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Laomeephol C, Tawinwung S, Suppipat K, Arunmanee W, Wang Q, Amie Luckanagul J. Surface functionalization of virus-like particles via bioorthogonal click reactions for enhanced cell-specific targeting. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124332. [PMID: 38866085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of nano drug carriers allows for precise delivery of therapeutic molecules to the target site. This technique involves attaching targeting molecules to the nanoparticle surface, facilitating selective interaction. In this study, we engineered virus-like particles (VLPs) to enhance their targeting capabilities. Azide groups incorporated on the lipid membranes of VLPs enabled bioorthogonal click reactions for conjugation with cycloalkyne-bearing molecules, providing efficient conjugation with high specificity. HIV-1 Gag VLPs were chosen due to their envelope, which allows host membrane component incorporation, and the Gag protein, which serves as a recognition motif for human T cells. This combination, along with antibody-mediated targeting, addresses the limitations of intracellular delivery to T cells, which typically exhibit low uptake of exogenous materials. The selective uptake of azide VLPs by CD3-positive T cells was evaluated in a co-culture system. Even without antibody conjugation, VLP uptake was enhanced in T cells, indicating their intrinsic targeting potential. Antibody conjugation further amplified this effect, demonstrating the synergistic benefits of the combined targeting approach. Our study shows that recombinant production of azide functionalized VLPs results in engineered nanoparticles that can be easily modified using bioorthogonal click reactions, providing high specificity and versatility for conjugation with various molecules, making it applicable to a wide range of biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavee Laomeephol
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Koramit Suppipat
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanatchaporn Arunmanee
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Jayaweera NP, Dunlap JH, Ahmed F, Larison T, Buzoglu Kurnaz L, Stefik M, Pellechia PJ, Fountain AW, Greytak AB. Coordination of Quantum Dots in a Polar Solvent by Small-Molecule Imidazole Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10942-10949. [PMID: 35797439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are attractive fluorophores for bioimaging and biomedical applications because of their favorable and tunable optoelectronic properties. In this study, the native hydrophobic ligand environment of oleate-capped sphalerite CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs was quantitatively exchanged with a set of imidazole-bearing small-molecule ligands. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and 1H NMR were used to identify and quantify three different ligand exchange processes: Z-type dissociation of the Zn(oleate)2, L-type association of the imidazole, and X-type anionic exchange of oleate with Cl-, all of which contributed to the overall ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwanthaka P Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - John H Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Fiaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Taylor Larison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Leman Buzoglu Kurnaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Morgan Stefik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Perry J Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Augustus W Fountain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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3
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Liu J, Su M, Chen X, Li Z, Fang Z, Yi L. Lipid-mediated biosynthetic labeling strategy for in vivo dynamic tracing of avian influenza virus infection. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1689-1699. [PMID: 34996310 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211063298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the infection behavior of avian influenza viruses is crucial for understanding viral pathogenesis and preventing its epidemics among people. A number of viral labeling methods have been utilized for tracking viral infection process, but most of them are laborious or decreasing viral activity. Herein we explored a lipid biosynthetic labeling strategy for dynamical tracking the infection of H5N1 pseudotype virus (H5N1p) in host. Biotinylated lipids (biotinyl Cap-PE) were successfully incorporated into viral envelope when it underwent budding process by taking advantage of host cell-derived lipid metabolism. Biotin-H5N1p virus was effectively in situ-labeled with streptavidin-modified near-infrared quantum dots (NIR SA-QDs) using streptavidin-biotin conjugation with well-preserved virus activities. Dual-labeled imaging obviously shows that H5N1p viruses are primarily taken up in host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In animal models, Virus-conjugated NIR QDs displayed extraordinary photoluminescence, superior stability, and tissue penetration in lung, allowing us to long-term monitor respiratory viral infection in a noninvasive manner. Importantly, the co-localization of viral hemagglutinin protein and QDs in infected lung further conformed the dynamic infection process of virus in vivo. Hence, this in situ QD-labeling strategy based on cell natural biosynthesis provides a brand-new and reliable tool for noninvasion visualizing viral infection in body in a real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhong Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekui Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yi
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Lim JW, Ahn YR, Park G, Kim HO, Haam S. Application of Nanomaterials as an Advanced Strategy for the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1570. [PMID: 34683863 PMCID: PMC8540357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses serious global health concerns with the continued emergence of new variants. The periodic outbreak of novel emerging and re-emerging infectious pathogens has elevated concerns and challenges for the future. To develop mitigation strategies against infectious diseases, nano-based approaches are being increasingly applied in diagnostic systems, prophylactic vaccines, and therapeutics. This review presents the properties of various nanoplatforms and discusses their role in the development of sensors, vectors, delivery agents, intrinsic immunostimulants, and viral inhibitors. Advanced nanomedical applications for infectious diseases have been highlighted. Moreover, physicochemical properties that confer physiological advantages and contribute to the control and inhibition of infectious diseases have been discussed. Safety concerns limit the commercial production and clinical use of these technologies in humans; however, overcoming these limitations may enable the use of nanomaterials to resolve current infection control issues via application of nanomaterials as a platform for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Yu-Rim Ahn
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Biohealth-machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Geunseon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Biohealth-machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (G.P.)
