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Dried blood spots in clinical lipidomics: optimization and recent findings. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7085-7101. [PMID: 35840669 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) are being considered as an alternative sampling method of blood collection that can be used in combination with lipidomic and other omic analysis. DBS are successfully used in the clinical context to collect samples for newborn screening for the measurement of specific fatty acid derivatives, such as acylcarnitines, and lipids from whole blood for diagnostic purposes. However, DBS are scarcely used for lipidomic analysis and investigations. Lipidomic studies using DBS are starting to emerge as a powerful method for sampling and storage in clinical lipidomic analysis, but the major research work is being done in the pre- and analytical steps and procedures, and few in clinical applications. This review presents a description of the impact factors and variables that can affect DBS lipidomic analysis, such as the type of DBS card, haematocrit, homogeneity of the blood drop, matrix/chromatographic effects, and the chemical and physical properties of the analyte. Additionally, a brief overview of lipidomic studies using DBS to unveil their application in clinical scenarios is also presented, considering the studies of method development and validation and, to a less extent, for clinical diagnosis using clinical lipidomics. DBS combined with lipidomic approaches proved to be as effective as whole blood samples, achieving high levels of sensitivity and specificity during MS and MS/MS analysis, which could be a useful tool for biomarker identification. Lipidomic profiling using MS/MS platforms enables significant insights into physiological changes, which could be useful in precision medicine.
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2
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Urzúa SA, Sauceda-Oloño PY, García CD, Cooper CD. Predicting the Orientation of Adsorbed Proteins Steered with Electric Fields Using a Simple Electrostatic Model. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5231-5240. [PMID: 35819287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Under the most common experimental conditions, the adsorption of proteins to solid surfaces is a spontaneous process that leads to a rather compact layer of randomly oriented molecules. However, controlling such orientation is critically important for the development of catalytic surfaces. In this regard, the use of electric fields is one of the most promising alternatives. Our work is motivated by experimental observations that show important differences in catalytic activity of a trypsin-covered surface, which depended on the applied potential during the adsorption. Even though adsorption results from the combination of several processes, we were able to determine that (under the selected conditions) mean-field electrostatics play a dominant role, determining the orientation and yielding a difference in catalytic activity. We simulated the electrostatic potential numerically, using an implicit-solvent model based on the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. This was implemented in an extension of the code PyGBe that included an external electric field, and rendered the electrostatic component of the solvation free energy. Our model (extensions available at the Github repository) allowed estimating the overall affinity of the protein with the surface, and their most likely orientation as a function of the potential applied. Our results show that the active sites of trypsin are, on average, more exposed when the electric field is negative, which agrees with the experimental results of catalytic activity, and confirm the premise that electrostatic interactions can be used to control the orientation of adsorbed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Urzúa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, 2390123, Chile
| | - Perla Y Sauceda-Oloño
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Carlos D García
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Christopher D Cooper
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, 2390123, Chile.,Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 2390123, Chile
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Rahbar M, Zou S, Baharfar M, Liu G. A Customized Microfluidic Paper-Based Platform for Colorimetric Immunosensing: Demonstrated via hCG Assay for Pregnancy Test. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120474. [PMID: 34940231 PMCID: PMC8699738 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been extensively developed for rapid, facile, and low-cost detection of a wide array of target analytes in a point-of-care manner. Conventional home pregnancy tests are the most significant example of LFAs, which detect elevated concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in body fluids to identify early pregnancy. In this work, we have upgraded these platforms to a higher version by developing a customized microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD), as the new generation of paper-based point-of-care platforms, for colorimetric immunosensing. This will offer a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative platform for paper-based immunosensing, eliminating the need for nitrocellulose (NC) membrane as the substrate material. The performance of the developed platform is demonstrated by detection of hCG (as a model case) in urine samples and subsequently indicating positive or negative pregnancy. A dual-functional silane-based composite was used to treat filter paper in order to enhance the colorimetric signal intensity in the detection zones of μPADs. In addition, microfluidic pathways were designed in a manner to provide the desired regulated fluid flow, generating sufficient incubation time (delays) at the designated detection zones, and consequently enhancing the obtained signal intensity. The presented approaches allow to overcome the existing limitations of μPADs in immunosensing and will broaden their applicability to a wider range of assays. Although, the application of the developed hCG μPAD assay is mainly in qualitative (i.e., positive or negative) detection of pregnancy, the semi-quantitative measurement of hCG was also investigated, indicating the viability of this assay for sensitive detection of the target hCG analyte within the related physiological range (i.e., 10-500 ng/mL) with a LOD value down to 10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahbar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Siyi Zou
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Mahroo Baharfar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.R.); (M.B.)
