1
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Hu G, Xu HD, Fang J. Sulfur-based fluorescent probes for biological analysis: A review. Talanta 2024; 279:126515. [PMID: 39024854 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of small-molecule fluorescence detection methodologies in scientific research and industrial contexts can be ascribed to their inherent merits, including elevated sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, real-time detection capabilities, and non-destructive characteristics. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on small-molecule fluorescent probes engineered with sulfur elements, aiming to detect a diverse array of biologically active species. This review presents a comprehensive survey of sulfur-based fluorescent probes published from 2017 to 2023. The diverse repertoire of recognition sites, including but not limited to N, N-dimethylthiocarbamyl, disulfides, thioether, sulfonyls and sulfoxides, thiourea, thioester, thioacetal and thioketal, sulfhydryl, phenothiazine, thioamide, and others, inherent in these sulfur-based probes markedly amplifies their capacity for detecting a broad spectrum of analytes, such as metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive sulfur species, reactive nitrogen species, proteins, and beyond. Owing to the individual disparities in the molecular structures of the probes, analogous recognition units may be employed to discern diverse substrates. Subsequent to this classification, the review provides a concise summary and introduction to the design and biological applications of these probe molecules. Lastly, drawing upon a synthesis of published works, the review engages in a discussion regarding the merits and drawbacks of these fluorescent probes, offering guidance for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
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2
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Pratihar S, Bhagavath KK, Govindaraju T. Small molecules and conjugates as theranostic agents. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:826-849. [PMID: 37920393 PMCID: PMC10619134 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostics, the integration of therapy and diagnostics into a single entity for the purpose of monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Diagnostics involves identifying specific characteristics of a disease, while therapeutics refers to the treatment of the disease based on this identification. Advancements in medicinal chemistry and technology have led to the development of drug modalities that provide targeted therapeutic effects while also providing real-time updates on disease progression and treatment. The inclusion of imaging in therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of devastating diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Currently, theranostic treatment approaches are based on nuclear medicine, while nanomedicine and a wide diversity of macromolecular systems such as gels, polymers, aptamers, and dendrimer-based agents are being developed for the purpose. Theranostic agents have significant roles to play in both early-stage drug development and clinical-stage therapeutic-containing drug candidates. This review will briefly outline the pros and cons of existing and evolving theranostic approaches before comprehensively discussing the role of small molecules and their conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Pratihar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Krithi K Bhagavath
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
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3
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Zhang R, Hao L, Chen P, Zhang G, Liu N. Multifunctional small-molecule theranostic agents for tumor-specific imaging and targeted chemotherapy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106576. [PMID: 37182421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although great progress has been achieved in cancer diagnosis and treatment, novel therapies are still urgently needed to increase the efficacy and reduce the side effects of conventional therapies. Personalized medicine involves administering patients drugs that are specific to the characteristics of their tumors, and has significantly reduced side effects and increased overall survival rates. Multifunctional theranostic drugs are designed to combine diagnostic and therapeutic functions into a single molecule, which reduces the number of drugs administered to patients and increases patient compliance, and have shown great potential in propelling personalized medicine. This review focuses on multifunctional small-molecule theranostic agents for tumor-specific imaging and targeted chemotherapy, with a particular emphasis placed on highlighting design strategies and application in vitro or in vivo. The challenges and future perspectives of multifunctional small molecules are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 528051, China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for ReseCarch and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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4
