1
|
Guo X, Li J, Wang F, Zhang J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Pan L. Application of conductive polymer hydrogels in flexible electronics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Fanyu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jia‐Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Wei L, Lan L, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Dawit H, Mao J, Guo L, Shen L, Wang L. Conductive biomaterials for cardiac repair: A review. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:157-178. [PMID: 33887448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the fatal diseases in humans. Its incidence is constantly increasing annually all over the world. The problem is accompanied by the limited regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes, yielding fibrous scar tissue formation. The propagation of electrical impulses in such tissue is severely hampered, negatively influencing the normal heart pumping function. Thus, reconstruction of the internal cardiac electrical connection is currently a major concern of myocardial repair. Conductive biomaterials with or without cell loading were extensively investigated to address this problem. This article introduces a detailed overview of the recent progress in conductive biomaterials and fabrication methods of conductive scaffolds for cardiac repair. After that, the advances in myocardial tissue construction in vitro by the restoration of intercellular communication and simulation of the dynamic electrophysiological environment are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the latest trend in the study of cardiac repair in vivo using various conductive patches is summarized. Finally, we discuss the achievements and shortcomings of the existing conductive biomaterials and the properties of an ideal conductive patch for myocardial repair. We hope this review will help readers understand the importance and usefulness of conductive biomaterials in cardiac repair and inspire researchers to design and develop new conductive patches to meet the clinical requirements. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: After myocardial infarction, the infarcted myocardial area is gradually replaced by heterogeneous fibrous tissue with inferior conduction properties, resulting in arrhythmia and heart remodeling. Conductive biomaterials have been extensively adopted to solve the problem. Summarizing the relevant literature, this review presents an overview of the types and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials, and focally discusses the recent advances in myocardial tissue construction in vitro and myocardial repair in vivo, which is rarely covered in previous reviews. As well, the deficiencies of the existing conductive patches and their construction strategies for myocardial repair are discussed as well as the improving directions. Confidently, the readers of this review would appreciate advantages and current limitations of conductive biomaterials/patches in cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Leqian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lizhen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yaya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hewan Dawit
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jifu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Lamei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Milani GM, Coutinho IT, Ambrosio FN, Monteiro do Nascimento MH, Lombello CB, Venancio EC, Champeau M. Poly(acrylic acid)/polypyrrole interpenetrated network as electro‐responsive hydrogel for biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Marques Milani
- Center of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil
| | - Isabela Trindade Coutinho
- Center of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil
| | - Felipe Nogueira Ambrosio
- Center of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil
| | | | | | - Everaldo Carlos Venancio
- Center of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil
| | - Mathilde Champeau
- Center of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Q, Feng L, Cheng H, Wang Y, Wu H, Xu T, Zhao W, Zhao C. Mussel-inspired ultra-stretchable, universally sticky, and highly conductive nanocomposite hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2221-2232. [PMID: 33623949 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing ultra-stretchable, universally sticky, and highly conductive nanocomposite hydrogels without doping agents and nanoparticle-aggregation is still a challenge. Herein, doping-free and nanoparticle-aggregation-inhibited hydrogels composed of Fe3+, dopamine (DA), pyrrole (Py) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were prepared. Polypyrrole-polydopamine (PPy-PDA)/PAA hydrogels were quickly formed due to the abundant ionic bonds and physical cross-linking under the addition of Fe3+. Moreover, the H+ ions of the carboxylic acid groups on the PAA polymer chain helped to improve the conductivity of the hydrogels. Surprisingly, the multi-functional hydrogels received a high stretchability of 1900%, a tissue-like elastic modulus of 22 kPa, an adhesive strength of 2125.9 J m-2, and a high conductivity of 0.39 S m-1. Besides, the PPy-PDA/PAA hydrogels showed good antioxidant activity, biocompatibility and tissue repairing behavior. In short, the prepared multi-functional hydrogels have potential to address the human clinical problem of tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Lan Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Huitong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China. and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China and College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pragya A, Mutalik S, Younas MW, Pang SK, So PK, Wang F, Zheng Z, Noor N. Dynamic cross-linking of an alginate-acrylamide tough hydrogel system: time-resolved in situ mapping of gel self-assembly. