1
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Suresh S, Palla S, Chung DR, Chien HS, Du BX, Shinde J, Kavala V, Yao CF. Catalyst-free reactions of anilines with β-chloroenones: synthesis of α-chloroenaminones and 1,4-benzodiazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39189549 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00954a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The Michael addition of anilines to β-chloroenones gives enaminones by the elimination of hydrochloric acid (HCl). These enaminones are transformed into α-chloroenaminones via in situ sp2 C-H functionalization. Anilines that are attached to an electron-donating group react more readily with β-chloroenone to give the corresponding products in excellent yields. A highly atom-economical method has been developed using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a green oxidant and solvent. The desired α-functionalized enaminones are formed in good yields with excellent Z-selectivity. We have established the generality of this reaction with many substrates, and scaled-up reactions have been performed to showcase the practical applications. A catalyst-free double annulation of β-chloroenones with o-phenylenediamine has also been demonstrated for the synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives in moderate yields under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Sowndarya Palla
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Dai-Ru Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hung-Sheng Chien
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Bo-Xun Du
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Jivan Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei-11677, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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2
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Zheng Y, Chen C, Lu Y, Huang S. Recent advances in electrochemically enabled construction of indoles from non-indole-based substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8516-8525. [PMID: 39036971 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Indole motifs are important heterocycles found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and materials. Although there are well-established classical name reactions for indole synthesis, these transformations often require harsh reaction conditions, have a limited substrate scope, and exhibit poor regioselectivity. As a result, organic synthesis chemists have been exploring efficient and practical methods, leading to numerous strategies for synthesizing a variety of functionalized indoles. In recent years, electrochemistry has emerged as an environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic tool, with widespread applications in organic synthesis. This technology allows for elegant synthetic routes to be developed for the construction of indoles under external oxidant-free conditions. This feature article specifically focuses on recent advancements in indole synthesis from non-indole-based substrates, as well as the mechanisms underlying these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chunxi Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanju Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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3
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Oyejobi AO, Huang J, Luo YX, Tang XY, Wang L. Photooxidative Reaction of β-Oxoamides with Amines for the Synthesis of Pyrrolin-4-ones under External Photocatalyst-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9972-9978. [PMID: 38954774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of oxygen atoms from air under aerobic conditions plays an important role in organic synthesis. Herein, Brønsted acids are found to be a two-in-one strategic catalyst to transform enamines from β-oxoamides and amines to pyrrolin-4-ones without an external photocatalyst under visible-light conditions. The Brønsted acid can inhibit the C-C bond fragmentation of the [2 + 2] adduct from enamine and 1O2, but most importantly, it can form photosensitizers with enamine and pyrrolin-4-one product by acidochromism to promote the 1O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanuoluwapo O Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yun-Xuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Tang D, Zhang W, Ji J, Jiang R, Wan Y, Ma W, Zhou P. Selected Electrosynthesis of 3-Aminopyrazoles from α,β-Alkynic Hydrazones and Secondary Amines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6520-6526. [PMID: 38602497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
An available and simple electromediated cyclization method for 3-amino-substituted pyrazoles by using α,β-alkynic hydrazone and secondary amine is described. The strategy utilizes KI as an electrolyte in an undivided cell with a constant current, generating the desired products in moderate-to-good yield. The method features selective amination at the 3-position of the pyrazole skeleton. The results indicate that α,β-alkynic hydrazones functionalized with aromatic groups and secondary amines functionalized with electron-rich groups were better tolerated in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ji
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Yaya Wan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Pengjuan Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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5
