1
|
Liu H, Liu Y, Zhou T, Zhou P, Li J, Deng A. Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134019. [PMID: 35807264 PMCID: PMC9268288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in the world. To improve therapy efficiency and reduce side effects, it is very important to frequently detect the concentration of 5-FU in blood samples of patients. In this work, a new type of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for ultrasensitive and specific detection of 5-FU in blood samples was developed. Au@Ag/Au nanoparticles (NPs) employing Au particles as the core and Ag/Au alloy as the shell were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate in SERS-LFIA due to their high SERS enhancement and biocompatibility. The immunoprobe was made in the form of AuMBA@Ag/Au-Ab in which mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA, a common Raman active reporter) was embedded in the core–shell layer and the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against 5-FU was immobilized on the surface. The performance of SERS-LFIA was similar to that in colloidal gold based-LFIA, and the entire assay time was within 20 min. According to the color intensity on the testing (T) lines of LFIA strips visualized by eyes, the contents of 5-FU in the samples could be qualitatively or semi-quantitatively identified. Furthermore, by measuring the characteristic Raman intensities of MBA on T lines, quantitative detection of 5-FU in the samples were achieved. The IC50 and limit of detection (LOD) of the LFIA for 5-FU were found to be 20.9 pg mL−1 and 4.4 pg mL−1, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the LFIA with nine relative compounds, and the CR with cytosine, tegafur and carmofur were less than 4.5%. The recoveries of 5-FU from spiked blood samples were in the range of 78.6~86.4% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.69~4.42%. Five blood samples containing 5-FU collected from the Cancer Hospital were measured by SERS-LFIA, and the results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. It was proven that the proposed method was able to simply and rapidly detect 5-FU in blood samples with high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou T, He G, Hu C, Wu K, Liu Y, Li J, Deng A. Development of a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based ELISA coupled with immuno-affinity extraction for the detection of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil in blood samples. Talanta 2022; 249:123655. [PMID: 35696979 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in cancer treatment. In this study, two 5-FU derivatives containing a spacer arm with the carboxylic group at the end were synthesized, which were linked to the carrier proteins to form 5-FU-protein conjugates used as the immunogens for the production of monoclonal antibody (mAb). Based on the produced mAb, the highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 5-FU detection was established. The IC50 and LOD values of the assay were found to be 19.5 ng mL-1 and 0.5 ng mL-1, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the ELISA with cytosine, thymine and uracil, which avoided the interference from inherent pyrimidines. The CR values of the assay with three substitutes of 5-FU (tegafur, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, carmofur) were within 9.7%-17.6%. The produced mAb was also applied in sample extraction. The immuno-affinity column capable specific capturing 5-FU was prepared by immobilizing the mAb on Sepharose-4B gel and filling into a SPE column. The recoveries of 5-FU in spiked samples measured by ELISA were 72.4%-90.7% with RSD of 3.6%-8.3%. Five blood samples collected from patients were extracted by immuno-affinity column, then measured by ELISA and confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS. There was a good correlation between HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA. It is demonstrated that the developed ELISA combined with immuno-affinity extraction can be a powerful alternative method for the detection of 5-FU in blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangzhao He
- Changzhou Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Honghe Road 68, Changzhou, 213032, China
| | - Changjia Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Anping Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan HY, Yang J, Linnes JC, Welch CJ, Bruening ML. Quantitation of Trastuzumab and an Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in Minutes Using Affinity Membranes in 96-Well Plates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:884-891. [PMID: 34982935 PMCID: PMC8751022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in human serum could ensure that patients have adequate levels of mAbs for effective treatment. This research describes the use of affinity, glass-fiber membranes in a 96-well-plate format for rapid (<5 min) quantitation of the therapeutic mAb trastuzumab and a mAb against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Adsorption of a poly(acrylic acid)-containing film in membrane pores and activation of the -COOH groups in the film enable covalent-linking of affinity peptides or proteins to the membrane. Passage of mAb-containing serum through the affinity membrane results in mAb capture within 1 min. Subsequent rinsing, binding of a secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorophore, and a second rinse yield mAb-concentration-dependent fluorescence intensities in the wells. Calibration curves established from analyses on different days have low variability and allow determination of mAb levels in separately prepared samples with an average error <10%, although errors in single-replicate measurements may reach 40%. The assays can occur in diluted serum with physiologically relevant mAb concentrations, as well as in undiluted serum. Thus, the combination of 96-well plates containing affinity membranes, a microplate reader, and a simple vacuum manifold affords convenient mAb quantitation in <5 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin Tan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Junyan Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jacqueline C. Linnes
- Weldon
School of Bioengineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Indiana
Consortium for Analytical Science & Engineering (ICASE), 410 W. 10th Street, # 1020H, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Ye Z, Xu Y, Bell SEJ. An overview of therapeutic anticancer drug monitoring based on surface enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy (SE(R)RS). Analyst 2021; 145:6211-6221. [PMID: 32794527 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00891e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important for many therapeutic regimens and has particular relevance for anticancer drugs which often have serious effects and whose optimum dosage can vary significantly between different patients. Many of the features of surface enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy (SE(R)RS) suggest it should be very suitable for TDM of anticancer drugs and some initial studies which explore the potential of SE(R)RS for TDM of anticancer drugs have been published. This review brings this work together in an attempt to draw some general observations about key aspects of the approach, including the nature of the substrate used, matrix interference effects and factors governing adsorption of the target molecules onto the enhancing surface. There is now sufficient evidence to suggest that none of these pose real difficulties in the context of TDM. However, some issues, particularly the need to carry out multiplex measurements for TDM of combination therapies, have yet to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li N, Xu L, Ma R, Fan Q, Li B, Qiao J, Guo R, Xu X. Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Novel Organic Sulfur (Selenium) Tegafur Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Chen Q, Bai H, Wu W, Huang G, Li Y, Wu M, Tang G, Ping Y. Bioengineering Bacterial Vesicle-Coated Polymeric Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy and Metastasis Prevention. