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Acharya A, Yadav M, Nagpure M, Kumaresan S, Guchhait SK. Molecular medicinal insights into scaffold hopping-based drug discovery success. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103845. [PMID: 38013043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In both academia and the pharmaceutical industry, innovative hypotheses, methodologies and technologies that can shorten the drug research and development, leading to higher success rates, are vital. In this review, we demonstrate how innovative variations of the scaffold-hopping strategy have been used to create new druggable molecular spaces, drugs, clinical candidates, preclinical candidates, and bioactive agents. We also analyze molecular modulations that enabled improvements of the pharmacodynamic (PD), physiochemical, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties (P3 properties) of the drugs resulting from these scaffold-hopping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Acharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mukul Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanathanalaxmi Kumaresan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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2
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Kumar G, Nagpure M, Rao VK, Guchhait SK. Synthesis of heterocyclic‐fused furans and dihydrofurans via a (4+1)‐annulation with ylide: Exploration of unique reactivity behavior of α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylide. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Department of Medicinal Chemistry Sector 67SAS Nagar 160062 Mohali INDIA
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Department of Medicinal Chemistry Sector 67SAS Nagar 160062 Mohali INDIA
| | - Vajja Krishna Rao
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Department of Medicinal Chemistry Sector 67SAS Nagar 160062 Mohali INDIA
| | - Sankar Kumar Guchhait
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Department of Medicinal Chemistry Phase X, Sector 67 160062 S. A. S. Nagar Mohali INDIA
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3
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Guchhait SK, Saini M, Khivsara VJ, Giri SK. Annulation of Conjugated Azine-Imine with a Sulfoxonium Ylide in a Noncarbenoid Route to Synthesize Multisubstituted Imidazole-Fused Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5380-5387. [PMID: 33759525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new [4+1]-annulation of in situ generated heterocyclic azine-aldimines with β-keto sulfoxonium ylides has been developed. The reaction constructs N-fused imidazole rings. In the reaction, the ylides play a dual-functional role of a nucleophilic 1,1-dipolar one-carbon synthon and a source of an internal oxidant, dimethyl sulfoxide, that promotes in situ dehydrogenation to product scaffolds. The method enables access to imidazo-pyridine, pyrazine, and pyrimidine heteroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Meenu Saini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Viren J Khivsara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Santosh K Giri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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4
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Optimizing the Electrochemiluminescence of Readily Accessible Pyrido[1,2‐α]pyrimidines through “Green” Substituent Regulation. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Chen Q, Chen S, Wu H, Zeng X, Chen W, Sun G, Wang Z. Application of 2-Aminopyridines in the Synthesis of Five- and Six-Membered Azaheterocycles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Chen Z, Lin B, Chen L, Zou Y, Yan M, Zhang X. Perfluorobutyl Iodide Mediated [1,2] and [2,3] Stevens Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Indolin‐3‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Yu Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Bi‐Zhen Lin
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zou
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Jing Zhang
- The Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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7
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Bhujanga Rao C, Zhang N, Hu J, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhang R, Yuan J, Dong D. Tf 2O-Mediated Cyclization of α-Acyl-β-(2-aminopyridinyl)acrylamides: Access to N-Substituted 4 H-Pyrido[1,2- a]pyrimidin-4-imines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4695-4705. [PMID: 32149512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient direct synthesis of N-substituted 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-imines is developed from α-acyl-β-(2-aminopyridinyl)acrylamides mediated by triflic anhydride (Tf2O) in the presence of 2-chloropyridine. This amide activation protocol features mild reaction conditions, simple execution, excellent yields, and high chemoselectivity, and is also applied to the synthesis of substituted 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones via a practical one-pot procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitturi Bhujanga Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiana Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongjiu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Dewen Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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8
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Wu G, Wu Q. A Domino Reaction of Pyridinium Salts: Efficient Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐(
NH
)‐Triazoles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Long Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology, No 8, Liangxiang Donglu Beijing 102488 China
| | - Qin‐Pei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology, No 8, Liangxiang Donglu Beijing 102488 China
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9
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Zhang R, Tong F, Yang L, Adsetts JR, Yan T, Wang R, Ding Z, Wang HB. Facile synthesis and efficient electrochemiluminescence of a readily accessible pyridopyrimidine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9897-9900. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05490h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through a facile one-pot three-component reaction and a subsequent acetylation strategy, a novel greenish-blue fluorescent 4-imino-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (IPPC) was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Feng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | | | - Tianhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
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