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Mallick S, Mandal T, Kumari N, Roy L, De Sarkar S. Divergent Electrochemical Synthesis of Indoles through pK a Regulation of Amides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304002. [PMID: 38290995 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A divergent synthetic approach to access highly substituted indole scaffolds is illustrated. By virtue of a tunable electrochemical strategy, distinct control over the C-3 substitution pattern was achieved by employing two analogous 2-styrylaniline precursors. The chemoselectivity is governed by the fine-tuning of the acidity of the amide proton, relying on the appropriate selection of N-protecting groups, and assisted by the reactivity of the electrogenerated intermediates. Detailed mechanistic investigations based on cyclic voltametric experiments and computational studies revealed the crucial role of water additive, which assists the proton-coupled electron transfer event for highly acidic amide precursors, followed by an energetically favorable intramolecular C-N coupling, causing exclusive fabrication of the C-3 unsubstituted indoles. Alternatively, the implementation of an electrogenerated cationic olefin activator delivers the C-3 substituted indoles through the preferential nucleophilic nature of the N-acyl amides. This electrochemical approach of judicious selection of N-protecting groups to regulate pKa/E° provides an expansion in the domain of switchable generation of heterocyclic derivatives in a sustainable fashion, with high regio- and chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-IOC Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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6
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Nguyen KT, Huynh TNT, Ratanathawornkiti K, Juthathan M, Thamyongkit P, Sukwattanasinitt M, Wacharasindhu S. NaI-Mediated Electrochemical Cyclization-Desulfurization for the Synthesis of N-Substituted 2-Aminobenzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1591-1608. [PMID: 38102091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for the synthesis of N-substituted 2-aminobenzimidazoles through a NaI-mediated desulfurization-cyclization process is reported. This electrosynthesis method utilizes cost-effective NaI as both a mediator and an electrolyte in a catalytic amount (0.2 equiv), replacing traditional oxidizing reagents. N-Substituted o-phenylenediamines and isothiocyanates undergo a thiourea formation/cyclization/desulfurization process to provide N-substituted 2-aminobenzimidazoles (55 examples, up to 98% yield) in a single reaction vessel. Importantly, this electrochemical methodology is applicable to gram-scale synthesis, maintaining reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuyen Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thao Nguyen Thanh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Methasit Juthathan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Patchanita Thamyongkit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Green Chemistry for Fine Chemical Productions and Environmental Remediation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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7
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Wang Y, Zhao R, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Syntheses of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300760. [PMID: 36965124 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have surfaced as increasingly viable components in optoelectronics and material sciences. The development of highly efficient and atom-economic tools to prepare PAHs under exceedingly mild conditions constitutes a long-term goal. Traditional syntheses of PAHs have largely relied on multistep approaches or the conventional Scholl reaction. However, Scholl reactions are largely inefficient with electron-deficient substrates, require stoichiometric chemical oxidants, and typically occur in the presence of strong acid. In sharp contrast, electrochemistry has gained considerable momentum during the past decade as an alternative for the facile and straightforward PAHs assembly, generally via electro-oxidative dehydrogenative annulation, releasing molecular hydrogen as the sole stoichiometric byproduct by the hydrogen evolution reaction. This review provides an overview on the recent and significant advances in the field of electrochemical syntheses of various PAHs until January 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rong Zhao
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Research progress on the structure and biological diversities of 2-phenylindole derivatives in recent 20 years. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106342. [PMID: 36621157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The privileged structure binds to multiple receptors with high affinity, which is helpful to the development of new bioactive compounds. Indole is classified as a privileged structure, which may be one of the most important structural categories in drug discovery. As a special subset of indole compounds, 2-phenylindole seems to be one of most promising forerunners of drug development. In this paper, 106 articles were referenced to review the structural changes, biological activities and structure-activity relationship of compounds in recent 20 years, and classified them according to their pharmacological activities, from several aspects, including anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, anti-parasite, the biological activities target to central nervous system, et al. It also points out the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in discovery of new 2-phenylindole compounds in a broader prospect. This review will provide some ideas for researchers to develop new indole drugs.
