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Sharma S, Sharma V, Taneja S, Alka Bhatia, Anand A, Patil AN, Banerjee D. Scopoletin a potential phytochemical therapy for antitubercular treatment drug induced liver injury (ATT-DILI) model in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:797-803. [PMID: 37732506 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hepatoprotective properties of scopoletin have been explored in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury but not in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) scenarios. Only N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has proven efficacy in DILI treatment. Accordingly, we conducted a study to assess the hepatoprotective action of scopoletin in the anti-tubercular treatment (ATT)-DILI model in Wistar rats, if any. METHODS A total of 36 rats were evaluated, with six in each group. A 36-day ATT at 100 mg/kg dose for isoniazid, 300 mg/kg for rifampicin and 700 mg/kg for pyrazinamide were fed to induce hepatotoxicity in rats. Group I and II-VI received normal saline and ATT, respectively. Oral scopoletin (1,5 and 10 mg/kg) and NAC 150 mg/kg were administered in groups III, IV, V and VI, respectively, once daily for the last 15 days of the experiment. LFT monitoring was performed at baseline, days 21, 28, and 36. Rats were sacrificed for the histopathology examination. RESULTS Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels were significantly increased in group II (receiving ATT) compared to normal control on day 28 and day 36 (p<0.05). All three doses of scopoletin and NAC groups led to the resolution of AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin changes induced by ATT medications effect beginning by day 28 and persisting on day 36 (p<0.01). An insignificant effect was observed on albumin and total protein levels. The effect was confirmed with antioxidants and histopathology analysis. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the hepatoprotective efficacy of scopoletin in a more robust commonly encountered liver injury etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Gao Y, Yu T, Wu Y, Huang X, Teng J, Zhao N, Zheng X, Yan F. Bacillus coagulans (Weizmannia coagulans) XY2 attenuates Cu-induced oxidative stress via DAF-16/FoxO and SKN-1/Nrf2 pathways and gut microbiota regulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131741. [PMID: 37270965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution has become a serious environmental problem especially in recent decades. In this study, the mechanisms of Bacillus coagulans (Weizmannia coagulans) XY2 against Cu-induced oxidative stress were explored through a dual model. In mice, Cu disturbed microbial community structure, revealing an increased level of Enterorhabdus abundance and decreased levels of Intestinimonas, Faecalibaculu, Ruminococcaceae and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 abundance. Meanwhile, B. coagulans (W. coagulans) XY2 intervention reversed this trend along with alleviated Cu-induced metabolic disturbances by increasing levels of hypotaurine and L-glutamate and declining levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. In Caenorhabditis elegans, nuclear translocation of DAF-16 and SKN-1 was inhibited by Cu, which in turn suppressed antioxidant-related enzymes activities. XY2 mitigated biotoxicity associated with oxidative damage caused by Cu exposure via regulating DAF-16/FoxO and SKN-1/Nrf2 pathways and intestinal flora to eliminate excess ROS. Our study provides a theoretical basis formulating future strategy of probiotics against heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Gao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yalan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuedi Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialuo Teng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fujie Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Yu Y, Jiang XX, Li JC. Biomarker discovery for tuberculosis using metabolomics. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1099654. [PMID: 36891238 PMCID: PMC9986447 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1099654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases, and the ratio of cases in which its pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is drug resistant has been increasing worldwide, whereas latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) may develop into active TB. Thus it is important to understand the mechanism of drug resistance, find new drugs, and find biomarkers for TB diagnosis. The rapid progress of metabolomics has enabled quantitative metabolite profiling of both the host and the pathogen. In this context, we provide recent progress in the application of metabolomics toward biomarker discovery for tuberculosis. In particular, we first focus on biomarkers based on blood or other body fluids for diagnosing active TB, identifying LTBI and predicting the risk of developing active TB, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of anti-TB drugs. Then we discuss the pathogen-based biomarker research for identifying drug resistant TB. While there have been many reports of potential candidate biomarkers, validations and clinical testing as well as improved bioinformatics analysis are needed to further substantiate and select key biomarkers before they can be made clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Center for Analyses and Measurements, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Jiang
