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Verguet N, Mondange L, Nolent F, Depeille A, Garnier A, Neulat-Ripoll F, Gorgé O, Tournier JN. Assessment of calcium hypochlorite for Bacillus anthracis spore surface's decontamination. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104053. [PMID: 36925026 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Contamination with microorganisms occurs in laboratories but is also of high concern in the context of bioterrorism. Decontamination is a cornerstone that promotes good laboratory practices and occupational health and safety. Among the most resistant structures formed by microorganisms are spores, produced notably by Clostridium and Bacillus species. Here, we compared six products containing four different molecules (hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, sodium and calcium hypochlorite) on B. anthracis Sterne spores. We first selected the most efficient product based on its activity against spore suspensions using French and European standards. Four products showed sporicidal activity, of which only two did so in a time frame consistent with good laboratory practices. Then, we tested one of these two products under laboratory conditions on fully virulent B. anthracis spores, during common use and after contamination through a spill of a highly concentrated spore suspension. We, thus, robustly validated a decontaminant based on calcium hypochlorite not only on its ability to kill spores but also on its effectiveness under laboratory conditions. At the end, we were able to assure a complete disinfection in 1 min after spillover and in 2 min for common use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Verguet
- Bacteriology Unit, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; CNR-LE Charbon, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Lou Mondange
- Bacteriology Unit, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Yersinia Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Flora Nolent
- Bacteriology Unit, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Anne Depeille
- Bacteriology Unit, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; CNR-LE Charbon, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Annabelle Garnier
- Immunopathology Unit, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Fabienne Neulat-Ripoll
- Bacteriology Unit, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Olivier Gorgé
- Bacteriology Unit, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; CNR-LE Charbon, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- CNR-LE Charbon, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 75015 Paris, France.
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Nguyen MCT, Nguyen HQ, Jang H, Noh S, Lee SY, Jang KS, Lee J, Sohn Y, Yee K, Jung H, Kim J. Sterilization effects of UV laser irradiation on Bacillus atrophaeus spore viability, structure, and proteins. Analyst 2021; 146:7682-7692. [PMID: 34812439 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus spores are highly resistant to toxic chemicals and extreme environments. Because some Bacillus species threaten public health, spore inactivation techniques have been intensively investigated. We exposed Bacillus atrophaeus spores to a 266 nm Nd:YVO4 laser at a laser power of 1 W and various numbers of scans. As a result, the UV laser reduced the viability of Bacillus atrophaeus spores. Although the outer coat of spores remained intact after UV laser irradiation of 720 scans, damage inside the spores was observed. Spore proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry during the course of UV laser irradiation. Photochemical and photothermal processes are believed to be involved in the UV laser sterilization of Bacillus spores. Our findings suggest that a UV laser is capable of sterilizing Bacillus atrophaeus spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Chi Thi Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Huu-Quang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngku Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiju Yee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Jung
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Yuseong P.O. Box 35, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Highly accurate classification of biological spores by culture medium for forensic attribution using multiple chemical signature types and machine learning. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4287-4299. [PMID: 32328690 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Future proliferation of biological expertise and new technology may increasingly lower the difficulty to produce biological organisms for misuse. Rapid attribution of a biological attack is needed to quickly identify the person or lab responsible and prevent additional attacks by enabling the apprehension of suspects. Here, triplicate batches of Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain (BaSt) spores were grown in a total of seven amateur and professional media. Multiple orthogonal analytical signatures (peptides, metabolites, lipids by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, bulk organic profile, and trace elements) were collected from the BaSt spores. The proteomics and metabolomics analyses identified promising attribution signature compounds that are unique to each of the seven production methods. In addition, while each of the signature types showed varying degrees of value individually for attributing BaSt spores to the culture medium used to prepare them, fusing results from all five signatures types to increase sourcing robustness and using a random forest sourcing algorithm yielded 100% hold-one-batch-out cross-validation classification accuracy and an average relative source probability for the correct source 5.5× higher than the most probable incorrect source. These preliminary results provide a proof-of-concept for the development of forensic examinations that can attribute biological agents to production methods for use in future investigations.
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