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9
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Yang M, Jiang R, Mu Y, Hong Y, Wan Y, Hou J, Tang D. Electrochemical cycloaddition of hydrazones with cyanamide for the synthesis of substituted 5-amine-1,2,4-triazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2303-2306. [PMID: 36745484 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly and efficient electrochemical method for the synthesis of 5-amine-1,2,4-triazole derivatives has been developed by employing hydrazones or in situ generation of hydrazones with cyanamide using KI as the catalyst and electrolyte. This strategy could be smoothly conducted with simple reaction conditions at room temperature without the addition of a chemical oxidant in an undivided cell, and cyanamide has been proven to be of great value in electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Yang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, No. 18 Jiangyuan Road, Quzhou 324002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yangxiu Mu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Hong
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yaya Wan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Hou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, No. 18 Jiangyuan Road, Quzhou 324002, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
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10
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Liu N, Cuan X, Li H, Duan X. Progress in the Study of α-Functionalization of Enaminone. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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11
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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12
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Metal, iodine and oxidant-free electrosynthesis of substituted indoles from 1-(2-aminophenyl)alcohols. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Chen K, Zhao B, Liu Y, Wan JP. Thiazole-5-carbaldehyde Synthesis by Cascade Annulation of Enaminones and KSCN with Dess-Martin Periodinane Reagent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14957-14964. [PMID: 36260927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) reagent-mediated reactions of tertiary enaminones with potassium thiocyanate for the synthesis of thiazole-5-carbaldehydes are developed. The product formation involves cascade hydroxyl thiocyanation of the C═C double bond, intramolecular hydroamination of the C≡N bond, and thiazole annulation by condensation on the ketone carbonyl site, representing novel reaction pathways in the reactions between enaminones and thiocyanate salt. DMP plays dual roles in mediating the free radical thiocyanation and inducing the unconventional selective thiazole-5-carbaldehyde formation by masking the in situ generated formyl group during the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Baoli Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, PR China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
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14
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Ma J, Tan Y, Tang Y, Cui X, Xu J, Li Y, Wang X. Base‐Promoted Cascade C–N and C–C Formation: An Approach to Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones from Ynones and 2‐Methylpyrimidin‐4‐ols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ma
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yao Tang
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xue Cui
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Junyu Xu
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Youbin Li
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Hainan Medical University school of pharmacy Xueyuan Road 571199 Haikou CHINA
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15
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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16
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Chang X, Chen X, Lu S, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Zhang D, Yang L, Sun P. Electrochemical [3+2] Cycloaddition of Anilines and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: Construction of Multisubstituted Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Chang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Sixian Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China CHINA
| | | | | | - Lan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
| | - Peng Sun
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
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17
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Shen J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Liu X, Shen C, Zhang P. Selective Mono- and Diamination of Ketones in a Combined Copper-Organocatalyst System. Org Lett 2022; 24:3614-3619. [PMID: 35549495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple and mild protocol for the chemoselective mono- and diamination of ketone using pyrazole as the amine source in a combined copper-organocatalyst system. Various substrates are compatible, providing the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. This strategy gives an efficient and convenient solution for the synthesis of α-pyrazole and α,α-dipyrazole ketone derivatives. The control experiment demonstrates that in situ generated hydrazone is a key intermediate in the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Shen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and the N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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19
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Baidya M, Mallick S, De Sarkar S. Regioselective Synthesis of N2-Aryl 1,2,3-Triazoles via Electro-oxidative Coupling of Enamines and Aryldiazonium Salts. Org Lett 2022; 24:1274-1279. [PMID: 35112868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route for the construction of N2-aryl 1,2,3-triazoles is reported via sequential C-N bond formation and electro-oxidative N-N coupling under metal-free conditions. Readily accessible 2-aminoacrylates and aryldiazonium salts were used as starting materials, and the developed protocol displays excellent functional group tolerance, allowing an extensive range of substrate scope up to 91% isolated yield. Various mechanistic studies, along with the isolation of an intermediate adduct, refer to successive ionic and radical reaction sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Baidya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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20
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Li X, Tao P, Cheng Y, Hu Q, Huang W, Li Y, Luo Z, Huang G. Recent Progress on the Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes/Alkynes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Yuan L, Yuan GQ. Electrosynthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles from phenylhydrazine, aldehydes and amines under mild conditions. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Zhang H, Hu L, Yu K, Lou LL, Liu S. Efficient one-step synthesis of 3-(indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones via electrochemical oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient synthetic strategy for 3-(indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was developed via electrochemical oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of indoles and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lishan Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lan-Lan Lou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuangxi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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23