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.,Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Wang MG, Wu SQ, Zhang MM, He JQ. Urine metabolomics and microbiome analyses reveal the mechanism of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury, as assessed for causality using the updated RUCAM: A prospective study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002126. [PMID: 36483548 PMCID: PMC9724621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI) is one of the most common adverse reactions that brings great difficulties to the treatment of tuberculosis. Thus, early identification of individuals at risk for ATB-DILI is urgent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to analyze the urinary metabolic and microbial profiles of patients with ATB-DILI before drug administration. And machine learning method was used to perform prediction model for ATB-DILI based on metabolomics, microbiome and clinical data. Methods A total of 74 new TB patients treated with standard first-line anti-TB treatment regimens were enrolled from West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Only patients with an updated RUCAM score of 6 or more were accepted in this study. Nontargeted metabolomics and microbiome analyses were performed on urine samples prior to anti-tuberculosis drug ingestion to screen the differential metabolites and microbes between the ATB-DILI group and the non-ATB-DILI group. Integrating electronic medical records, metabolomics, and microbiome data, four machine learning methods was used, including random forest algorithm, artificial neural network, support vector machine with the linear kernel and radial basis function kernel. Results Of all included patients, 69 patients completed follow-up, with 16 (23.19%) patients developing ATB-DILI after antituberculosis treatment. Finally, 14 ATB-DILI patients and 30 age- and sex-matched non-ATB-DILI patients were subjected to urinary metabolomic and microbiome analysis. A total of 28 major differential metabolites were screened out, involving bile secretion, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, ABC transporters, etc. Negativicoccus and Actinotignum were upregulated in the ATB-DILI group. Multivariate analysis also showed significant metabolic and microbial differences between the non-ATB-DILI and severe ATB-DILI groups. Finally, the four models showed high accuracy in predicting ATB-DILI, with the area under the curve of more than 0.85 for the training set and 1 for the validation set. Conclusion This study characterized the metabolic and microbial profile of ATB-DILI risk individuals before drug ingestion for the first time. Metabolomic and microbiome characteristics in patient urine before anti-tuberculosis drug ingestion may predict the risk of liver injury after ingesting anti-tuberculosis drugs. Machine learning algorithms provides a new way to predict the occurrence of ATB-DILI among tuberculosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shou-Quan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jian-Qing He, ;
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5
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Wang MG, Wu SQ, Zhang MM, He JQ. Plasma metabolomic and lipidomic alterations associated with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1044808. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1044808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI) is an adverse reaction with a high incidence and the greatest impact on tuberculosis treatment. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers for the early prediction of ATB-DILI. Herein, this study uses UPLC‒MS/MS to reveal the plasma metabolic profile and lipid profile of ATB-DILI patients before drug administration and screen new biomarkers for predicting ATB-DILI.Methods: A total of 60 TB patients were enrolled, and plasma was collected before antituberculosis drug administration. The untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed using UPLC‒MS/MS, and the high-resolution mass spectrometer Q Exactive was used for data acquisition in both positive and negative ion modes. The random forest package of R software was used for data screening and model building.Results: A total of 60 TB patients, including 30 ATB-DILI patients and 30 non-ATB-DILI subjects, were enrolled. There were no significant differences between the ATB-DILI and control groups in age, sex, smoking, drinking or body mass index (p > 0.05). Twenty-two differential metabolites were selected. According to KEGG pathway analysis, 9 significantly enriched metabolic pathways were found, and both drug metabolism-other enzymes and niacin and nicotinamide metabolic pathways were found in both positive and negative ion models. A total of 7 differential lipid molecules were identified between the two groups. Ferroptosis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were involved in the occurrence of ATB-DILI. Random forest analysis showed that the model built with the top 30 important variables had an area under the ROC curve of 0.79 (0.65–0.93) for the training set and 0.79 (0.55–1.00) for the validation set.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that potential markers for the early prediction of ATB-DILI can be found through plasma metabolomics and lipidomics. The random forest model showed good clinical predictive value for ATB-DILI.
