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Pu C, Wang S, Liu L, Feng Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Sun Y, Guo Y, Li R. Current strategies for improving limitations of proteolysis targeting chimeras. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Sebastian D, Satishkumar S, Pradhan P, Yang L, Lakshman MK. General Approach to N6,C5'-Difunctionalization of Adenosine. J Org Chem 2021; 87:18-39. [PMID: 34905365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the C6-halo purine ribonucleosides, the readily accessible 6-chloro derivative has been known to undergo slow SNAr reactions with amines, particularly aryl amines. In this work, we show that in 0.1 M AcOH in EtOH, aryl amines react quite efficiently at the C6-position of 2',3',5'-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected 6-chloropurine riboside (6-ClP-riboside), with concomitant cleavage of the 5'-silyl group. These two-step processes proceeded in generally good yields, and notably, reactions in the absence of AcOH were much slower and/or lower yielding. Corresponding reactions of 2',3',5'-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected 6-ClP-riboside with alkyl amines proceeded well but without desilylation at the primary hydroxyl terminus. These differences are likely due to the acidities of the ammonium chlorides formed in these reactions, and the role of AcOH was not desilylation but possibly only purine activation. With 50% aqueous TFA in THF at 0 °C, cleavage of the 5'-silyl group from 2',3',5'-tri-O-(t-BuMe2Si)-protected N6-alkyl adenosine derivatives and from 6-ClP-riboside was readily achieved. Reactions of the 5'-deprotected 6-ClP-riboside with alkyl amines proceeded in high yields and under mild conditions. Because these complementary methodologies yielded N6-aryl and -alkyl adenosine derivatives containing a free 5'-hydroxyl group, a variety of product functionalizations were undertaken to yield N6,C5'-doubly modified nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dellamol Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Sakilam Satishkumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Padmanava Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Mahesh K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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3
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Kizilboga T, Baskale EA, Yildiz J, Akcay IM, Zemheri E, Can ND, Ozden C, Demir S, Ezberci F, Dinler-Doganay G. Bag-1 stimulates Bad phosphorylation through activation of Akt and Raf kinases to mediate cell survival in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1254. [PMID: 31883527 PMCID: PMC6935482 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bag-1 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene) is a multifunctional anti-apoptotic protein frequently overexpressed in cancer. Bag-1 interacts with a variety of cellular targets including Hsp70/Hsc70 chaperones, Bcl-2, nuclear hormone receptors, Akt and Raf kinases. In this study, we investigated in detail the effects of Bag-1 on major cell survival pathways associated with breast cancer. METHODS Using immunoblot analysis, we examined Bag-1 expression profiles in tumor and normal tissues of breast cancer patients with different receptor status. We investigated the effects of Bag-1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, Akt and Raf kinase pathways, and Bad phosphorylation by implementing ectopic expression or knockdown of Bag-1 in MCF-7, BT-474, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A breast cell lines. We also tested these in tumor and normal tissues from breast cancer patients. We investigated the interactions between Bag-1, Akt and Raf kinases in cell lines and tumor tissues by co-immunoprecipitation, and their subcellular localization by immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We observed that Bag-1 is overexpressed in breast tumors in all molecular subtypes, i.e., regardless of their ER, PR and Her2 expression profile. Ectopic expression of Bag-1 in breast cancer cell lines results in the activation of B-Raf, C-Raf and Akt kinases, which are also upregulated in breast tumors. Bag-1 forms complexes with B-Raf, C-Raf and Akt in breast cancer cells, enhancing their phosphorylation and activation, and ultimately leading to phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic Bad protein at Ser112 and Ser136. This causes Bad's re-localization to the nucleus, and inhibits apoptosis in favor of cell survival. CONCLUSIONS Overall, Bad inhibition by Bag-1 through activation of Raf and Akt kinases is an effective survival and growth strategy exploited by breast cancer cells. Therefore, targeting the molecular interactions between Bag-1 and these kinases might prove an effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Kizilboga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Arzu Baskale
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jale Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Izzet Mehmet Akcay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Zemheri
- Department of Pathology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, 34764 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nisan Denizce Can
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Ozden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salih Demir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikret Ezberci
- Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, 34764 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler-Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Pettinger J, Carter M, Jones K, Cheeseman MD. Kinetic Optimization of Lysine-Targeting Covalent Inhibitors of HSP72. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11383-11398. [PMID: 31725295 PMCID: PMC6959841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The covalent inhibition mechanism of action, which overcomes competition with high-affinity, high-abundance substrates of challenging protein targets, can deliver effective chemical probes and drugs. The success of this strategy has centered on exposed cysteine residues as nucleophiles but the low abundance of cysteine in the proteome has limited its application. We have recently reported our discovery that lysine-56 in the difficult-to-drug target HSP72 could form a covalent bond with a small-molecule inhibitor. We now disclose the optimization of these targeted covalent inhibitors using rational design. Essential to our optimization was the development of a new covalent fluorescence polarization assay, which allows for the direct measurement of the key kinetic parameter in covalent inhibitor design, kinact/KI, extrapolation of the underlying parameters, kinact and Ki, and direct comparison to reversible analogues. Using our approach, we demonstrate a >100-fold enhancement in covalent efficiency and key learnings in lysine-selective electrophile optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pettinger
