.V.); (E.P.); (M.Š.); (V.C.)
| | - Leana Vratović
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (L.V.); (E.P.); (M.Š.); (V.C.)
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (L.V.); (E.P.); (M.Š.); (V.C.)
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (L.V.); (E.P.); (M.Š.); (V.C.)
| | - Samir Kamel
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33, El-Bohouth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Věra Cimrová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (B.S.); (L.V.); (E.P.); (M.Š.); (V.C.)
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Self-Healing and Super-Elastomeric PolyMEA-co-SMA Nanocomposites Crosslinked by Clay Platelets. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100657. [PMID: 36286158 PMCID: PMC9601507 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel solvent-free ultra-extensible, tough, and self-healing nanocomposite elastomers were synthesized. The self-assembled materials were based on the copolymer matrix poly(methoxyethyl acrylate-co-sodium methacrylate) physically crosslinked by clay nano-platelets (‘poly[MEA-co-SMA]/clay’). Depending on the content of SMA, the super-elastomers were predominantly hydrophobic, water-swelling, or fully water-soluble, and hence repeatedly processible. The SMA co-monomer introduces a tremendous increase in tensile strength, an increase in toughness, while ultra-extensibility is preserved. By tuning the contents of nano-clay and SMA co-monomer, a very wide range of product properties was achieved, including extreme ultra-extensibility, or high stiffness combined with more moderate super-extensibility, or very different values of tensile strength. There was very attractive, great improvement in autonomous self-healing ability induced by SMA, combined with tremendously enhanced self-recovery of internal mechanical damage: even complete self-recovery could be achieved. The ionic SMA repeat units were found to assemble to multiplets, which are phase-separated in the hydrophobic polyMEA matrix. The dynamics of SMA-units-hopping between these aggregates was of key importance for the mechanical, visco-elastic, tensile, and self-healing properties. The studied super-elastomers are attractive as advanced self-healing materials in engineering, soft robotics, and in medical or implant applications.
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Byś K, Strachota B, Strachota A, Pavlova E, Steinhart M, Mossety-Leszczak B, Zając W. Novel Tough and Transparent Ultra-Extensible Nanocomposite Elastomers Based on Poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) and Their Switching between Plasto-Elasticity and Viscoelasticity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234254. [PMID: 34883757 PMCID: PMC8659642 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel stiff, tough, highly transparent and ultra-extensible self-assembled nanocomposite elastomers based on poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (polyMEA) were synthesized. The materials are physically crosslinked by small in-situ-formed silica nanospheres, sized 3-5 nm, which proved to be a very efficient macro-crosslinker in the self-assembled network architecture. Very high values of yield stress (2.3 MPa), tensile strength (3.0 MPa), and modulus (typically 10 MPa), were achieved in combination with ultra-extensibility: the stiffest sample was breaking at 1610% of elongation. Related nanocomposites doubly filled with nano-silica and clay nano-platelets were also prepared, which displayed interesting synergy effects of the fillers at some compositions. All the nanocomposites exhibit 'plasto-elastic' tensile behaviour in the 'as prepared' state: they display considerable energy absorption (and also 'necking' like plastics), but at the same time a large but not complete (50%) retraction of deformation. However, after the first large tensile deformation, the materials irreversibly switch to 'real elastomeric' tensile behaviour (with some creep). The initial 'plasto-elastic' stretching thus causes an internal rearrangement. The studied materials, which additionally are valuable due to their high transparency, could be of application interest as advanced structural materials in soft robotics, in implant technology, or in regenerative medicine. The presented study focuses on structure-property relationships, and on their effects on physical properties, especially on the complex tensile, elastic and viscoelastic behaviour of the polyMEA nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Byś
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 06 Praha, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (B.S.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Beata Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 06 Praha, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (B.S.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Adam Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 06 Praha, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (B.S.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296-809-451