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Shukla G, Saha P, Pali P, Raghuvanshi K, Singh MS. Electrochemical Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles from α-Phenylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18004-18016. [PMID: 34818010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an electrochemical approach for the synthesis of fully substituted 1,2,3-thiadiazoles from α-phenylhydrazones at room temperature, which is very challenging and complementary to the conventional thermal reactions. The key step involves anodic oxidation of phenylhydrazone derivatives at a constant current followed by N,S-heterocyclization. The protocol is remarkable in that it is free of a base and free of an external oxidant and can be converted to a gram scale for postsynthetic drug development with functional thiadiazoles. Most importantly, the electrochemical transformation reflected efficient electro-oxidation with an operationally friendly easy procedure with ample functional molecules. Cyclic voltammograms support the mechanism of this electro-oxidative cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Priya Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pragya Pali
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Keshav Raghuvanshi
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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24
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Lindsay AC, Kilmartin PA, Sperry J. Synthesis of 3-nitroindoles by sequential paired electrolysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7903-7913. [PMID: 34549223 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Nitroindoles are synthetically versatile intermediates but current methods for the preparation hinder their widespread application. Herein, we report that nitroenamines undergo electrochemical cyclisation to 3-nitroindoles in the presence of potassium iodide. Detailed control experiments and cyclic voltammogram studies infer the reaction proceeds via a sequential paired electrolysis process, beginning with anodic oxidation of iodide (I-) to the iodine radical (I˙), which facilitates cyclisation of the nitroenamine to give a 3-nitroindolinyl radical. Cathodic reduction and protonation generates a 3-nitroindoline that upon oxidation forms the 3-nitroindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Lindsay
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Paul A Kilmartin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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25
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Wang W, Zhang S, Shi G, Chen Z. Electrochemical synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles from enamines and benzylamines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6682-6686. [PMID: 34282817 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00942g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for synthesizing 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles was developed under undivided electrolytic conditions. This synthesis was specifically realized based on electrochemical C(sp3)-H amination via enamines and amines. Readily available starting materials were used, avoiding the use of both transition metals and oxidants. The practicability of the method lies in its broad substrate adaptability and in its ability to provide a simple green pathway for synthesizing GABAA receptor analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18th, 310014 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18th, 310014 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guang Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18th, 310014 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18th, 310014 Hangzhou, China.
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26
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Novaes LFT, Liu J, Shen Y, Lu L, Meinhardt JM, Lin S. Electrocatalysis as an enabling technology for organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7941-8002. [PMID: 34060564 PMCID: PMC8294342 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has recently gained increased attention as a versatile strategy for achieving challenging transformations at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry. Electrochemistry's unique ability to generate highly reactive radical and radical ion intermediates in a controlled fashion under mild conditions has inspired the development of a number of new electrochemical methodologies for the preparation of valuable chemical motifs. Particularly, recent developments in electrosynthesis have featured an increased use of redox-active electrocatalysts to further enhance control over the selective formation and downstream reactivity of these reactive intermediates. Furthermore, electrocatalytic mediators enable synthetic transformations to proceed in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from purely chemical methods, allowing for the subversion of kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles encountered in conventional organic synthesis. This review highlights key innovations within the past decade in the area of synthetic electrocatalysis, with emphasis on the mechanisms and catalyst design principles underpinning these advancements. A host of oxidative and reductive electrocatalytic methodologies are discussed and are grouped according to the classification of the synthetic transformation and the nature of the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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27
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Chemoselective synthesis of β-enaminones from ynones and aminoalkyl-, phenol- and thioanilines under metal-free conditions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Chicas-Baños DF, Frontana-Uribe BA. Electrochemical Generation and Use in Organic Synthesis of C-, O-, and N-Centered Radicals. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2538-2573. [PMID: 34047059 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade several research groups have been developing electrochemical procedures to access highly functionalized organic molecules. Among the most exciting advances, the possibility of using free radical chemistry has attracted the attention of the most important synthetic groups. Nowadays, electrochemical strategies based on these species with a synthetic purpose are published continuously in scientific journals, increasing the alternatives for the synthetic organic chemistry laboratories. Free radicals can be obtained in organic electrochemical reactions; thus, this review reassembles the last decade's (2010-2020) efforts of the electrosynthetic community to generate and take advantage of the C-, O-, and N-centered radicals' reactivity. The electrochemical reactions that occur, as well as the proposed mechanism, are discussed, trying to give clear information about the used conditions and reactivity of these reactive intermediate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Francisco Chicas-Baños
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
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29
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Zhao L, Qiu C, Zhao L, Yin G, Li F, Wang C, Li Z. Base-promoted, CBr 4-mediated tandem bromination/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of N-aryl enamines: a facile access to 1H- and 3H-indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5377-5382. [PMID: 34047749 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described here is a general and highly efficient method for the synthesis of 1H- and 3H-indoles. In the presence of CBr4 and a suitable base, the cyclization of N-aryl enamines proceeds with high efficiency. Unlike previous intramolecular cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of the same substrates, this process does not require the use of either a transition metal or a stoichiometric amount of oxidant. This method also features operational simplicity, easy scalability and good substrate tolerability. Control experiments indicate the reactions may proceed in a tandem sequence of bromination and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation in a simple one-pot procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Changfu Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.