- Cancer Research UK Cancer
Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer
Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Carter
- Cancer Research UK Cancer
Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer
Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer
Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer
Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Cheeseman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer
Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer
Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
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Kandala D, Del Piano A, Minati L, Clamer M. Targeting Translation Activity at the Ribosome Interface with UV-Active Small Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10336-10345. [PMID: 31460127 PMCID: PMC6648492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Puromycin is a well-known antibiotic that is used to study the mechanism of protein synthesis and to monitor ribosome activity due to its incorporation into nascent peptide chains. However, puromycin effects outside the ribosome catalytic core remain unexplored. Here, we developed two analogues (3PB and 3PC) of the 3'-end of tyrosylated-tRNA that can efficiently interact with several proteins associated with ribosomes. We biochemically characterized the binding of these analogues and globally mapped the direct small molecule-protein interactions in living cells using clickable and photoreactive puromycin-like probes in combination with in-depth mass spectrometry. We identified a list of proteins targeted by the molecules during ribosome activity (e.g., GRP78), and we addressed possible uses of the probes to sense the activity of protein synthesis and to capture associated RNA. By coupling genome-wide RNA sequencing methods with these molecules, the characterization of unexplored translational control mechanisms will be feasible.
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Lee II, Kuznik NC, Rottenberg JT, Brown M, Cato ACB. BAG1L: a promising therapeutic target for androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R289-R299. [PMID: 30913537 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are important determinants of normal and malignant prostate growth. They function by binding to the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the androgen receptor (AR). All clinically approved AR-targeting antiandrogens for prostate cancer therapy function by competing with endogenous androgens. Despite initial robust responses to androgen deprivation therapy, nearly all patients with advanced prostate cancer relapse with lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Progression to CRPC is associated with ongoing AR signaling, which in part, is due to the expression of constitutively active AR splice variants that contain the N-terminus of the receptor but lack the C-terminus. Currently, there are no approved therapies specifically targeting the AR N-terminus. Current pharmacologic targeting strategies for inhibiting the AR N-terminal region have proven difficult, due to its intrinsically unstructured nature and lack of enzymatic activity. An alternative approach is to target key molecules such as the cochaperone BAG1L that bind to and enhance the activity of the AR AF1. Here, we review recent literature that suggest Bag-1L is a promising target for AR-positive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene I Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nane C Kuznik
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jaice T Rottenberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew C B Cato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Chessum NEA, Sharp SY, Caldwell JJ, Pasqua AE, Wilding B, Colombano G, Collins I, Ozer B, Richards M, Rowlands M, Stubbs M, Burke R, McAndrew PC, Clarke PA, Workman P, Cheeseman MD, Jones K. Demonstrating In-Cell Target Engagement Using a Pirin Protein Degradation Probe (CCT367766). J Med Chem 2018; 61:918-933. [PMID: 29240418 PMCID: PMC5815658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrating intracellular protein target engagement is an essential step in the development and progression of new chemical probes and potential small molecule therapeutics. However, this can be particularly challenging for poorly studied and noncatalytic proteins, as robust proximal biomarkers are rarely known. To confirm that our recently discovered chemical probe 1 (CCT251236) binds the putative transcription factor regulator pirin in living cells, we developed a heterobifunctional protein degradation probe. Focusing on linker design and physicochemical properties, we generated a highly active probe 16 (CCT367766) in only three iterations, validating our efficient strategy for degradation probe design against nonvalidated protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola E. A. Chessum
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Swee Y. Sharp
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Caldwell
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - A. Elisa Pasqua
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Wilding
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Giampiero Colombano
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Bugra Ozer
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion Richards
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rowlands
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stubbs
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - P. Craig McAndrew
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Clarke
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Cheeseman
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer Research
UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute
of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
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