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:11-21. [PMID: 31858807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We herein propose a bioengineering approach where bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were coated on drug-loaded polymeric micelles to generate an innovative nanomedicine for effective cancer immunotherapy and metastasis prevention. Whereas OMVs could activate the host immune response for cancer immunotherapy, the loaded drug within polymeric micelles would exert both chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory roles to sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and to kill cancer cells directly. We demonstrated that the systemic injection of such a bioinspired immunotherapeutic agent would not only provide effective protective immunity against melanoma occurrence but also significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo and extended the survival rate of melanoma mice. Importantly, the nanomedicine could also effectively inhibit tumor metastasis to the lung. The bioinspired immunomodulatory nanomedicine we have developed repurposes the bacterial-based formulation for cancer immunotherapy, which also defines a useful bioengineering strategy to the improve current cancer immunotherapeutic agents and delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Bai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wangteng Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guping Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310013 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paul M, Weller MG. Antibody Screening by Microarray Technology-Direct Identification of Selective High-Affinity Clones. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E1. [PMID: 31906477 PMCID: PMC7175374 DOI: 10.3390/antib9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary screening of hybridoma cells is a time-critical and laborious step during the development of monoclonal antibodies. Often, critical errors occur in this phase, which supports the notion that the generation of monoclonal antibodies with hybridoma technology is difficult to control and hence, a risky venture. We think that it is crucial to improve the screening process to eliminate most of the critical deficits of the conventional approach. With this new microarray-based procedure, several advances could be achieved: Selectivity for excellent binders, high-throughput, reproducible signals, avoidance of misleading avidity (multivalency) effects, and performance of simultaneous competition experiments. The latter can also be used to select clones of desired cross-reactivity properties. In this paper, a model system with two excellent clones against carbamazepine, two weak clones, and blank supernatant containing fetal bovine serum was designed to examine the effectiveness of the new system. The excellent clones could be detected largely independent of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, which is usually unknown during the clone screening since the determination and subsequent adjustment of the antibody concentration are not feasible in most cases. Furthermore, in this approach, the enrichment, isolation, and purification of IgG for characterization is not necessary. Raw cell culture supernatant can be used directly, even when fetal calf serum (FCS) or other complex media is used. In addition, an improved method for the oriented antibody-immobilization on epoxy-silanized slides is presented. Based on the results of this model system with simulated hybridoma supernatants, we conclude that this approach should be preferable to most other protocols leading to many false positives, causing expensive and lengthy elimination steps to weed out the poor clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meng J, Pan H, Li X, Liu T, Liu Z, Li Q, Xiao Y, Liu X, Wu G, Zhu F, Zhang L. Diagnosis and Treatment of Synchronous Lymphoma and Digestive System Carcinoma: Report of Four Cases and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1367. [PMID: 31921632 PMCID: PMC6914839 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of synchronous lymphoma and digestive system carcinoma and review literature. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of four cases of synchronous lymphoma and digestive system carcinoma treated at our hospital. The clinical manifestations, pathological results, and treatment strategies were investigated. Results: One of the four cases was diagnosed as follicular lymphoma with gastric adenocarcinoma, and the other three were diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with digestive system adenocarcinoma in the liver, sigmoid colon, and duodenum papilla, respectively. The second carcinoma was initially discovered incidentally because of the stage examination of lymphoma or the patient's poor response to treatment. The diagnosis of synchronous lymphoma and digestive system carcinoma depended mainly on the pathological examination. Conclusions: The accurate diagnosis of synchronous malignancies is challenging because they rarely occur. We suggest a scrupulous re-biopsy of extranodal lesions in patients with lymphoma to improve the diagnostic accuracy of related double primary tumors. Age, performance status, symptoms, pathological types, and tumor staging should be considered when formulating a treatment strategy. The systemic treatment regimens should include drugs targeting the synchronous tumors in question, and these remain to be explored further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaxiong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxiu Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Broto M, McCabe R, Galve R, Marco MP. A high-specificity immunoassay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclophosphamide. Analyst 2019; 144:5172-5178. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is pushing forward new diagnostic techniques to aid in controlling drug therapeutic levels and their toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Broto
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D)
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology (SNT)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC)
- Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería
| | - Rita McCabe
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D)
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology (SNT)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC)
- Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería
| | - Roger Galve
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D)
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology (SNT)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC)
- Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería
| | - M.-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D)
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology (SNT)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC)
- Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Booth MA, Gowers SAN, Leong CL, Rogers ML, Samper IC, Wickham AP, Boutelle MG. Chemical Monitoring in Clinical Settings: Recent Developments toward Real-Time Chemical Monitoring of Patients. Anal Chem 2017; 90:2-18. [PMID: 29083872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsilea A Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A N Gowers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Leng Leong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle C Samper
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan P Wickham
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn G Boutelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Broto M, Galve R, Marco MP. Bioanalytical methods for cytostatic therapeutic drug monitoring and occupational exposure assessment. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|