| | - Guangwei Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
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31
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32
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Wang H, Ying P, Yu J, Su W. Alternative Strategies Enabling Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling: Access to C—C Bonds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202009053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Yang QL, Li YY, Liu Y, Ren TX, Guo LC, Wang DC, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. Electrochemically facilitated oxidative C–H amination enables access to fluorescent N9-fused tricyclic xanthines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00959a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically enabled intramolecular C−H amination route for accessing a broad range of fluorescent N9-fused tricyclic xanthines with various substitution patterns under simple, green, and mild condition is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ying Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Ren
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | | | - Dong-Chao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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34
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Lei N, Shen Y, Li Y, Tao P, Yang L, Su Z, Zheng K. Electrochemical Iodoamination of Indoles Using Unactivated Amines. Org Lett 2020; 22:9184-9189. [PMID: 33185451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly electrochemical approach for iodoamination of various indole derivatives with a series of unactivated amines, amino acid derivatives, and benzotriazoles (more than 80 examples) has been developed. This strategy was further applied in late-stage functionalization of natural products and pharmaceuticals and gram-scale synthesis and radiosynthesis of 131I-labeled compounds. Fundamental insights into the mechanism of the reaction based on control experiments, density functional theory calculation, and cyclic voltammetry are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Pan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Liquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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35
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Hu K, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Zha Z, Wang Z. Iodine-Mediated Electrochemical C(sp2)–H Amination: Switchable Synthesis of Indolines and Indoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:5773-5777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfei Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Qian P, Zha Z, Wang Z. Recent Advances in C−H Functionalization with Electrochemistry and Various Iodine‐Containing Reagents. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qian
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational InstitutionsFuyang Normal University Fuyang Anhui 236037 P. R.China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R.China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R.China
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37
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Yu Y, Zhong J, Xu K, Yuan Y, Ye K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis and Functionalization of Indole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Song Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke‐Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
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38
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Zhang A, Meng T, Wang W, Liu X, Zhu Y, Liu L. Palladium‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of N‐(2‐Haloaryl)alkynylimines: Synthesis of 3‐acylindoles using water as the sole solvent and oxygen source. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An‐An Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 47600, P. R. China
| | - Tuanjie Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 47600, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 47600, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 47600, P. R. China
| | - Yupei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 47600, P. R. China
| | - Lantao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 47600, P. R. China
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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39
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Chen X, Bian Y, Mo B, Sun P, Chen C, Peng J. Copper(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of multisubstituted indoles through sequential Chan–Lam and cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24830-24839. [PMID: 35517475 PMCID: PMC9055228 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04592f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from arylboronic acids and ester (Z)-3-aminoacrylates, one-pot syntheses of diverse indole-3-carboxylic esters have been described through copper(ii)-catalyzed sequential Chan–Lam N-arylation and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions. The initial Chan–Lam arylation can proceed in DMF at 100 °C for 24 h to give ester (Z)-3-(arylamino)acrylate intermediates in the presence of Cu(OAc)2/tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, a catalytic amount of myristic acid as the additive, KMnO4 and KHCO3. Sequentially, these in situ arylated intermediates can undergo an intramolecular oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling process in mixed solvents (DMF/DMSO = 2 : 1) at 130 °C to give C3-functionalized multi-substituted indole derivatives. One-pot syntheses of diverse indole-3-carboxylic esters have been described through copper(ii)-catalyzed sequential oxidative Chan–Lam N-arylation and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Bian
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Baichuan Mo
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Peng
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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40