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
- Correspondence:
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Next-Generation Dried Blood Spot Samplers for Protein Analysis: Describing Trypsin-Modified Smart Sampling Paper. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes smart sampling paper to be used for bottom-up protein analysis. Four different manners to immobilize trypsin on cellulose were evaluated. Untreated paper, potassium-periodate-functionalized paper (with and without post-immobilization reduction) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM)-functionalized paper were all used to immobilize trypsin. For the evaluation, Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining of proteins on paper and the BAEE trypsin activity assay needed to be modified. These methods allowed, together with data from mass spectrometric analysis of cytochrome C digestions, us to acquire fundamental insight into protein binding, and trypsin action and activity on paper. All functionalized discs bind more protein than the untreated discs. Protein binding to functionalized discs is based on both adsorption and covalent binding. Trypsin immobilized on potassium-periodate-functionalized discs exhibits the highest trypsin activity when using cytochrome C as substrate. It is proven that it is trypsin attached to paper (and not desorbed trypsin) which is responsible for the enzyme activity. The use of discs on complex biological samples shows that all functionalized discs are able to digest diluted serum; for the best-performing disc, HEMA-VDM functionalized, up to 200 high-confidence proteins are qualified, showing its potential.
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Reed PA, Lagasse BA, Garcia CD. Fast Degradation of Hydrogen Peroxide by Immobilized Catalase to Enable the Use of Biosensors in Extraterrestrial Bodies. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:191-198. [PMID: 33052719 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide has been postulated to be present on the surface of Europa and Enceladus. While it could represent a potential source of energy for possible life-forms, H2O2 may also interfere with a number of current detection technologies, including biosensors. To take advantage of the selectivity and portability of these devices, simple and reliable routes to degrade the potential H2O2 present should be developed and implemented to prepare for this possibility. Unfortunately, most of the current approaches for removing H2O2 are slow, may affect the sample, or could interfere with the performance of biosensors. To address these limitations, catalase was immobilized onto silica particles and used as a means to selectively decompose H2O2 prior to the analysis of common biomarkers with a biosensor. For these experiments, glucose, l-leucine, and lactic acid were used as representative examples of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids, respectively, which could be used as biomarkers on extraterrestrial bodies. While the decomposition reaction between catalase and H2O2 is well known, to our knowledge this is the first instance where catalase has been used in combination with a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) to implement selective sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan A Lagasse
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, USA
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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6
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Monitoring cellulose oxidation for protein immobilization in paper-based low-cost biosensors. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:272. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Rahbar M, Wheeler AR, Paull B, Macka M. Ion-Exchange Based Immobilization of Chromogenic Reagents on Microfluidic Paper Analytical Devices. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8756-8761. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahbar
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Mirek Macka
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Skjærvø Ø, Solbakk EJ, Halvorsen TG, Reubsaet L. Paper-based immunocapture for targeted protein analysis. Talanta 2019; 195:764-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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de Freitas SV, de Souza FR, Rodrigues Neto JC, Vasconcelos GA, Abdelnur PV, Vaz BG, Henry CS, Coltro WKT. Uncovering the Formation of Color Gradients for Glucose Colorimetric Assays on Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices by Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11949-11954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia V. de Freitas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício R. de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge C. Rodrigues Neto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Géssica A. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia V. Abdelnur
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Boniek G. Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wendell K. T. Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13084-971, Brazil
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Paschoalino WJ, Kogikoski S, Barragan JTC, Giarola JF, Cantelli L, Rabelo TM, Pessanha TM, Kubota LT. Emerging Considerations for the Future Development of Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemir J. Paschoalino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Sergio Kogikoski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - José T. C. Barragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Giarola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Lory Cantelli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Thais M. Rabelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Tatiana M. Pessanha
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Lauro T. Kubota
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
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Riccardi C, McCormick S, Kasi R, Kumar C. A Modular Approach for Interlocking Enzymes in Whatman Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10158-10162. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Riccardi
- Departments of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs USA
| | | | - Rajeswari Kasi
- Departments of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs USA
| | - Challa Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs USA
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12
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Riccardi C, McCormick S, Kasi R, Kumar C. A Modular Approach for Interlocking Enzymes in Whatman Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Riccardi
- Departments of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs USA
| | | | - Rajeswari Kasi
- Departments of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs USA
| | - Challa Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs USA
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Ota R, Yamada K, Suzuki K, Citterio D. Quantitative evaluation of analyte transport on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). Analyst 2017; 143:643-653. [PMID: 29185559 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01702b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transport efficiency during capillary flow-driven sample transport on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) made from filter paper has been investigated for a selection of model analytes (Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, PO43-, bovine serum albumin, sulforhodamine B, amaranth) representing metal cations, complex anions, proteins and anionic molecules. For the first time, the transport of the analytical target compounds rather than the sample liquid, has been quantitatively evaluated by means of colorimetry and absorption spectrometry-based methods. The experiments have revealed that small paperfluidic channel dimensions, additional user operation steps (e.g. control of sample volume, sample dilution, washing step) as well as the introduction of sample liquid wicking areas allow to increase analyte transport efficiency. It is also shown that the interaction of analytes with the negatively charged cellulosic paper substrate surface is strongly influenced by the physico-chemical properties of the model analyte and can in some cases (Cu2+) result in nearly complete analyte depletion during sample transport. The quantitative information gained through these experiments is expected to contribute to the development of more sensitive μPADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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