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Droguett K, Quintero GE, Santos JG, Aliaga ME. Advancement in supramolecular control of organic reactivity induced by cucurbit[n]urils. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Kanno R, Tanaka K, Ikami T, Ouchi M, Terashima T. Reversible Co-Self-Assembly and Self-Sorting Systems of Polymer Micelles in Water: Polymers Switch Association Partners in Response to Salts. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikuto Kanno
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takaya Ikami
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Cruz L, Basílio N, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Pina F. Natural and Synthetic Flavylium-Based Dyes: The Chemistry Behind the Color. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1416-1481. [PMID: 34843220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavylium compounds are a well-known family of pigments because they are prevalent in the plant kingdom, contributing to colors over a wide range from shades of yellow-red to blue in fruits, flowers, leaves, and other plant parts. Flavylium compounds include a large variety of natural compound classes, namely, anthocyanins, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, auronidins, and their respective aglycones as well as anthocyanin-derived pigments (e.g., pyranoanthocyanins, anthocyanin-flavan-3-ol dimers). During the past few decades, there has been increasing interest among chemists in synthesizing different flavylium compounds that mimic natural structures but with different substitution patterns that present a variety of spectroscopic characteristics in view of their applications in different industrial fields. This Review provides an overview of the chemistry of flavylium-based compounds, in particular, the synthetic and enzymatic approaches and mechanisms reported in the literature for obtaining different classes of pigments, their physical-chemical properties in relation to their pH-dependent equilibria network, and their chemical and enzymatic degradation. The development of flavylium-based systems is also described throughout this Review for emergent applications to explore some of the physical-chemical properties of the multistate of species generated by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Basílio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Pina
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Seco A, Yu S, Tron A, McClenaghan ND, Pina F, Jorge Parola A, Basílio N. Light- and pH-regulated Water-soluble Pseudorotaxanes Comprising a Cucurbit[7]uril and a Flavylium-based Axle. Chemistry 2021; 27:16512-16522. [PMID: 34632666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A linear double pyridinium-terminated thread comprising a central chalcone moiety is shown to provide two independent binding sites with similar affinity for cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) macrocycles in water as judged from NMR, UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Association results in [2] and [3]pseudorotaxanes, which are both pH and photosensitive. Switching from the neutral chalcone to the cationic flavylium form upon irradiation at 365 nm under acidic conditions provided an enhanced CB7 association (K1:1 increases from 1.2×105 M-1 to 1.5×108 M-1 ), limiting spontaneous on-thread cucurbituril shuttling. This co-conformational change in the [2]pseudorotaxane is reversible in the dark with kobs =4.1×10-4 s-1 . Threading the flavylium moiety into CB7 leads to a dramatic increase in the fluorescence quantum yield, from 0.29 in the free axle to 0.97 in the [2]pseudorotaxane and 1.0 in the [3]pseudorotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Seco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Shilin Yu
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Arnaud Tron
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Nathan D McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Fernando Pina
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Jorge Parola
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Basílio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Ghosh A, Schmittel M. Using multiple self-sorting for switching functions in discrete multicomponent systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2831-2853. [PMID: 33281986 PMCID: PMC7684700 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over years self-sorting has developed into a powerful tool in supramolecular chemistry, for instance, to promote the error-free formation of intricate multicomponent assemblies. However, in order to use the enormous potential of self-sorting for sophisticated information processing more recent developments have focused on the reversible reconfiguration of multicomponent systems driven by multiple self-sorting protocols. The present mini review will provide an overview over the latest advancements in this field with a focus on reversibly switchable functions in discrete supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Seco A, Diniz AM, Sarrato J, Mourão H, Cruz H, Parola AJ, Basílio N. A pseudorotaxane formed from a cucurbit[7]uril wheel and a bioinspired molecular axle with pH, light and redox-responsive properties. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA pH-, light- and redox-responsive flavylium-bipyridinium molecular dyad (bioinspired in natural anthocyanins) was synthesized and employed to devise a pseudorotaxane with the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) in aqueous solution. The inclusion complex was characterized by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, NMR and electrochemical techniques which demonstrate formation of a stable binary complex between the dyad and CB7 both under acidic and neutral conditions. It is noteworthy that the flavylium-bipyridinium tricationic dyad is only stable in highly acidic media, undergoing a reversible hydration reaction at slightly acidic or neutral pH to give a trans-chalcone-bipyridinium dication. 1H NMR experiments showed that in this last species the CB7 binds to the bipyridinium unit while in the tricationic species the macrocycle is positioned between the flavylium and the bipyridinium moieties. The different location of the CB7 wheel in the two dyad states allows control of the shuttling movement using light and pH stimuli that trigger the interconversion between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Seco
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Diniz
- Health Technology College of Lisbon (ESTeSL) – Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Sarrato
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Henrique Mourão
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Cruz
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A. Jorge Parola
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Basílio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Coubrough HM, Balonova B, Pask CM, Blight BA, Wilson AJ. A pH-Switchable Triple Hydrogen-Bonding Motif. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:40-44. [PMID: 31921544 PMCID: PMC6948117 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A stimuli responsive linear hydrogen bonding motif, capable of in situ protonation and deprotonation, has been investigated. The interactions of the responsive hydrogen bonding motif with complementary partners were examined through a series of 1H NMR experiments, revealing that the recognition preference of the responsive hydrogen bonding motif in a mixture can be switched between two states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Coubrough
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTU.K
| | - Barbora Balonova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New BrunswickToole Hall, FrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada
| | - Christopher M. Pask
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTU.K
| | - Barry A. Blight
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New BrunswickToole Hall, FrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTU.K
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Romero MA, Mateus P, Matos B, Acuña Á, García-Río L, Arteaga JF, Pischel U, Basílio N. Binding of Flavylium Ions to Sulfonatocalix[4]arene and Implication in the Photorelease of Biologically Relevant Guests in Water. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10852-10859. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Romero
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro Mateus
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Matos
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ángel Acuña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis García-Río
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús F. Arteaga
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Nuno Basílio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Lazar AI, Rohacova J, Nau WM. Comparison of Complexation-Induced pKa Shifts in the Ground and Excited States of Dyes as Well as Different Macrocyclic Hosts and Their Manifestation in Host-Retarded Excited-Dye Deprotonation. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11390-11398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Lazar
- Department of Life Sciences
and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jana Rohacova
- Department of Life Sciences
and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences
and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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10
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Macartney DH. Cucurbit[n]uril Host-Guest Complexes of Acids, Photoacids, and Super Photoacids. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donal H. Macartney
- Department of Chemistry; Queen's University; 90 Bader Lane, Kingston ON Canada K7L3N6
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