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5
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Ancajas CF, Ricks TJ, Best MD. Metabolic labeling of glycerophospholipids via clickable analogs derivatized at the lipid headgroup. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104971. [PMID: 32898510 PMCID: PMC7606648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic labeling, in which substrate analogs containing diminutive tags can infiltrate biosynthetic pathways and generate labeled products in cells, has led to dramatic advancements in the means by which complex biomolecules can be detected and biological processes can be elucidated. Within this realm, metabolic labeling of lipid products, particularly in a manner that is headgroup-specific, brings about a number of technical challenges including the complexity of lipid metabolic pathways as well as the simplicity of biosynthetic precursors to headgroup functionality. As such, only a handful of strategies for metabolic labeling of lipids have thus far been reported. However, these approaches provide enticing examples of how strategic modifications to substrate structures, particularly by introducing clickable moieties, can enable the hijacking of lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, early work in this field has led to an explosion in diverse applications by which these techniques have been exploited to answer key biological questions or detect and track various lipid-containing biological entities. In this article, we review these efforts and emphasize recent advancements in the development and application of lipid metabolic labeling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle F Ancajas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tanei J Ricks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) possess optical properties of superbright fluorescence, excellent photostability, narrow emission spectra, and optional colors. Labeled with QDs, single molecules/viruses can be rapidly and continuously imaged for a long time, providing more detailed information than when labeled with other fluorophores. While they are widely used to label proteins in single-molecule-tracking studies, QDs have rarely been used to study virus infection, mainly due to a lack of accepted labeling strategies. Here, we report a general method to mildly and readily label enveloped viruses with QDs. Lipid-biotin conjugates were used to recognize and mark viral lipid membranes, and streptavidin-QD conjugates were used to light them up. Such a method allowed enveloped viruses to be labeled in 2 h with specificity and efficiency up to 99% and 98%, respectively. The intact morphology and the native infectivity of viruses were preserved. With the aid of this QD labeling method, we lit wild-type and mutant Japanese encephalitis viruses up, tracked their infection in living Vero cells, and found that H144A and Q258A substitutions in the envelope protein did not affect the virus intracellular trafficking. The lipid-specific QD labeling method described in this study provides a handy and practical tool to readily "see" the viruses and follow their infection, facilitating the widespread use of single-virus tracking and the uncovering of complex infection mechanisms.IMPORTANCE Virus infection in host cells is a complex process comprising a large number of dynamic molecular events. Single-virus tracking is a versatile technique to study these events. To perform this technique, viruses must be fluorescently labeled to be visible to fluorescence microscopes. The quantum dot is a kind of fluorescent tag that has many unique optical properties. It has been widely used to label proteins in single-molecule-tracking studies but rarely used to study virus infection, mainly due to the lack of an accepted labeling method. In this study, we developed a lipid-specific method to readily, mildly, specifically, and efficiently label enveloped viruses with quantum dots by recognizing viral envelope lipids with lipid-biotin conjugates and recognizing these lipid-biotin conjugates with streptavidin-quantum dot conjugates. It is not only applicable to normal viruses, but also competent to label the key protein-mutated viruses and the inactivated highly virulent viruses, providing a powerful tool for single-virus tracking.