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10710-10726. [PMID: 35423570 PMCID: PMC8695775 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09210j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a popular class of biomaterial that are used in a number of commercial applications (e.g.; contact lenses, drug delivery, and prophylactics). Alginate-based tough hydrogel systems, interpenetrated with acrylamide, reportedly form both ionic and covalent cross-links, giving rise to their remarkable mechanical properties. In this work, we explore the nature, onset and extent of such hybrid bonding interactions between the complementary networks in a model double-network alginate-acrylamide system, using a host of characterisation techniques (e.g.; FTIR, Raman, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies), in a time-resolved manner. Further, due to the similarity of bonding effects across many such complementary, interpenetrating hydrogel networks, the broad bonding interactions and mechanisms observed during gelation in this model system, are thought to be commonly replicated across alginate-based and broader double-network hydrogels, where both physical and chemical bonding effects are present. Analytical techniques followed real-time bond formation, environmental changes and re-organisational processes that occurred. Experiments broadly identified two phases of reaction; phase I where covalent interaction and physical entanglements predominate, and; phase II where ionic cross-linking effects are dominant. Contrary to past reports, ionic cross-linking occurred more favourably via mannuronate blocks of the alginate chain, initially. Evolution of such bonding interactions was also correlated with the developing tensile and compressive properties. These structure-property findings provide mechanistic insights and future synthetic intervention routes to manipulate the chemo-physico-mechanical properties of dynamically-forming tough hydrogel structures according to need (i.e.; durability, biocompatibility, adhesion, etc.), allowing expansion to a broader range of more physically and/or environmentally demanding biomaterials applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Pragya
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Suhas Mutalik
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Muhammad Waseem Younas
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Siu-Kwong Pang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, University Research Facility in Life Sciences Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Faming Wang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, University Research Facility in Life Sciences Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- Central South University, School of Architecture and Art Changsha China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Nuruzzaman Noor
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ha JH, Shin HH, Choi HW, Lim JH, Mo SJ, Ahrberg CD, Lee JM, Chung BG. Electro-responsive hydrogel-based microfluidic actuator platform for photothermal therapy. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3354-3364. [PMID: 32749424 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00458h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimuli play an important role in regulating the delivery of plasmonic nanomaterials with cancer targeting peptides. Here, we developed an electro-responsive hydrogel-based microfluidic actuator platform for brain tumor targeting and photothermal therapy (PTT) applications. The electro-responsive hydrogels consisted of highly conductive silver nanowires (AgNWs) and biocompatible collagen I gels. We confirmed that an electrically conductive hydrogel could be used as an effective actuator by applying an electrical signal in the microfluidic platform. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated PTT efficacy for brain tumor cells using targetable Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-conjugated gold nanorods (GNRs). Therefore, our electro-responsive hydrogel-based microfluidic actuator platform could be useful for electro-responsive intelligent nanomaterial delivery and PTT applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi Z, Jin L, He C, Li Y, Jiang C, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao W, Zhao C. Hemocompatible magnetic particles with broad-spectrum bacteria capture capability for blood purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:1-9. [PMID: 32408158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen capture and removal from whole blood is a new strategy for extracorporeal blood purification, especially in initial treatment of sepsis before pathogen identification. Herein, hemocompatible magnetic particles with broad-spectrum bacteria capture capability were proposed for pathogen removal from whole blood, omitting the necessity of pathogen identification. Firstly, we designed and synthesized a new kind of imidazolium-based ionic liquid with good antibacterial activity, and polydopamine coating was utilized as a hemocompatible platform to immobilize ionic liquids on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, forming the hemocompatible magnetic particles (Fe3O4@PDA-IL). The magnetic particles exhibited good hemocompatibility and performed well in the removal of various species of clinically significant pathogens from human whole blood, including S. aureus, E. coli, and the hard-to-treat bacteria of P. aeruginosa and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, which are the most common pathogens in bloodstream infections. Besides, the Fe3O4@PDA-IL particles were also capable to remove bacterial endotoxins from blood, inhibiting further aggravation of sepsis. Overall, we demonstrated the application of hemocompatible magnetic particles in the removal of pathogens and bacterial endotoxins from whole blood via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, without significant effects on blood cells or the activation of coagulation and complement, addressing the feasibility of using imidazolium-based ionic liquids for bacteria capture and removal from whole blood. It would contribute to the development of magnetic separation-based approaches to remove bacteria and bacterial endotoxin for extracorporeal blood purification, especially in initial sepsis therapy before pathogen identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lunqiang Jin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yupei Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Chunji Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Radiation Chemistry Department, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang M, Fan L, Qin G, Hu X, Wang Y, Wang C, Yang J, Chen Q. Flexible and low temperature resistant semi-IPN network gel polymer electrolyte membrane and its application in supercapacitor. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Jiang L, Wang Y, Liu Z, Ma C, Yan H, Xu N, Gang F, Wang X, Zhao L, Sun X. Three-Dimensional Printing and Injectable Conductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Application. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:398-411. [PMID: 31115274 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of tissue engineering scaffolds is to simulate the physiological microenvironment, in which the electrical microenvironment is an important part. Hydrogel is an ideal material for tissue engineering scaffolds because of its soft, porous, water-bearing, and other extracellular matrix-like properties. However, the hydrogel matrix is usually not conductive and can hinder the communication of electrical signals between cells, which promotes researchers' attention to conductive hydrogels. Conductive hydrogels can promote the communication of electrical signals between cells and simulate the physiological microenvironment of electroactive tissues. Hydrogel formation is an important step for the application of hydrogels in tissue engineering. In situ forming of injectable hydrogels and customized forming of three-dimensional (3D) printing hydrogels represent two most potential advanced forming processes, respectively. In this review, we discuss (i) the classification, properties, and advantages of conductive hydrogels, (ii) the latest development of conductive hydrogels applied in myocardial, nerve, and bone tissue engineering, (iii) advanced forming processes, including injectable conductive hydrogels in situ and customized 3D printed conductive hydrogels, (iv) the challenges and opportunities of conductive hydrogels for tissue engineering. Impact Statement Biomimetic construction of electro-microenvironment is a challenge of tissue engineering. The development of conductive hydrogels provides possibility for the construction of biomimetic electro-microenvironment. However, the importance of conductive hydrogels in tissue engineering has not received enough attention so far. Herein, various conductive hydrogels and their tissue engineering applications are systematically reviewed. Two potential methods of conductive hydrogel forming, in situ forming of injectable conductive hydrogels and customized forming of three-dimensional printing conductive hydrogels, are introduced. The current challenges and future development directions of conductive hydrogels are comprehensively overviewed. This review provides a guideline for tissue engineering applications of conductive hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangli Gang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan B, Han L, Xiao H, Zhang J, Huang J, Hu W, Gu Y, Liu Q, Zeng H. Rapid Dewatering and Consolidation of Concentrated Colloidal Suspensions: Mature Fine Tailings via Self-Healing Composite Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21610-21618. [PMID: 31117468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Billions of tonnes of thick waste streams with highly concentrated colloidal suspensions from different origins have accumulated worldwide, exampled as over 220 km2 mature fine tailings (MFT) from oil sands production in north Alberta. Current treatment technologies are limited by slow yet insufficient water release and sludge consolidation. Herein, a self-healing composite hydrogel system is designed to convert concentrated aqueous colloidal suspensions (e.g., MFT with colloidal solid content >30 wt %) into a dynamic double cross-linked network for rapid dewatering and consolidation. The resultant composite hydrogel demonstrates an excellent dewatering performance so that over 50% of water could be rapidly released within 30 min by vacuum filtration. Furthermore, the formed infinite cross-linked network with self-healing ability can effectively trap fine particles of all sizes and capture small flocs during mechanical mixing, thereby enabling a low solid content at the ppm level in the released water. This new strategy outperforms all the previously reported treatment methods; under mechanical compression, over 80% of water is removed from the MFT, thereby generating a stackable material with >70 wt % solids within an hour. These results demonstrate a highly effective approach and provide insight into the development of advanced materials to tackle the challenging environmental slurry issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen Technology University , Shenzhen 518118 , China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Wenjihao Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Yingchun Gu
- College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He C, Ji H, Qian Y, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhao W, Zhao C. Heparin-based and heparin-inspired hydrogels: size-effect, gelation and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1186-1208. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The size-effect, fabrication methods and biomedical applications of heparin-based and heparin-inspired hydrogels are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yihui Qian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a promising bioelectronic interfacing material. This review discusses the fundamentals and recent advances in hydrogel bioelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Yuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He M, Wang Q, Zhao W, Zhao C. A substrate-independent ultrathin hydrogel film as an antifouling and antibacterial layer for a microfiltration membrane anchored via a layer-by-layer thiol-ene click reaction. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3904-3913. [PMID: 32254318 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00937f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a substrate-independent ultrathin hydrogel film was constructed on a microfiltration membrane through layer-by-layer (LbL) thiol-ene click chemistry to improve the antifouling and antibacterial properties. In our strategy, ene-functionalized dopamine was synthesized and coated onto a model substrate (polyethersulfone membrane) to introduce double bonds as anchoring sites for the hydrogel film; thiol-functionalized poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)mercaptosuccinate] (POEGMS) and ene-functionalized P(SBMA-co-AA) were synthesized as hydrogel precursors. The membrane was alternately immersed in the precursor solutions to form the ultrathin hydrogel film. Finally, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were loaded into the hydrogel layer by adsorption and reduction procedures. By coating the hydrogel films, the loaded AgNPs could kill almost all the contacting bacteria and the bacteria in the surroundings, and the enhanced hydrophilicity of the modified membrane could effectively prevent the attachment of the bacteria. The membrane flux showed no significant decrease, the rejection ratio of BSA increased from 51% to 89%, and the FRR increased from 36% to 90%. Moreover, the improvement of the hemocompatibility was confirmed by the decline in the plasma protein adsorption, prolonged clotting times, low hemolysis ratio, and prevention of platelet adhesion. Compared with that of other techniques for attaching hydrogel films, the main advantage of the current technique is that the hydrogel film thickness could be well controlled within the nanometer range; thus, it could significantly improve the antifouling and antibacterial properties of the membrane, but without compromising its permeability. Another advantage is that it is versatile for various substrates such as PVDF, PAN, and CA. This study opens up a facile and versatile route for anchoring ultrathin hydrogel film onto polymeric membranes to achieve excellent antifouling, antibacterial and hemocompatible properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Llorens-Gámez M, Serrano-Aroca Á. Low-Cost Advanced Hydrogels of Calcium Alginate/Carbon Nanofibers with Enhanced Water Diffusion and Compression Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E405. [PMID: 30966440 PMCID: PMC6415267 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of alginate films was synthesised with several calcium chloride cross-linker contents (from 3 to 18% w/w) with and without a very low amount (0.1% w/w) of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in order to reduce the production costs as much as possible. The results of this study showed a very significant enhancement of liquid water diffusion and mechanical compressive modulus for high calcium chloride contents when this minuscule amount of CNFs is incorporated into calcium alginate hydrogels. These excellent results are attributed to a double cross-linking process, in which calcium cations are capable of cross-linking both alginate chains and CNFs creating a reinforced structure exhibiting ultrafast water diffusion through carbon nanochannels. Thus, these excellent results render these new alginate composites very promising for many bioengineering fields in need of low-cost advanced hydrogels with superior water diffusion and compression properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Llorens-Gámez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Z, Zhang H, Chu AJ, Jackson J, Lin K, Lim CJ, Lange D, Chiao M. Mechanically enhanced nested-network hydrogels as a coating material for biomedical devices. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:98-109. [PMID: 29447960 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Well-organized composite formations such as hierarchical nested-network (NN) structure in bone tissue and reticular connective tissue present remarkable mechanical strength and play a crucial role in achieving physical and biological functions for living organisms. Inspired by these delicate microstructures in nature, an analogous scaffold of double network hydrogel was fabricated by creating a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) network in the porous structure of alginate hydrogels. The resulting hydrogel possessed hierarchical NN structure and showed significantly improved mechanical strength but still maintained high elasticity comparable to soft tissues due to a mutual strengthening effect between the two networks. The tough hydrogel is also self-lubricated, exhibiting a surface friction coefficient comparable with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates lubricated by a commercial aqueous lubricant (K-Y Jelly) and other low surface friction hydrogels. Additional properties of this hydrogel include high hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, tunable cell adhesion and bacterial resistance after incorporation of silver nanoparticles. Firm bonding of the hydrogel on silicone substrates could be achieved through facile chemical modification, thus enabling the use of this hydrogel as a versatile coating material for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we developed a tough hydrogel by crosslinking HEMA monomers in alginate hydrogels and forming a well-organized structure of hierarchical nested network (NN). Different from most reported stretchable alginate-based hydrogels, the NN hydrogel shows higher compressive strength but retains comparable softness to alginate counterparts. This work further demonstrated the good integration of the tough hydrogel with silicone substrates through chemical modification and micropillar structures. Other properties including surface friction, biocompatibility and bacterial resistance were investigated and the hydrogel shows a great promise as a versatile coating material for biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao W, Liu Q, Zhang X, Su B, Zhao C. Rationally designed magnetic nanoparticles as anticoagulants for blood purification. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:316-323. [PMID: 29413611 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-based anticoagulant drugs are widely used for the prevention of blood clotting during extracorporeal circuit (bloodlines or cassette system) and surgical procedures as well as for the treatment of thromboembolic events. However, these anticoagulants are associated with bleeding risks that demand continuous monitoring and neutralization with antidotes. We explore the possibility of utilizing anticoagulants for blood clotting prevention, then removing them before transfusing the blood back to body, thus avoid bleeding risks. Here, we report on the strength of a strategy to solve problems with bleeding risks by rationally designing and using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with layer-by-layer self-assembled heparin. The morphology of these SPIONs was investigated by using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro assays demonstrated superior efficacy and safety profiles and significantly mitigated conventional heparin-induced bleeding risks. In addition, the in vivo assay in a model animal (dog) proved that it is possible to use magnetic anticoagulant (MAC) in blood purification. The new magnetic anticoagulant drugs may benefit patients undergoing high-risk surgical procedures and may overcome anticoagulant-related bleeding problems to a great extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- West China Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Baihai Su
- West China Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li B, Zhong Q, Li D, Xu K, Zhang L, Wang J. Influence of Ethylene Glycol Methacrylate to the Hydration and Transition Behaviors of Thermo-Responsive Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E128. [PMID: 30966164 PMCID: PMC6415106 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of ethylene glycol methacrylate (EGMA) to the hydration and transition behaviors of thermo-responsive interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels containing sodium alginate, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), and EGMA were investigated. The molar ratios of NIPAAm and EGMA were varied from 20:0 to 19.5:0.5 and 18.5:1.5 in the thermo-responsive alginate-Ca2+/P(NIPAAm-co-EGMA) IPN hydrogels. Due to the more hydrophilicity and high flexibility of EGMA, the IPN hydrogels exhibited higher lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and lower glass transition temperature (Tg) when the ratio of EGMA increases. The swelling/deswelling kinetics of the IPN hydrogels could be controlled by adjusting the NIPAAm/EGMA molar ratio. A faster water uptake rate and a slower water loss rate could be realized by increase the amount of EGMA in the IPN hydrogel (the shrinking rate constant was decreased from 0.01207 to 0.01195 and 0.01055 with the changing of NIPAAm/EGMA ratio from 20:0, 19.5:0.5 to 18.5:1.5). By using 2-Isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) as a photo initiator, the obtained alginate-Ca2+/P(NIPAAm-co-EGMA360) IPN hydrogels were successfully immobilized on cotton fabrics. The surface and cross section of the hydrogel were probed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They all exhibited a porous structure, and the pore size was increased with the amount of EGMA. Moreover, the LCST values of the fabric-grafted hydrogels were close to those of the pure IPN hydrogels. Their thermal sensitivity remained unchanged. The cotton fabrics grafted with hydrogel turned out to be much softer with the continuous increase of EGMA amount. Therefore, compared with alginate-Ca2+/PNIPAAm hydrogel, alginate-Ca2+/P(NIPAAm-co-EGMA360) hydrogel is a more promising candidate for wound dressing in the field of biomedical textile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Silk Institute, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Silk Institute, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Silk Institute, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Silk Institute, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Silk Institute, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bu Y, Xu HX, Li X, Xu WJ, Yin YX, Dai HL, Wang XB, Huang ZJ, Xu PH. A conductive sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel doped with polypyrrole for peripheral nerve regeneration. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10806-10817. [PMID: 35541536 PMCID: PMC9078905 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01059e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer materials with electrically conductive properties have good applications in their respective fields because of their special properties. However, they usually exhibited poor mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this work, we present a simple approach to prepare conductive sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) polymer hydrogels (SA/CMCS/PPy) that can provide sufficient help for peripheral nerve regeneration. SA/CMCS hydrogel was cross-linked by calcium ions provided by the sustained release system consisting of d-glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and superfine calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and the conductivity of the hydrogel was provided by doped with polypyrrole (PPy). Gelation time, swelling ratio, porosity and Young's modulus of the conductive SA/CMCS/PPy hydrogel were adjusted by polypyrrole content, and the conductivity of it was within 2.41 × 10−5 to 8.03 × 10−3 S cm−1. The advantages of conductive hydrogels in cell growth were verified by controlling electrical stimulation of cell experiments, and the hydrogels were also used as a filling material for the nerve conduit in animal experiments. The SA/CMCS/PPy conductive hydrogel showed good biocompatibility and repair features as a bioactive biomaterial, we expect this conductive hydrogel will have a good potential in the neural tissue engineering. Polymer materials with electrically conductive properties have good applications in their respective fields because of their special properties.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Hai-Xing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Wen-Jin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Yi-xia Yin
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Hong-lian Dai
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Xiao-bin Wang
- Wuhan Kanghua Century Pharmaceutical Company
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Pei-Hu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|