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Zhuang J, Yang X, Zheng Q, Li K, Cai L, Yu H, Lv J, Bai K, Cao Q, Li P, Yang H, Wang J, Lu Q. Metabolic Profiling of Bladder Cancer Patients' Serum Reveals Their Sensitivity to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060558. [PMID: 35736490 PMCID: PMC9229374 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer develop low responsiveness to cisplatin. Our purpose was to explore differential metabolites derived from serum in bladder cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Data of patients diagnosed with cT2-4aNxM0 was collected. Blood samples were retained prospectively before the first chemotherapy for untargeted metabolomics by 1H-NMR and UPLC-MS. To identify characterized metabolites, multivariate statistical analyses were applied, and the intersection of the differential metabolites discovered by the two approaches was used to identify viable biomarkers. A total of 18 patients (6 NAC-sensitive patients and 12 NAC-resistant patients) were enrolled. There were 29 metabolites detected by 1H-NMR and 147 metabolites identified by UPLC-MS. Multivariate statistics demonstrated that in the sensitive group, glutamine and taurine were considerably increased compared to their levels in the resistant group, while glutamate and hypoxanthine were remarkably decreased. Pathway analysis and enrichment analysis showed significant alterations in amino acid pathways, suggesting that response to chemotherapy may be related to amino acid metabolism. In addition, hallmark analysis showed that DNA repair played a regulatory role. Overall, serum metabolic profiles of NAC sensitivity are significantly different in bladder cancer patients. Glycine, hypoxanthine, taurine and glutamine may be the potential biomarkers for clinical treatment. Amino acid metabolism has potential value in enhancing drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Qi Zheng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Lingkai Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jiancheng Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kexin Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.Z.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (L.C.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (K.B.); (Q.C.); (P.L.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Q.L.)
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Wu S, Wang M, Zhang M, He JQ. Metabolomics and microbiomes for discovering biomarkers of antituberculosis drugs-induced hepatotoxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 716:109118. [PMID: 34999018 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) was related to metabolic and microbial dysregulation, but only limited data was available about the metabolomes and microbiomes in ATDH. We aimed at detecting the metabolic and microbial signatures of ATDH. Urine samples were obtained from ATDH (n = 33) and non-ATDH control (n = 41) and analyzed by untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Metabolites were analyzed by orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and pathway analysis. Eight ATDH and eight non-ATDH control were evaluated by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) database were used for function prediction. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was applied to detect the differential microbiotas between the two groups. The differential microbiotas were further validated by correlation analysis with differential metabolites. OPLS-DA analysis suggested 11 metabolites that differed ATDH from non-ATDH control. Pathway analysis demonstrated that metabolism of arginine and proline, metabolism of d-arginine and d-ornithine, glutathione glycine metabolism, galactose metabolism, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism were related to ATDH. LEfSe suggested significant differences in microbiotas between the two groups. The o_ Bacteroidales, f_Prevotellaceae, and g_Prevotella were significantly increased in ATDH. In contrast, the f_Chitinophagaceae, c_Gammaproteobacteria, and p_Proteobacteria were significantly increased in non-ATDH group. The biological functions of the sequenced microbiota in this study were related to amino acid transport and metabolism and defense mechanisms. Finally, we detected strong association between urine metabolites and specific urine bacteria (|r| > 0.8). d-glucoheptose showed a strong relationship to Symbiobacterium. Creatine (r = -0.901; P < 0.001) and diglycerol were strongly associated with Alishewanella. Metabolomics and microbiomes indicate ATDH characterized by metabolic and microbial profiles may differ from non-ATDH control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minggui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Liu L, Li X, Huang C, Bian Y, Liu X, Cao J, Qu W, Miao L. Bile acids, lipid and purine metabolism involved in hepatotoxicity of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:527-537. [PMID: 32436768 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1758060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rifampin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) are essential components of the short-term first-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) chemotherapy regimen and can cause hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) is currently unclear. We investigate the relevant contributions to liver injury and the pathway of the above-mentioned drugs administered alone or in combination. METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics, bile acids (BAs) analysis and FXR/SHP detection were used to evaluate the toxicity of