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7
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Wang F, Pan H, Yao X, He H, Liu L, Luo Y, Zhou H, Zheng M, Zhang R, Ma Y, Cai L. Bioorthogonal Metabolic Labeling Utilizing Protein Biosynthesis for Dynamic Visualization of Nonenveloped Enterovirus 71 Infection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3363-3370. [PMID: 31845579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal metabolic labeling through the endogenous cellular metabolic pathways (e.g., phospholipid and sugar) is a promising approach for effectively labeling live viruses. However, it remains a big challenge to label nonenveloped viruses due to lack of host-derived envelopes. Herein, a novel bioorthogonal labeling strategy is developed utilizing protein synthesis pathway to label and trace nonenveloped viruses. The results show that l-azidohomoalanine (Aha), an azido derivative of methionine, is more effective than azido sugars to introduce azido motifs into viral capsid proteins by substituting methionine residues during viral protein biosynthesis and assembly. The azide-modified EV71 (N3-EV71) particles are then effectively labeled with dibenzocyclooctyl (DBCO)-functionalized fluorescence probes through an in situ bioorthogonal reaction with well-preserved viral infectivity. Dual-labeled imaging clearly clarifies that EV71 virions primarily bind to scavenger receptors and are internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The viral particles are then transported into early and late endosomes where viral RNA is released in a low-pH dependent manner at about 70 min postinfection. These results first reveal viral trafficking and uncoating mechanisms, which may shed light on the pathogenesis of EV71 infection and contribute to antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Xiangjie Yao
- Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518100 , P. R. China
| | - Huamei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Haimei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518100 , P. R. China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
- HRYZ Biotech Co. , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
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8
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Wagner AM, Knipe JM, Orive G, Peppas NA. Quantum dots in biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:44-63. [PMID: 31082570 PMCID: PMC6642839 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting nanoparticles, more commonly known as quantum dots, possess unique size and shape dependent optoelectronic properties. In recent years, these unique properties have attracted much attention in the biomedical field to enable real-time tissue imaging (bioimaging), diagnostics, single molecule probes, and drug delivery, among many other areas. The optical properties of quantum dots can be tuned by size and composition, and their high brightness, resistance to photobleaching, multiplexing capacity, and high surface-to-volume ratio make them excellent candidates for intracellular tracking, diagnostics, in vivo imaging, and therapeutic delivery. We discuss recent advances and challenges in the molecular design of quantum dots are discussed, along with applications of quantum dots as drug delivery vehicles, theranostic agents, single molecule probes, and real-time in vivo deep tissue imaging agents. We present a detailed discussion of the biodistribution and toxicity of quantum dots, and highlight recent advances to improve long-term stability in biological buffers, increase quantum yield following bioconjugation, and improve clearance from the body. Last, we present an outlook on future challenges and strategies to further advance translation to clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Semiconducting nanoparticles, commonly known as quantum dots, possess unique size and shape dependent electrical and optical properties. In recent years, they have attracted much attention in biomedical imaging to enable diagnostics, single molecule probes, and real-time imaging of tumors. This review discusses recent advances and challenges in the design of quantum dots, and highlights how these strategies can further advance translation to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Wagner
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer M Knipe
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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9
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Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Luckanagul JA, Rojsitthisak P, Wang Q. Chemical modification of enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:666-679. [PMID: 30295307 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of enveloped viruses including nanometer size, consistent morphology, narrow size distribution, versatile functionality and biocompatibility have attracted attention from scientists to develop enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of the viral-based nanoparticles include vaccine development, imaging and targeted drug delivery. The modification of the structural elements of enveloped viruses is necessary for the desired functions. Here, we review the chemical approaches that have been utilized to develop bionanomaterials based on enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. We first provide an overview of the structures of enveloped viruses which are composed of nucleic acids, structural and functional proteins, glycan residues and lipid envelope. The methods for modification, including direct conjugation, metabolic incorporation of functional groups and peptide tag insertion, are described based on the biomolecular types of viral components. Layer-by-layer technology is also included in this review to illustrate the non-covalent modification of enveloped viruses. Then, we further elaborate the applications of chemically-modified enveloped viruses, virus-like particles and viral subcomponents in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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10
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Zhang LJ, Xia L, Xie HY, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Quantum Dot Based Biotracking and Biodetection. Anal Chem 2018; 91:532-547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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11
