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Lan X, Boetje L, Pelras T, Ye C, Silvianti F, Loos K. Lipoic acid-based vitrimer-like elastomer. Polym Chem 2023; 14:5014-5020. [PMID: 38013676 PMCID: PMC10644234 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent networks (DCNs) are materials that feature reversible bond formation and breaking, allowing for self-healing and recyclability. To speed up the bond exchange, significant amounts of catalyst are used, which creates safety concerns. To tackle this issue, we report the synthesis of a lipoic acid-based vitrimer-like elastomer (LAVE) by combining (i) ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones, (ii) lipoic acid modification of polylactones, and (iii) UV crosslinking. The melting temperature (Tm) of LAVE is below room temperature, which ensures the elastic properties of LAVE at service temperature. By carefully altering the network, it is possible to tune the Tm, as well as the mechanical strength and stretchability of the material. An increase in polylactone chain length in LAVE was found to increase strain at break from 25% to 180% and stress at break from 0.34 to 1.41 MPa. The material showed excellent network stability under cyclic strain loading, with no apparent hysteresis. The introduction of disulfide bonds allows the material to self-heal under UV exposure, extending its shelf life. Overall, this work presents an environmentally friendly approach for producing a sustainable elastomer that has potential for use in applications such as intelligent robots, smart wearable technology, and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lan
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Laura Boetje
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Théophile Pelras
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Chongnan Ye
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Fitrilia Silvianti
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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2
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Lan X, Li W, Ye C, Boetje L, Pelras T, Silvianti F, Chen Q, Pei Y, Loos K. Scalable and Degradable Dextrin-Based Elastomers for Wearable Touch Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4398-4407. [PMID: 36514844 PMCID: PMC9880951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elastomer-based wearables can improve people's lives; however, frictional wear caused by manipulation may pose significant concerns regarding their durability and sustainability. To address the aforementioned issue, a new class of advanced scalable supersoft elastic transparent material (ASSETm) is reported, which offers a unique combination of scalability (20 g scale), stretchability (up to 235%), and enzymatic degradability (up to 65% in 30 days). The key feature of our design is to render native dextrin hydrophobic, which turns it into a macroinitiator for bulk ring-opening polymerization. Based on ASSETm, a self-powered touch sensor (ASSETm-TS) for touch sensing and non-contact approaching detection, possessing excellent electrical potential (up to 65 V) and rapid response time (60 ms), is fabricated. This work is a step toward developing sustainable soft electronic systems, and ASSETm's tunability enables further improvement of electrical outputs, enhancing human-interactive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lan
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Wenjian Li
- Advanced
Production Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Chongnan Ye
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Laura Boetje
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Théophile Pelras
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Fitrilia Silvianti
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Qi Chen
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Yutao Pei
- Advanced
Production Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen9747AG, The
Netherlands
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3
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Das A, Pal S, Jewrajka SK. Physical, Electrochemical, and Solvent Permeation Properties of Amphiphilic Conetwork Membranes Formed through Interlinking of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)- Graft-Poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate] with Telechelic Poly(ethylene glycol) and Small Molecular Weight Cross-Linkers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15340-15352. [PMID: 36459173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation of dense and porous amphiphilic conetwork (APCN) membranes through the covalent interconnection of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PVDF-g-PDMAEMA) copolymers with telechelic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or α,α-dichloro-p-xylene (XDC). The dense APCN membranes exhibit varying solvent swelling and mechanical properties depending on the compositions and overall crystallinity. The crystallinity of both PVDF (20-47%) and PEG (9-17%) is significantly suppressed in the dense APCNs prepared through the interconnection of PVDF-g-PDMAEMA with reactive PEG as compared to the APCN membranes (48-53%) prepared with XDC as well as mechanical blend of PVDF-g-PDMAEMA plus nonreactive PEG. The dense APCN membranes exhibit a good transport number of monovalent ions and ionic conductivity. The APCN membrane interconnected with PEG and containing binary ionic liquids exhibits a room-temperature lithium ion conductivity of 0.52 mS/cm. On the other hand, APCN ultrafiltration (UF) membranes exhibit organic solvent-resistant behavior. The UF membrane obtained by interconnecting PVDF-g-PDMAEMA with telechelic PEG shows low protein fouling propensity, higher hydrophilicity, and water flux as compared to membranes prepared using XDC as the interconnecting agent. The significant effect of the covalent interconnection of the amphiphilic graft copolymers with telechelic PEG or XDC on the overall properties provides a good opportunity to modulate the properties and performance of APCN membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
| | - Sandip Pal
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh201002, India
| | - Suresh K Jewrajka
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh201002, India
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4
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Quantifying How Drug-Polymer Interaction and Volume Phase Transition Modulate the Drug Release Kinetics from Core-Shell Microgels. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121838. [PMID: 35597392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a simple experimental-informed theory describing the drug release process from a temperature-responsive core-shell microgel. In stark contrast to the commonly employed power-law models, we couple electric, hydrophobic, and steric factors to characterize the impact of drug-polymer pair interaction on the release kinetics. To this end, we also propose a characteristic time, depicting the drug release process as an interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics. In some instances, the negative correlation between the diffusivity and the (thermodynamics) drug-polymer interaction renders the drug release time non-trivial. In conclusion, our theory establishes a mechanistic understanding of the drug release process, exploring the effect of (hydrophobic adhesion) attractive and (steric exclusion) repulsive pair interactions between the drugs and the microgel in the presence of temperature-induced volume phase transition.
