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Andresen S, Linnemann SK, Ahmad Basri AB, Savysko O, Hamm C. Natural Frequencies of Diatom Shells: Alteration of Eigenfrequencies Using Structural Patterns Inspired by Diatoms. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:85. [PMID: 38392131 PMCID: PMC10887129 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatoms have delicate and complex shells showing different lightweight design principles that have already been applied to technical products improving the mechanical properties. In addition, diatom inspired structures are expected to significantly affect the vibration characteristics, i.e., the eigenfrequencies. Directed eigenfrequency shifts are of great interest for many technical applications to prevent undesired high vibration amplitudes. Therefore, numerous complex diatom inspired dome structures primarily based on combs, ribs, and bulging patterns were constructed and their eigenfrequencies were numerically studied. Different structural patterns were identified to significantly affect eigenfrequencies. The results were compared to dome structures equipped with rib patterns in combination with a common structural optimization tool. The study indicates that a combination of (1) selecting diatom inspired structural patterns that strongly affect eigenfrequencies, and (2) adapting them to the boundary conditions of the technical problem is an efficient method to design diatom inspired lightweight solutions with high eigenfrequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Andresen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Selina K Linnemann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ahmad Burhani Ahmad Basri
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Savysko
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Hamm
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Linnemann SK, Friedrichs L, Niebuhr NM. Stress-Adaptive Stiffening Structures Inspired by Diatoms: A Parametric Solution for Lightweight Surfaces. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:46. [PMID: 38248620 PMCID: PMC10813791 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate and highly complex morphologies of diatom frustules have long captured the attention of biomimetic researchers, initiating innovation in engineering solutions. This study investigates the potential of diatom-inspired surface stiffeners to determine whether the introduced innovative strategy is a viable alternative for addressing engineering challenges demanding enhanced stiffness. This interdisciplinary study focuses on the computer-aided generation of stress-adaptive lightweight structures aimed at optimizing bending stiffness. Through a comprehensive microscopical analysis, morphological characteristics of diatom frustules were identified and abstracted to be applied to a reference model using computer-aided methods and simulated to analyze their mechanical behavior under load-bearing conditions. Afterwards, the models are compared against a conventional engineering approach. The most promising biomimetic approach is successfully automated, extending its applicability to non-planar surfaces and diverse boundary conditions. It yields notable improvement in bending stiffness, which manifests in a decrease of displacement by approximately 93% in comparison to the reference model with an equivalent total mass. Nonetheless, for the specific load case considered, the engineering approach yields the least displacement. Although certain applications may favor conventional methods, the presented approach holds promise for scenarios subjected to varying stresses, necessitating lightweight and robust solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nils M. Niebuhr
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (S.K.L.)
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Investigating the Morphology and Mechanics of Biogenic Hierarchical Materials at and below Micrometer Scale. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091549. [PMID: 35564259 PMCID: PMC9102398 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Investigating and understanding the intrinsic material properties of biogenic materials, which have evolved over millions of years into admirable structures with difficult to mimic hierarchical levels, holds the potential of replacing trial-and-error-based materials optimization in our efforts to make synthetic materials of similarly advanced complexity and properties. An excellent example is biogenic silica which is found in the exoskeleton of unicellular photosynthetic algae termed diatoms. Because of the complex micro- and nanostructures found in their exoskeleton, determining the intrinsic mechanical properties of biosilica in diatoms has only partly been accomplished. Here, a general method is presented in which a combination of in situ deformation tests inside an SEM with a realistic 3D model of the frustule of diatom Craspedostauros sp. (C. sp.) obtained by electron tomography, alongside finite element method (FEM) simulations, enables quantification of the Young’s modulus (E = 2.3 ± 0.1 GPa) of this biogenic hierarchical silica. The workflow presented can be readily extended to other diatom species, biominerals, or even synthetic hierarchical materials.