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Shen Y, Gee MY, Greytak AB. Purification technologies for colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:827-841. [PMID: 27942615 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost all applications of colloidal nanocrystals require some type of purification or surface modification process following nanocrystal growth. Nanocrystal purification - the separation of nanocrystals from undesired solution components - can perturb the surface chemistry and thereby the physical properties of colloidal nanocrystals due to changes in solvent, solute concentrations, and exposure of the nanocrystal surface to oxidation or hydrolysis. For example, nanocrystal quantum dots frequently exhibit decreased photoluminescence brightness after precipitation from the growth solvent and subsequent redissolution. Consequently, purification is an integral part of the synthetic chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals, and the effect of purification methods must be considered in order to accurately compare and predict the behavior of otherwise similar nanocrystal samples. In this Feature Article we examine established and emerging approaches to the purification of colloidal nanoparticles from a nanocrystal surface chemistry viewpoint. Purification is generally achieved by exploiting differences in properties between the impurities and the nanoparticles. Three distinct properties are typically manipulated: polarity (relative solubility), electrophoretic mobility, and size. We discuss precipitation, extraction, electrophoretic methods, and size-based methods including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and size-exclusion chromatography. The susceptibility of quantum dots to changes in surface chemistry, with changes in photoluminescence decay associated with surface chemical changes, extends even into the case of core/shell structures. Accordingly, the goal of a more complete description of quantum dot surface chemistry has been a driver of innovation in colloidal nanocrystal purification methods. We specifically examine the effect of purification on surface chemistry and photoluminescence in quantum dots as an example of the challenges associated with nanocrystal purification and how improved understanding can result from increasingly precise techniques, and associated surface-sensitive analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Megan Y Gee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - A B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. and USC Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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12
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Chen Z, Boyd SD, Calvo JS, Murray KW, Mejia GL, Benjamin CE, Welch RP, Winkler DD, Meloni G, D'Arcy S, Gassensmith JJ. Fluorescent Functionalization across Quaternary Structure in a Virus-like Particle. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2277-2283. [PMID: 28787574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous nanomaterials and, in particular, virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as robust and uniform platforms that are seeing wider use in biomedical research. However, there are a limited number of bioconjugation reactions for functionalizing the capsids, and very few of those involve functionalization across the supramolecular quaternary structure of protein assemblies. In this work, we exploit the recently described dibromomaleimide moiety as part of a bioconjugation strategy on VLP Qβ to break and rebridge the exposed and structurally important disulfides in good yields. Not only was the stability of the quaternary structure retained after the reaction, but the newly functionalized particles also became brightly fluorescent and could be tracked in vitro using a commercially available filter set. Consequently, we show that this highly efficient bioconjugation reaction not only introduces a new functional handle "between" the disulfides of VLPs without compromising their thermal stability but also can be used to create a fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Stefanie D Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jenifer S Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Kyle W Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Galo L Mejia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Candace E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Raymond P Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Duane D Winkler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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13
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Pan H, Li WJ, Yao XJ, Wu YY, Liu LL, He HM, Zhang RL, Ma YF, Cai LT. In Situ Bioorthogonal Metabolic Labeling for Fluorescence Imaging of Virus Infection In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604036. [PMID: 28218446 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical fluorescence imaging is an important strategy to explore the mechanism of virus-host interaction. However, current fluorescent tag labeling strategies often dampen viral infectivity. The present study explores an in situ fluorescent labeling strategy in order to preserve viral infectivity and precisely monitor viral infection in vivo. In contrast to pre-labeling strategy, mice are first intranasally infected with azide-modified H5N1 pseudotype virus (N3 -H5N1p), followed by injection of dibenzocyclooctyl (DBCO)-functionalized fluorescence 6 h later. The results show that DBCO dye directly conjugated to N3 -H5N1p in lung tissues through in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry with high specificity and efficacy. More remarkably, in situ labeling rather than conventional prelabeling strategy effectively preserves viral infectivity and immunogenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, in situ bioorthogonal viral labeling is a promising and reliable strategy for imaging and tracking viral infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Jie Yao
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Yun Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lan-Lan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Mei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Li Zhang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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14