these drugs and clarify the underlying metabolism-related pathway. RESULTS In C57BL/6 mice administered the corrected clinical doses, RIF, INH and PZA could induced hepatotoxicity; with less toxicity in the combination therapy than RIF. The pathological biochemistry, BAs concentration and metabolically regulated FXR/SHP gene expression analyzes in mice were consistent with the metabolomics results. FXR played a role in the hepatotoxicity of anti-tuberculosis drugs in the obeticholic acid treated and FXR-/- mice. Additionally, the purine and lipid metabolic pathways were involved in ATDH. CONCLUSION ATDH was involved in bile acids and lipid and purine metabolism. The BAs metabolic pathway involvement in mice was validated in TB patients. The noninvasive metabolomics approach is more systemic than routine toxicity evaluation and can be used to assess compound toxicity and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xianglian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Chenrong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Yicong Bian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University (The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou) , Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Qu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, China
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Luo HZ, Guan Y, Yang R, Qian GL, Yang XH, Wang JS, Jia AQ. Growth inhibition and metabolomic analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae treated with resveratrol. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:117. [PMID: 32410647 PMCID: PMC7227335 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) can cause destructive bacterial blight in rice. As an antibacterial, resveratrol may inhibit Xoo growth. This study focused on the potential structural-activity relationship of resveratrol and its derivatives against Xoo growth, and 1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis was applied to investigate the global metabolite changes in Xoo after resveratrol treatment. Results Resveratrol showed the strongest inhibitory effects on Xoo growth compared with its derivatives, which lacked double bonds (compounds 4–6) or hydroxyls were substituted with methoxyls (compounds 7–9). The IC50 of resveratrol against Xoo growth was 11.67 ± 0.58 μg/mL. Results indicated that the double bond of resveratrol contributed to its inhibitory effects on Xoo growth, and hydroxyls were vital for this inhibition. Interestingly, resveratrol also significantly inhibited Xoo flagellum growth. Based on 1H-NMR global metabolic analysis, a total of 30 Xoo metabolites were identified, the changes in the metabolic profile indicated that resveratrol could cause oxidative stress as well as disturb energy, purine, amino acid, and NAD+ metabolism in Xoo, resulting in the observed inhibitory effects on growth. Conclusions This study showed that the double bond of resveratrol contributed to its inhibitory effects on Xoo growth, and hydroxyls were also the important active groups. Resveratrol could cause oxidative stress of Xoo cells, and disturb the metabolism of energy, purine, amino acid and NAD +, thus inhibit Xoo growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Zhi Luo
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Inspection and Pattern Evaluation Department, Suzhou Institute of Metrology, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guo-Liang Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xian-Hui Yang
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Combrink M, Loots DT, du Preez I. Metabolomics describes previously unknown toxicity mechanisms of isoniazid and rifampicin. Toxicol Lett 2020; 322:104-110. [PMID: 31981687 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoniazid and rifampicin are well-known anti-mycobacterial agents and are widely used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) as part of the combined therapy approach, recommended by the World Health Organization. The ingestion of these first-line TB drugs are, however, not free of side effects, and are toxic to the liver, kidney, and central nervous system. These side effects are associated with poor treatment compliance, resulting in TB treatment failure, relapse and drug resistant TB. This occurrence has subsequently led to the recent application of novel research technologies, towards a better understanding of the underlying toxicity mechanisms of TB drugs in humans, mostly focussing on the 2 most important TB drugs: isoniazid and rifampicin. In this review, we discuss the contribution that one such an approach, termed metabolomics has made toward this field, and also highlight the impact that this might have towards the development of improved TB treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Combrink
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
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11