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 06 Praha, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (B.S.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Miloš Steinhart
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 06 Praha, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (B.S.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Beata Mossety-Leszczak
- Department of Industrial and Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Weronika Zając
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Okten Besli NS, Orakdogen N. Exploring the role of Muscovite in poly(alkyl methacrylate)-based ternary nanocomposite cryogels with selective functional groups: formation via cryogelling with the aid of inorganic clay. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9371-9386. [PMID: 34605525 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00950h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Easy fabrication of inorganic clay muscovite (MUS) embedded poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid-co-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PADH) nanocomposite cryogels with dual temperature/pH dependent catalytic potential was reported. Nanocomposite cryogels were fabricated by a method involving cryogelation and free radical crosslinking of aqueous systems containing MUS ranging from 0% to 1.50% (w/v). The changes in the properties of polybasic PADH networks were investigated to explain how the network parameters and gel properties were affected by the addition of clay, with the formation of a single terpolymer-MUS structure. The potential of the addition of different amounts of MUS to strengthen the prepared terpolymer matrix was investigated by uniaxial compression tests. By lowering the polymerization temperature or increasing the MUS content, the PADH/MUS nanocomposite cryogels became more elastic and compressible with stronger entanglement of terpolymer chains between the clay layers. With the addition of 1.50% (w/v) MUS, the swelling capacity was reduced by 50%, resulting in a two-fold increase in compression elasticity. The nanocomposite gels showed a strong pH-dependence, and when the pH of the swelling medium decreased from 9.8 to 2.1, there was a significant increase in the degree of swelling with increasing protonation of tertiary amine groups. Under an acidic environment, the swelling capacity of the nanocomposite gel containing 1.10% (w/v) MUS increased by 49.5%. In temperature dependent swelling between 15 and 75 °C, all ternary PADH/MUS-Ngels showed a tendency to swell at low and high swelling temperatures, by the predominance of DEAEM units at low temperatures and HEMA monomers at high temperatures, respectively. As the temperature was increased to 55 °C, the swelling decreased and reached a minimum, and then the nanocomposite gels tended to swell again. The obtained results provide an insight into the effect of MUS addition on the properties of poly(alkyl methacrylate)-based ternary nanocomposite gels and demonstrate a simple and efficient way to produce multiple response systems with enhanced elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sena Okten Besli
- Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey.
| | - Nermin Orakdogen
- Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey.
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Macroporous zwitterionic composite cryogel based on chitosan oligosaccharide for antifungal application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112327. [PMID: 34474878 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a time-dependent antimicrobial carbohydrate, is found antifungal active with a short duration of action due to excessive solubility. We attempted to address this issue by employing a hydrogel as a COS carrier. In this research, macroporous zwitterionic composite cryogels composed of COS and poly(N-methacryl arginine) (PMarg) were fabricated, serving as long-term antifungal dressings. Firstly, Marg was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Then, the COS/PMarg cryogels were prepared by redox initiation cryopolymerization. The macroporous morphology of the cryogels was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with pore size varying from 20.86 to 50.87 μm. FTIR indicated that hydrogen bonding formed between COS and PMarg, and the interaction elevated thermal stability of the cryogels as evidenced by thermal-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Swelling capacity, mechanical properties, and COS release behavior of the COS/PMarg cryogels were investigated. With the release of COS, the antifouling activity of the cryogel increased. Antimicrobial tests indicated the COS/PMarg cryogel could effectively inhibit the proliferation of Candida albicans. It demonstrated that the macroporous zwitterionic COS/PMarg composite cryogel might be a potential antifungal dressing with sequential "sterilization-release" capacity.