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Bao X, Jiang W, Liang J, Huo C. One-electron oxidative dehydrogenative annulation and cyclization reactions. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in one-electron oxidation involved oxidative dehydrogenative annulations and cyclizations for the intermolecular and intramolecular construction of valuable ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jia Liang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
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41
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Intrieri D, Carminati DM, Zardi P, Damiano C, Manca G, Gallo E, Mealli C. Indoles from Alkynes and Aryl Azides: Scope and Theoretical Assessment of Ruthenium Porphyrin-Catalyzed Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:16591-16605. [PMID: 31626355 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A symbiotic experimental/computational study analyzed the Ru(TPP)(NAr)2 -catalyzed one-pot formation of indoles from alkynes and aryl azides. Thirty different C3 -substituted indoles were synthesized and the best performance, in term of yields and regioselectivities, was observed when reacting ArC≡CH alkynes with 3,5-(EWG)2 C6 H3 N3 azides, whereas the reaction was less efficient when using electron-rich aryl azides. A DFT analysis describes the reaction mechanism in terms of the energy costs and orbital/electronic evolutions; the limited reactivity of electron-rich azides was also justified. In summary, PhC≡CH alkyne interacts with one NAr imido ligand of Ru(TPP)(NAr)2 to give a residually dangling C(Ph) group, which, by coupling with a C(H) unit of the N-aryl substituent, forms a 5+6 bicyclic molecule. In the process, two subsequent spin changes allow inverting the conformation of the sp2 C(Ph) atom and its consequent electrophilic-like attack to the aromatic ring. The bicycle isomerizes to indole via a two-step outer sphere H-migration. Eventually, a 'Ru(TPP)(NAr)' mono-imido active catalyst is reformed after each azide/alkyne reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Intrieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 416 Hutchison Hall, New York, NY, 14627-0216, USA
| | - Paolo Zardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Damiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Manca
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Mealli
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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42
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Yuan Y, Lei A. Electrochemical Oxidative Cross-Coupling with Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:3309-3324. [PMID: 31774271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative cross-coupling has proved to be one of the most straightforward strategies for forming carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds from easily available precursors. Over the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted in this field and significant advances have been achieved. However, in order to remove the surplus electrons from substrates for chemical bonds formation, stoichiometric oxidants are usually needed. Along with the development of modern sustainable chemistry, considerable efforts have been devoted to perform the oxidative cross-coupling reactions under external-oxidant-free conditions. Electrochemical synthesis is a powerful and environmentally benign approach, which can not only achieve the oxidative cross-couplings under external-oxidant-free conditions, but also release valuable hydrogen gas during the chemical bond formation. Recently, the electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution reactions has been significantly explored. This Account presents our recent efforts toward the development of electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution reactions. (1) We explored the oxidative cross-coupling of thiols/thiophenols with arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes for C-S bond formation. (2) Using the strategy of electrochemical oxidative C-H/N-H cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution, we successfully realized the C-H amination of phenols, anilines, imidazopyridines, and even ethers. (3) Employing halide salts as the green halogenating reagents, we developed a clean C-H halogenation protocol under electrochemical oxidation conditions. To address the limitation that this reaction had to carry out in aqueous solvent, we also developed an alternative method that uses CBr4, CHBr3, CH2Br2, CCl3Br, and CCl4 as halogenating reagents and the mixture of acetonitrile and methanol as cosolvent. (4) We also developed an approach for constructing C-O bonds in a well-developed electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution manner. (5) Under mild external-oxidant-free electrochemical conditions, we realized the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H phosphonylation with modest to high yields. (6) We successfully achieved the S-H/S-H cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution under electrochemical oxidation conditions. By anodic oxidation instead of chemical oxidants, the overoxidation of thiols and thiophenols was well avoided. (7) The methods for constructing structurally diverse heterocyclic compounds were also developed via the electrochemical oxidative annulations. (8) We have also applied the electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution strategy to the alkenes difunctionalization for constructing multiple bonds in one step, such as C-S/C-O bonds, C-S/C-N bonds, C-Se/C-O bonds, and C-Se/C-N bonds. We hope our studies will stimulate the research interest of chemists and pave the way for the discovery of more electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Li J, Liu X, Deng J, Huang Y, Pan Z, Yu Y, Cao H. Electrochemical diselenylation of indolizines via intermolecular C-Se formation with 2-methylpyridines, α-bromoketones and diselenides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:735-738. [PMID: 31840710 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electrochemical system for the construction of diselenytlated indolizines from available pyridines, ketones and diselenides under undivided electrolytic conditions was developed. No external oxidants and transition-metal catalysts are needed for achieving this three-component tandem reaction realizing C-C, C-N and C-Se bond formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Jiadi Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Yingshan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Zihao Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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44