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Li K, Li Y, Wang X, Cui M, An B, Pu J, Liu J, Zhang B, Ma G, Zhong C. Diatom-inspired multiscale mineralization of patterned protein-polysaccharide complex structures. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa191. [PMID: 34691703 PMCID: PMC8363331 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine diatoms construct their hierarchically ordered, three-dimensional (3D) external structures called frustules through precise biomineralization processes. Recapitulating the remarkable architectures and functions of diatom frustules in artificial materials is a major challenge that has important technological implications for hierarchically ordered composites. Here, we report the construction of highly ordered, mineralized composites based on fabrication of complex self-supporting porous structures-made of genetically engineered amyloid fusion proteins and the natural polysaccharide chitin-and performing in situ multiscale protein-mediated mineralization with diverse inorganic materials, including SiO2, TiO2 and Ga2O3. Subsequently, using sugar cubes as templates, we demonstrate that 3D fabricated porous structures can become colonized by engineered bacteria and can be functionalized with highly photoreactive minerals, thereby enabling co-localization of the photocatalytic units with a bacteria-based hydrogenase reaction for a successful semi-solid artificial photosynthesis system for hydrogen evolution. Our study thus highlights the power of coupling genetically engineered proteins and polysaccharides with biofabrication techniques to generate hierarchically organized mineralized porous structures inspired by nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mengkui Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bolin An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiahua Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guijun Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Nanostructured Biosilica of Diatoms: From Water World to Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms—unicellular photosynthetic algae—are promising natural sources of nanostructured silica. These microorganisms produce in their membrane approximately a highly ordered porous cell wall called a frustule as protection from environmental stress. Diatom frustules consist of hydrated silica that show peculiar properties including biocompatibility, tailorable surface chemistry, chemical inertness, and thermal stability. Frustules harvested from aquatic ecosystems or diatomaceous fossil sediments represent an excellent cost-effective source of biosilica for a broad range of biomedical applications. The porous ultrastructure of the frustules displays a large surface area available for coating with various biomolecules through different functionalization methods. In this review article, we highlight the main features of diatom biosilica and present some of the most advantageous properties that support the employment of frustules in the field of drug delivery, biosensing, and regenerative medicine. In particular, it is offered an insight into the most common functionalization strategies through which diatom physicochemical properties can be modified and tailored according to the described field of application.
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Topal E, Rajendran H, Zgłobicka I, Gluch J, Liao Z, Clausner A, Kurzydłowski KJ, Zschech E. Numerical and Experimental Study of the Mechanical Response of Diatom Frustules. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050959. [PMID: 32443489 PMCID: PMC7281433 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diatom frustules, with their hierarchical three-dimensional patterned silica structures at nano to micrometer dimensions, can be a paragon for the design of lightweight structural materials. However, the mechanical properties of frustules, especially the species with pennate symmetry, have not been studied systematically. A novel approach combining in situ micro-indentation and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (XCT)-based finite element analysis (FEA) at the identical sample is developed and applied to Didymosphenia geminata frustule. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations are conducted to obtain detailed information regarding the resolvable structures and the composition. During the in situ micro-indentation studies of Didymosphenia geminata frustule, a mainly elastic deformation behavior with displacement discontinuities/non-linearities is observed. To extract material properties from obtained load-displacement curves in the elastic region, elastic finite element method (FEM) simulations are conducted. Young’s modulus is determined as 31.8 GPa. The method described in this paper allows understanding of the mechanical behavior of very complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Topal
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-351-463-43930
| | - Hariskaran Rajendran
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Izabela Zgłobicka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (I.Z.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Jürgen Gluch
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (A.C.)
| | - André Clausner
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Krzysztof Jan Kurzydłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (I.Z.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Ehrenfried Zschech
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (A.C.)
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Fonseca DR, Sobreiro-Almeida R, Sol PC, Neves NM. Development of non-orthogonal 3D-printed scaffolds to enhance their osteogenic performance. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1569-1579. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00073e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-orthogonal scaffolds positively influenced the osteogenic performance of a Saos-2 cell line, presenting a larger amount of calcium phosphate deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Fonseca
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradable and Biomimetic
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Guimarães
| | - Rita Sobreiro-Almeida
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradable and Biomimetic
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Guimarães
| | - Paula C. Sol
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradable and Biomimetic
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Guimarães
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradable and Biomimetic
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Guimarães
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