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5
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Nakamoto M, Noguchi M, Nishiguchi A, Mano JF, Matsusaki M, Akashi M. Fabrication of highly stretchable hydrogel based on crosslinking between alendronates functionalized poly-γ-glutamate and calcium cations. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100225. [PMID: 35280331 PMCID: PMC8914556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Nakamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moe Noguchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishiguchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author
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6
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Soft-hard hybrid covalent-network polymer sponges with super resilience, recoverable energy dissipation and fatigue resistance under large deformation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112185. [PMID: 34082984 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Energy absorption or dissipation ability has been widely developed in tough hydrogels and 3D nano-structured sponges for a variety of applications. However, fully recoverable energy dissipation and fatigue resistance under large deformation is still challenging yet highly desirable. Polymer network with homogeneous chemical crosslinking structures is an efficient way to construct hydrogels with high resilience and fatigue resistance. Unfortunately, such polymer network usually has poor energy dissipation capability. In this paper, we propose a new approach to build the ability of fully recoverable energy dissipation into covalent-crosslink polymer network by integrating soft and hard chains in a uniform crosslinking network and present the one-pot synthesis method for constructing corresponding polymer sponges by low-temperature phase-separation photopolymerization. The application of such polymer sponges as a tissue engineering scaffold, fabricated by using cyclic acetal units and PEG based monomers in particular is demonstrated. For the first time, we show the feasibility of building a synthetic scaffold with the characteristics of high porosity, super compressibility and resilience, fast recovery, completely recoverable energy dissipation, high fatigue resistance, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Such a scaffold is promising in tissue engineering especially in load-bearing applications.
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7
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Patrickios CS, Matyjaszewski K. Amphiphilic polymer co‐networks: 32 years old and growing stronger – a perspective. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA
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8
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Chan NJA, Gu D, Tan S, Fu Q, Pattison TG, O'Connor AJ, Qiao GG. Spider-silk inspired polymeric networks by harnessing the mechanical potential of β-sheets through network guided assembly. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1630. [PMID: 32242004 PMCID: PMC7118121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The high toughness of natural spider-silk is attributed to their unique β-sheet secondary structures. However, the preparation of mechanically strong β-sheet rich materials remains a significant challenge due to challenges involved in processing the polymers/proteins, and managing the assembly of the hydrophobic residues. Inspired by spider-silk, our approach effectively utilizes the superior mechanical toughness and stability afforded by localised β-sheet domains within an amorphous network. Using a grafting-from polymerisation approach within an amorphous hydrophilic network allows for spatially controlled growth of poly(valine) and poly(valine-r-glycine) as β-sheet forming polypeptides via N-carboxyanhydride ring opening polymerisation. The resulting continuous β-sheet nanocrystal network exhibits improved compressive strength and stiffness over the initial network lacking β-sheets of up to 30 MPa (300 times greater than the initial network) and 6 MPa (100 times greater than the initial network) respectively. The network demonstrates improved resistance to strong acid, base and protein denaturants over 28 days. It is known the β-sheet structures in silk-inspired materials generate increased mechanical properties. Here, the authors report on a method of creating silk-inspired materials using in situ formation of β-sheets in an amorphous polymer to replicate the structure of silk and increase the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dunyin Gu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Geoffrey Pattison
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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9
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Effect of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity on gel emulsions by benzenesulphonamide moiety-based amphiphiles: entrapment and release of vitamin B12. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Cao J, Cai Y, Yu L, Zhou J. Dual physically crosslinked hydrogels based on the synergistic effects of electrostatic and dipole–dipole interactions. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:676-683. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual physically crosslinked hydrogels with high strength and toughness were fabricated through the electrostatic and dipole–dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Jinping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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11
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Kumru B, Molinari V, Hilgart M, Rummel F, Schäffler M, Schmidt BVKJ. Polymer grafted graphitic carbon nitrides as precursors for reinforced lubricant hydrogels. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00505f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride-based hydrogels are formed in a two-step procedure and feature significant toughness, compressibility and lubricant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kumru
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Valerio Molinari
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
- School of Chemistry
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12
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Kitiri EN, Varnava CK, Patrickios CS, Voutouri C, Stylianopoulos T, Gradzielski M, Hoffmann I. Double‐networks based on interconnected amphiphilic “in–out” star first polymer conetworks prepared by RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina N. Kitiri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Cyprus P. O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678 Cyprus
| | | | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 124, 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institut Max von Laue‐Paul Langevin (ILL) F‐38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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13
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Gu D, Tan S, O’Connor AJ, Qiao GG. On-Demand Cascade Release of Hydrophobic Chemotherapeutics from a Multicomponent Hydrogel System. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1696-1707. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dunyin Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrea J. O’Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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14
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Apostolides DE, Patrickios CS, Sakai T, Guerre M, Lopez G, Améduri B, Ladmiral V, Simon M, Gradzielski M, Clemens D, Krumm C, Tiller JC, Ernould B, Gohy JF. Near-Model Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks Based on Four-Arm Stars of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(ethylene glycol): Synthesis and Characterization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, 2109 Aglanjia, Cyprus
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Marc Guerre
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, UM, Cedex 5 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérald Lopez
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, UM, Cedex 5 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, UM, Cedex 5 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, UM, Cedex 5 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Miriam Simon
- Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Clemens
- Institut für Weiche Materie und Funktionale Materialien (EM-ISFM), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Krumm
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bruno Ernould
- Institute for Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute for Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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