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Wang P, Gao X, Huang P, Lei A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Alkenes with H
2
Evolution. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Gao
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
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45
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Kim K, Kim HY, Oh K. Aerobic Oxidation Approaches to Indole-3-carboxylates: A Tandem Cross Coupling of Amines–Intramolecular Mannich–Oxidation Sequence. Org Lett 2019; 21:6731-6735. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongha Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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46
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Wang H, Gao X, Lv Z, Abdelilah T, Lei A. Recent Advances in Oxidative R 1-H/R 2-H Cross-Coupling with Hydrogen Evolution via Photo-/Electrochemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6769-6787. [PMID: 31074264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photo-/electrochemical catalyzed oxidative R1-H/R2-H cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution has become an increasingly important issue for molecular synthesis. The dream of construction of C-C/C-X bonds from readily available C-H/X-H with release of H2 can be facilely achieved without external chemical oxidants, providing a greener model for chemical bond formation. Given the great influence of these reactions in organic chemistry, we give a summary of the state of the art in oxidative R1-H/R2-H cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution via photo/electrochemistry, and we hope this review will stimulate the development of a greener synthetic strategy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xinlong Gao
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zongchao Lv
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Takfaoui Abdelilah
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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47
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Ye Z, Zhang F. Recent Advances in Constructing Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
via
Electrochemical Dehydrogenation. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
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48
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Wang F, Stahl SS. Merging Photochemistry with Electrochemistry: Functional-Group Tolerant Electrochemical Amination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6385-6390. [PMID: 30763466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds is of broad interest in the realm of C-H functionalization because of the prevalence of nitrogen heterocycles and amines in pharmaceuticals and natural products. Reported here is a combined electrochemical/photochemical method for dehydrogenative C(sp3 )-H/N-H coupling that exhibits good reactivity with both sp2 and sp3 N-H bonds. The results show how use of iodide as an electrochemical mediator, in combination with light-induced cleavage of intermediate N-I bonds, enables the electrochemical process to proceed at low electrode potentials. This approach significantly improves the functional-group compatibility of electrochemical C-H amination, for example, tolerating electron-rich aromatic groups that undergo deleterious side reactions in the presence of high electrode potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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49
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Wang F, Stahl SS. Merging Photochemistry with Electrochemistry: Functional‐Group Tolerant Electrochemical Amination of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
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50
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Lv L, Zhu D, Li CJ. Direct dehydrogenative alkyl Heck-couplings of vinylarenes with umpolung aldehydes catalyzed by nickel. Nat Commun 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 30755610 PMCID: PMC6372677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkenes are fundamental functionalities in nature and highly useful intermediates in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and material sciences. Transition-metal-catalyzed Heck couplings with organic halides as electrophiles have been established as a powerful protocol for the synthesis of this valuable building block. However, the requirement of organic halides and the generation of stoichiometric hazardous halide wastes may cause significant sustainable concerns. The halide-free oxidative Heck alkenylations involving organometallics or arenes as the coupling partners provide a facile and alternative pathway. Nonetheless, stoichiometric amounts of extra oxidant are essential in most cases. Herein, we present a direct dehydrogenative alkyl Heck-coupling reaction under oxidant-free conditions, liberating hydrogen, nitrogen and water as the side products. Excellent regioselectivity is achieved via neighboring oxygen atom coordination. Broad substrate scope, great functional group (ketone, ester, phenol, free amine, amide etc) tolerance and modification of pharmaceutical candidates and biological molecules exemplified its generality and practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dianhu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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