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Yong HY, Larrouy-Maumus G, Zloh M, Smyth R, Ataya R, Benton CM, Munday MR. Early detection of metabolic changes in drug-induced steatosis using metabolomics approaches. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41047-41057. [PMID: 35519189 PMCID: PMC9057704 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06577c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatosis is the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatic cells wherein fats exceed 5% of the entire liver weight. Although steatotic liver damage is reversible due to the liver's regenerative capability, protracted damage often and typically leads to irreversible conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, early steatotic detection is critical for preventing progression to advanced liver diseases. This also becomes particularly important given the higher prevalence of drug usage, as drugs are a frequent cause of liver damage. Currently, the recommendation to diagnose steatosis is using liver enzymes and performing a liver biopsy. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard method of detection, but the procedure is invasive and an unreliable diagnostic tool. Non-invasive, specific and sensitive diagnostic solutions such as biomarkers are therefore needed for the early detection of steatosis. Our aim is to identify changes in urinary metabolites in tetracycline-induced hepatic steatotic rats at different stages of the diseases using metabolomic-based techniques. Sprague Dawley male rats are treated by intraperitoneal injection (I.P.) with either 62.5 mg kg−1 or 125 mg kg−1 tetracycline, an antibiotic previously known to induce steatosis. We analyse the metabolic profile of the urinary tetracycline induced hepatic steatotic rats using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D 1H–1H TOCSY (total correlation spectroscopy) and electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS/MS) based metabolomics. The combined analysis of haematoxylin & eosin (H&E), oil red O (ORO) and direct measurement of triglyceride content in the liver tissues of the control samples against 125 mg kg−1 and 62.5 mg kg−1 treated samples, reveals that 125 mg kg−1 tetracycline exposure potentially induces steatosis. The combination of 1H NMR, 2D 1H–1H TOCSY and ESI-LC-MS/MS alongside multivariate statistical analysis, detected a total of 6 urinary metabolites changes, across 6 metabolic pathways. Furthermore, lysine concentration correlates with liver damage as tetracycline dose concentration increases, whilst both H&E and ORO fail to detect hepatocellular damage at the lowest dose concentration. We conclude that the combination of 1H NMR and ESI-LC-MS/MS suggests that these are suitable platforms for studying the pathogenesis of steatosis development, prior to morphological alterations observed in staining techniques and offer a more detailed description of the severity of the steatotic disease. Urinary metabolic profiling of tetracycline induced hepatic steatotic rats were investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 2D 1H–1H total correlation spectroscopy and electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Y Yong
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry
- University of London
- UK
| | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection
- Department of Life Science
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Mire Zloh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry
- University of London
- UK
| | - Rosemary Smyth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry
- University of London
- UK
| | - Rayan Ataya
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry
- University of London
- UK
| | | | - Michael R. Munday
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry
- University of London
- UK
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12
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Pérez-González MZ, Macías-Rubalcava ML, Hernández-Ortega S, Siordia-Reyes AG, Jiménez-Arellanes MA. Additional compounds and the therapeutic potential of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (McVaugh) against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109140. [PMID: 31387195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously non-isolated compounds (scopoletin and β-D-Glucopyranoside, (1R)-O-isopropyl 6-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-2,3,4-triacetate) were isolated from an organic extract of the Cnidoscolus chayamansa stem. Also, lupeol acetate (main compound, 49.7 mg/g of dry extract) and scopoletin (0.19 mg/g of dry extract) were quantified by HPLC analysis from this organic extract. The protective activity of the C. chayamansa organic extract against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs [Rifampicin (50 mg/kg), Isoniazid (50 mg/kg), and Pyrazinamide (100 mg/kg)] are reported. The extract was tested at 200 and 400 mg/kg in Balb/C mice during 85 days, using silymarin (2.5 mg/kg) as positive control. Liver damage was determined using biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, CHOL, HDL TG, Urea, and CREA), histological analysis, and evaluation of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, Gpx, Lpx and POx). The extract at both doses favored body weight gain with respect to the anti-TB group; the dose of 200 mg/kg was better. Also, the extract at both doses decreased the values of transaminases (AST, ALT) enzymes (p < 0.05) vs. anti-TB group. In oxidative stress parameters, the SOD value was decreased, as were the levels of peroxidation of lipids and oxidative protein in the group with C. chayamansa extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg vs. the anti-TB group. Histological analyses from liver showed the absence of steatosis in the extract group at 400 mg/kg, and moderate steatosis in the silymarin and extract (at 200 mg/kg) groups with respect to anti-TB group, which demonstrated a steatosis. It should be noted that during the study period, none of the treated mice died. In conclusion, the CHCl3: MeOH extract of C. chayamansa has a hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Z Pérez-González
- Unidad de Investigación Médica (UIM) en Farmacología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, CORSE 2º piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
| | - Martha L Macías-Rubalcava