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Chen Q, Chu T. A two-step strategy to radiolabel choline phospholipids with 99mTc in S180 cell membranes via strain-promoted cyclooctyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5472-5475. [PMID: 27777003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As tumor markers, the radiolabeling of choline (Cho)-containing phospholipids in cellular membranes with 99mTc is a challenge. The conventional strategy to combine the metallic radionuclide with Cho by large ligand damages the bioactivity of Cho, resulting in low tumor-to-nontumor ratios. Pretargeting strategy based on strain-promoted cyclooctyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction was applied to solve this general problem. Functional click synthons were synthesized as pretargeting components: azidoethyl-choline (AECho) serves as tumor marker and azadibenzocyclooctyne (ADIBO) conjugated to bis(2-pieolyl) amine (BPA) ligand (ADIBO-BPA) as 99mTc(CO)3-labeling and azido-binding group. Both in vitro cell experiment and in vivo biodistribution experiment indicate that it is versatile to radiolabel Cho in cellular membranes via this two-step pretargeting strategy. We believe that this pretargeting strategy can indeed enhance the target-specificity and also reduce background signals to optimize imaging quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Taiwei Chu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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15
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Shen Y, Roberge A, Tan R, Gee MY, Gary DC, Huang Y, Blom DA, Benicewicz BC, Cossairt BM, Greytak AB. Gel permeation chromatography as a multifunctional processor for nanocrystal purification and on-column ligand exchange chemistry. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5671-5679. [PMID: 30034705 PMCID: PMC6022040 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article illustrates the use of gel permeation chromatography (GPC, organic-phase size exclusion chromatography) to separate nanocrystals from weakly-bound small molecules, including solvent, on the basis of size. A variety of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals of different size, shape, composition, and surface termination are shown to yield purified samples with greatly reduced impurity concentrations. Additionally, the method is shown to be useful in achieving a change of solvent without requiring precipitation of the nanocrystals. By taking advantage of the different rates at which small molecules and nanoparticles travel through the column, we show that it is furthermore possible to use the GPC column as a multi-functional flow reactor that can accomplish in sequence the steps of initial purification, ligand exchange with controlled reactant concentration and interaction time, and subsequent cleanup without requiring a change of phase. This example of process intensification via GPC is shown to yield nearly complete displacement of the initial surface ligand population upon reaction with small molecule and macromolecular reactants to form ligand-exchanged nanocrystal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA .
| | - Adam Roberge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA .
| | - Rui Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA .
| | - Megan Y Gee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA .
| | - Dylan C Gary
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , USA
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA .
| | - Douglas A Blom
- USC Nanocenter , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA
| | - Brian C Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA .
- USC Nanocenter , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , USA
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA .
- USC Nanocenter , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC 29208 , USA
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16
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Wang W, Kapur A, Ji X, Zeng B, Mishra D, Mattoussi H. Multifunctional and High Affinity Polymer Ligand that Provides Bio-Orthogonal Coating of Quantum Dots. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2024-36. [PMID: 27482756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We detail the design of hydrophilic metal-coordinating ligands and their use for the effective coating of luminescent quantum dots (QDs). The ligand design exploits the specific, reagent-free nucleophilic addition reaction of amine-modified molecules toward maleic anhydride to introduce several lipoic acid metal anchors, hydrophilic zwitterion moieties, and specific reactive groups along a poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIMA) chain. Tunable reactive groups tested in this study include azide, biotin, carboxyl, and amine. Cap exchange with these multilipoic acid ligands via a photochemical ligation strategy yields homogeneous QD dispersions that are colloidally stable over several biologically relevant conditions and for extended periods of time. The zwitterionic coating yields compact nanoparticle size and imparts nonsticky surface properties onto the QDs, preventing protein absorption. The introduction of a controllable number of reactive groups allows conjugation of the QDs to biomolecules via bio-orthogonal coupling chemistries including (1) attachment of the neurotransmitter dopamine to QDs via amine-isothiocyanate reaction to produce a platform capable of probing interactions with cysteine in proteins, based on charge transfer interactions; (2) self-assembly of biotinylated QDs with streptavidin-dye; and (3) ligation of azide-functionalized QDs to cyclooctyne-modified transferrin via copper-free click chemistry, used for intracellular delivery. This ligand design strategy can be used to prepare an array of metal-coordinating ligands adapted for coating other inorganic nanoparticles, including magnetic and plasmonic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Anshika Kapur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Birong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Dinesh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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