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Strachota B, Strachota A, Steinhart M, Šlouf M, Hodan J. Ultra‐extensible solvent‐free elastomers based on nanocomposite poly(2‐methoxyethylacrylate)/clay xerogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Adam Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Steinhart
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hodan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
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Saadat Y, Kim K, Foudazi R. Initiator-dependent kinetics of lyotropic liquid crystal-templated thermal polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that how the locus of initiation can change kinetics and mechanical properties of polymerized lyotropic liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Saadat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Materials Physics and Applications Division
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - Reza Foudazi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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Strachota B, Oleksyuk K, Strachota A, Šlouf M. Porous hybrid poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels with very fast volume response to temperature and pH. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Qavi S, Bandegi A, Firestone M, Foudazi R. Polymerization in soft nanoconfinement of lamellar and reverse hexagonal mesophases. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8238-8250. [PMID: 31576891 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the kinetics of thermal polymerization in nanoconfined domains of lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) templates by using chemorheological studies at different temperatures. We investigate lamellar and reverse hexagonal LLC phases with the same concentration of the monomeric phase. Results show that the mesophase structures remain intact during thermal polymerization with very slight changes in the domain size. The polymerization rate decreases in the nanoconfined structure compared to the bulk state due to the segregation effect, which increases the local monomer concentration and enhances the termination rate. Additionally, the polymerization rate is faster in the studied reverse hexagonal systems compared to the lamellar ones due to their lower degree of confinement. A higher degree of confinement also induces a lower monomer conversion. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms the obtained results from chemorheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Qavi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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Okten NS, Tanc B, Orakdogen N. Design and molecular dynamics of multifunctional sulfonated poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)/mica hybrid cryogels through freezing-induced gelation. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7043-7062. [PMID: 31436777 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses various strategies that have been explored to design sulfonated poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)/mica hybrid-gels with optimized network parameters and mechanical/swelling properties. A series of hybrid cryogels and hydrogels containing amino and sulfonic acid groups were prepared from N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid in the presence of inorganic additive mica via a cryogelation process and conventional in situ copolymerization. Cryogelation was used to fine-tune the mechanical properties of the PDMAEMA-based hybrid gels. The effects of pH, temperature and mica content on the network parameters, mechanical properties and swelling behavior were discussed. X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that mica particles had participated in (cryo)polymerization, and the thermal stability and surface morphologies were improved by the addition of mica. The profile of water loss, decomposition of amine groups and breakdown of PDMAEMA chains of the resulting hybrid gels were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. A critical mica concentration was found for the hybrid hydrogels where the degree of swelling attains a maximum value. Below 0.50% (w/v) of mica, the ionic nature of mica dominates its crosslinker effect. The hybrid cryogels were tough and able to recover at room temperature after compression testing. The prepared hybrid-gels showed an enhanced swelling response and on-off switching swelling characteristics in water and in aqueous NaCl solutions. The parameters of equilibrium swelling, the initial swelling rate, the diffusional exponent, and the diffusion coefficient were evaluated and the swelling kinetics of the hybrid hydrogels and cryogels in water followed the pseudo second order model. All the prepared hybrid hydrogel and cryogel materials with tunable mechanical stability and elasticity can be excellent candidates for designing smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sena Okten
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey. and Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Civil Engineering, 34158, Istanbul, Bakırkoy, Turkey
| | - Beril Tanc
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey.
| | - Nermin Orakdogen
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey.
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Tanc B, Orakdogen N. Insight into (alkyl)methacrylate-based copolymer/sepiolite nanocomposite cryogels containing amino and sulfonic acid groups: Optimization of network properties and elasticity via cryogelation process. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Strachota B, Strachota A, Šlouf M, Brus J, Cimrová V. Monolithic intercalated PNIPAm/starch hydrogels with very fast and extensive one-way volume and swelling responses to temperature and pH: prospective actuators and drug release systems. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:752-769. [PMID: 30633299 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable monolithic (non-porous) hydrogels based on poly(NIPAm-co-sodium methacrylate) intercalated by starch were prepared, and were found to display very fast and extensive one-way solvent (water) release, induced by both pH and temperature. With centimeter-sized 3D specimens, the achieved response times were as short as 4 min (for 70% water release), in combination with very large volume responses (shrinking ratios up to 15). The response time can be tuned from minutes, over tens of minutes, up to hours. The pH-induced deswelling is always slower than the temperature-induced one, but at the highest starch content, ca. 5.5 min are needed for 70% completion of the pH-triggered process. Simultaneous temperature- and pH-stimuli expectedly also lead to very fast water release. The unique intercalated structure and the temperature-dependent hydrogen bridging between the intercalated phases, as well as between these phases and water, were found to play the key role in the ability of the gels to rapidly release water and shrink, which was deeper elucidated in this work. The hydrogels are of interest as soft actuators, but also for chemical release systems or for drug release applications. The latter was successfully tested with theophylline as the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Věra Cimrová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Strachota B, Šlouf M, Hodan J, Matějka L. Advanced two-step cryopolymerization to form superporous thermosensitive PNIPA/clay gels with unique mechanical properties and ultrafast swelling-deswelling kinetics. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Strachota B, Šlouf M, Matějka L. Tremendous reinforcing, pore-stabilizing and response-accelerating effect of in situ
generated nanosilica in thermoresponsive poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide) cryogels. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Libor Matějka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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