- Instituto de Química (I.Q.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, Mexico; Departamento de Productos Naturales, I.Q., UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Simón Hernández-Ortega
- Instituto de Química (I.Q.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, Mexico; Laboratorio de Rayos X, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - A Georgina Siordia-Reyes
- División de Histopatología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06729, CDMX, Mexico
| | - María Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica (UIM) en Farmacología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, CORSE 2º piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
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13
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Zhou JW, Muhammad J, Sun B, Yang R, Wadood A, Wang JS, Jia AQ. Metabolomic analysis of quorum sensing inhibitor hordenine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6271-6285. [PMID: 31161392 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed to determine the global metabolite changes in pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 following exposure to quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor hordenine. Pyocyanin inhibition assay confirmed that hordenine exhibited potent QS inhibitory activity. A total of 40 metabolites were assigned by PMR spectra. Hordenine treatment resulted in the destruction of QS system in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by downregulating the expressions of genes involved in QS. The synthesis of antioxidant enzymes was repressed and the oxidative stress was enhanced due to the dysfunctional QS system of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The enhanced oxidative stress induced by the dysfunctional QS system of P. aeruginosa PAO1 altered the membrane components, enhanced membrane permeability, and disturbed energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, and would ultimately attenuate the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Hordenine may have promising potential for controlling nosocomial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Junaid Muhammad
- Department of Bioinformatic and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China. .,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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14
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du Preez I, Luies L, Loots DT. The application of metabolomics toward pulmonary tuberculosis research. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 115:126-139. [PMID: 30948167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the quest to identify novel biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), high-throughput systems biology approaches such as metabolomics has become increasingly widespread. Such biomarkers have not only successfully been used for better disease characterization, but have also provided new insights toward the future development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review, we give a summary of the metabolomics studies done to date, with a specific focus on those investigating various aspects of pulmonary TB, and the infectious agent responsible, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These studies, done on a variety of sample matrices, including bacteriological culture, sputum, blood, urine, tissue, and breath, are discussed in terms of their intended research outcomes or future clinical applications. Additionally, a summary of the research model, sample cohort, analytical apparatus and statistical methods used for biomarker identification in each of these studies, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
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15
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Ruan LY, Li MH, Xing YX, Hong W, Chen C, Chen JF, Xu H, Zhao WL, Wang JS. Hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection of Polygonum multiflorum Thund. as two sides of the same biological coin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 230:81-94. [PMID: 30416091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thund., a well-known and commonly-used TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treating hypertension, hyperlipidemia, premature graying of hair, and etc., has aroused wide concern for its reported potential liver toxicity. Due to its various active ingredients, the mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity of raw Polygonum multiflorum Thund (RPM) remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY 1H NMR metabolomics was used to study the mechanism of RPM induced hepatotoxicity and disclosed the existence of hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection conversion during RPM administration in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three dosages of RPM were administered by gavage to mice for consecutive 28 days. The serum and liver samples were collected and then subjected for histopathology observation, biochemical measurement and 1H NMR metabolic profiling. RESULTS RPM caused oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction in mice, resulting in significant disturbance in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism and also inducing inflammatory responses. RPM induced hepatotoxicity in an apparent non-linear manner: the most severe in low dosage group, and to a less extent in medium group according to metabolomics analysis. The attenuation of liver injury in mice livers might result from the therapeutic effects, such as anti-oxidative capacity of RPM components. CONCLUSION RPM exerted a complicated non-linear manner in healthy recipients, switching between hepatoxicity and hepatoprotection dependent on the dosage and status of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yue-Xiao Xing
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Han Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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16
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Tu L, Wu ZY, Yang XL, Zhang Q, Gu R, Wang Q, Tian T, Yao H, Qu X, Tian JY. Neuroprotective effect and mechanism of baicalin on Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:3615-3625. [PMID: 32099367 PMCID: PMC6997193 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s165931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was aimed to investigate the effects of baicalin on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the main mechanism of baicalin based on metabolomics. METHODS The rat model of PD was induced by 6-OHDA. The protective effects of baicalin on rat model of PD were evaluated by open field test and rotarod test. The anti-PD efficacy of baicalin was evaluated by examining the morphologic changes of neurons and the level of monoamine neurotransmitters in the striatum, the number and morphology of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons, and oxidative stress. Combined with metabolomics methods, the pharmacodynamic mechanism of baicalin on PD pathogenesis was also explored. RESULTS Baicalin treatment improved the rod time and voluntary movement in rat model of PD (P<0.05) by the open field test and rotarod test. In addition, baicalin also protected from oxidative stress injury (P<0.05), and regulated the content of monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (P<0.05) and the number and morphology of TH-positive cells in 6-OHDA-induced PD model rats. By metabolomics, multivariate statistical analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we found that two metabolites N-acetyl aspartic acid and glutamic acid had a good diagnostic value. Quantitative analysis of metabolites showed a regulatory function of baicalin. CONCLUSION Baicalin has significant protective effect on 6-OHDA-induced PD rats, which may play a protective role through an antioxidant, promoting the release of neurotransmitters and regulating the metabolism of N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tu
- Department of General Medical, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Yu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Yang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang Qu
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin-Yong Tian
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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17
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Acetaminophen Relieves Inflammatory Pain through CB 1 Cannabinoid Receptors in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla. J Neurosci 2017; 38:322-334. [PMID: 29167401 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1945-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug with only incompletely understood mechanisms of action. Previous work, using models of acute nociceptive pain, indicated that analgesia by acetaminophen involves an indirect activation of CB1 receptors by the acetaminophen metabolite and endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor AM 404. However, the contribution of the cannabinoid system to antihyperalgesia against inflammatory pain, the main indication of acetaminophen, and the precise site of the relevant CB1 receptors have remained elusive. Here, we analyzed acetaminophen analgesia in mice of either sex with inflammatory pain and found that acetaminophen exerted a dose-dependent antihyperalgesic action, which was mimicked by intrathecally injected AM 404. Both compounds lost their antihyperalgesic activity in CB1-/- mice, confirming the involvement of the cannabinoid system. Consistent with a mechanism downstream of proinflammatory prostaglandin formation, acetaminophen also reversed hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal prostaglandin E2 To distinguish between a peripheral/spinal and a supraspinal action, we administered acetaminophen and AM 404 to hoxB8-CB1-/- mice, which lack CB1 receptors from the peripheral nervous system and the spinal cord. These mice exhibited unchanged antihyperalgesia indicating a supraspinal site of action. Accordingly, local injection of the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant into the rostral ventromedial medulla blocked acetaminophen-induced antihyperalgesia, while local rostral ventromedial medulla injection of AM 404 reduced hyperalgesia in wild-type mice but not in CB1-/- mice. Our results indicate that the cannabinoid system contributes not only to acetaminophen analgesia against acute pain but also against inflammatory pain, and suggest that the relevant CB1 receptors reside in the rostral ventromedial medulla.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic drug with multiple but only incompletely understood mechanisms of action, including a facilitation of endogenous cannabinoid signaling via one of its metabolites. Our present data indicate that enhanced cannabinoid signaling is also responsible for the analgesic effects of acetaminophen against inflammatory pain. Local injections of the acetaminophen metabolite AM 404 and of cannabinoid receptor antagonists as well as data from tissue-specific CB1 receptor-deficient mice suggest the rostral ventromedial medulla as an important site of the cannabinoid-mediated analgesia by acetaminophen.
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Luies L, du Preez I, Loots DT. The role of metabolomics in tuberculosis treatment research. Biomark Med 2017; 11:1017-1029. [PMID: 29039217 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, it still results in approximately 1.8 million deaths annually. Various inadequacies in the current TB treatment strategies are major contributors to this high disease prevalence, including the long duration of therapy, the severe side effects associated with TB drugs, treatment failure due to drug resistance, post-treatment disease relapse, and HIV co-infection. In this review, we describe how metabolomics has contributed toward better explaining/elucidating the mechanisms of drug action/metabolism, drug toxicity and microbial drug resistance, and how metabolite biomarkers may serve as prognostic indicators for predicting treatment outcome as well as for the development of new TB drugs. We also discuss possible future contributions that metabolomics can make toward more efficient, less toxic TB treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, School for Physical & Chemical Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, School for Physical & Chemical Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, School for Physical & Chemical Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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19
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Rawat A, Chaturvedi S, Singh AK, Guleria A, Dubey D, Keshari AK, Raj V, Rai A, Prakash A, Kumar U, Kumar D, Saha S. Metabolomics approach discriminates toxicity index of pyrazinamide and its metabolic products, pyrazinoic acid and 5-hydroxy pyrazinoic acid. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:373-389. [PMID: 28425350 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117705426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazinamide (PYZ)-an essential component of primary drug regimen used for the treatment and management of multidrug resistant or latent tuberculosis-is well known for its hepatoxicity. However, the mechanism of PYZ-induced hepatotoxicity is still unknown to researchers. Studies have shown that the drug is metabolized in the liver to pyrazinoic acid (PA) and 5-hydroxy pyrazinoic acid (5-OHPA) which individually may cause different degrees of hepatotoxicity. To evaluate this hypothesis, PYZ, PA, and 5-OHPA were administered to albino Wistar rats orally (respectively, at 250, 125, and 125 mg kg-1 for 28 days). Compared to normal rats, PYZ and its metabolic products decreased the weights of dosed rats and induced liver injury and a status of oxidative stress as assessed by combined histopathological and biochemical analysis. Compared to normal controls, the biochemical and morphological changes were more aberrant in PA- and 5-OHPA-dosed rats with respect to those dosed with PYZ. Finally, the serum metabolic profiles of rats dosed with PYZ, PA, and 5-OHPA were measured and compared with those of normal control rats. With respect to normal control rats, the rats dosed with PYZ and 5-OHPA showed most aberrant metabolic perturbations in their sera as compared to those dosed with PA. Altogether, the study suggests that PYZ-induced hepatotoxicity might be associated with its metabolized products, where 5-OHPA contributes to a higher degree in its overall toxicity than PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rawat
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,2 Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Chaturvedi
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,4 Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism (PKMD), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Singh
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Guleria
- 2 Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Dubey
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,2 Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Keshari
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Raj
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Rai
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Prakash
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U Kumar
- 2 Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Kumar
- 2 Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Saha
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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