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Jin W, Fan B, Qin X, Liu Y, Qian C, Tang B, James TD, Chen G. Structure-activity of chlormethine fluorescent prodrugs: Witnessing the development of trackable drug delivery. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Jia M, Wei L, Lu Y, Zhang R, Chen Q, Xia W, Liu Y, Li F, Zhou Y. A mitochondria targetable near-infrared fluorescence probe for glutathione visual biological detection. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2668-2674. [PMID: 35425335 PMCID: PMC8979032 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08917j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), an abundant non-protein thiol, plays a crucial role in numerous biotic processes. Herein, a mitochondria-targeted near-infrared GSH probe (JGP) was synthesized, which displayed desired properties with high specificity and sensitivity, appreciable water solubility, and rapid response time. In the presence of GSH, nearly a 13-fold fluorescence emission growth appeared at 730 nm and the solvent color changed from blue to cyan. The sensing mechanism of JGP and GSH was confirmed by a high-resolution mass spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, good cell penetration enabled JGP to be successfully used for imaging biological samples such as HeLa cells, C. elegans, and especially rat brain slices. Imaging experiments showed that JGP could monitor the GSH concentration changes with a dose-dependent direct ratio in all the tested samples. The successful application of JGP in brain imaging indicates that JGP is a suitable GSH optical probe, which may have wide application value in fields of brain imaging. It also lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the further application of fluorescent probes in brain sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Jia
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Kunming Yunnan 650000 P. R. China
| | - Yuxun Lu
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ruqiu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University Kunming 650500 P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Chen
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wenjiang Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University Kunming 650500 P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Kunming Yunnan 650000 P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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6
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 206.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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7
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Suzuki AZ, Sakano T, Sasaki H, Watahiki R, Sone M, Horikawa K, Furuta T. Design and synthesis of gene-directed caged cyclic nucleotides exhibiting cell type selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5630-5633. [PMID: 34018507 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed a new caging group that can be photoactivated only in the presence of a non-endogenous enzyme when exposed to 405 nm light. Because cells or tissues can be genetically tagged by an exogenously expressed enzyme, this novel method can serve as a strategy for adding targeting abilities to photocaged compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Z Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Taichi Sakano
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirona Sasaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Rei Watahiki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Masaki Sone
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Horikawa
- Department of Optical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto Cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Furuta
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
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8
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Han Q, Huang L, Luo Q, Wang Y, Wu M, Sun S, Zhang H, Wang Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of biotin-conjugated Portulaca oleracea polysaccharides. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18084-18092. [PMID: 35480215 PMCID: PMC9033186 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotinylated Portulaca oleracea polysaccharide (Bio-POP) conjugates were successfully prepared by the esterification reaction. The biotinylated polysaccharide products were an off-white powder with an average degree of substitution of 42.5%. After grafting biotin onto POP, the thermal stability of Bio-POP conjugates was much higher than that of POP and the surface topography of Bio-POP was a loose and porous cross-linked structure. The cytotoxicity assay in vitro demonstrated that POP, biotin, and Bio-POP conjugates exhibited different cytotoxicity to HeLa, MCF-7, LO-2, and A549, in particular POP inhibited the growth of the A549 cell line more than other cell lines. The nuclear staining method demonstrated that Bio-POP conjugates can interfere with the apoptosis of A549 cells to some extent and the immunofluorescence staining photograph illustrated that Bio-POP conjugates induced A549 cells to exhibit immune activity. Therefore, the combination of biotin and Portulaca oleracea polysaccharides had immune synergistic therapeutic effects on A549 cells and can be applied in the field of anti-tumor conjugate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Han
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Huang
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital Yancheng 224006 China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Sun
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
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9
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Li X, Wang H, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Chen Y. A GSH-responsive PET-based fluorescent probe for cancer cells imaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Shi J, Li J, Wang Y, Cheng J, Zhang CY. Recent advances in MoS 2-based photothermal therapy for cancer and infectious disease treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:5793-5807. [PMID: 32597915 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a treatment combining laser irradiation and a photothermal transduction agent (PTA) to generate hyperthermia, which is used to efficiently and effectively treat cancer and prevent bacteria-induced infectious diseases. MoS2, an increasingly used two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide, which shows high absorbance in the near infrared (NIR) laser region, has been extensively utilized as a novel PTA in biomedical applications. The use of MoS2 as an advanced photoabsorbing agent has introduced a more efficient cancer therapy and improved antibacterial efficacy. In this review, we firstly summarize the recent advances in the MoS2-based platform for PTT in cancer and bacteria-induced infectious diseases treatments. We then discuss that the combination of MoS2-based PTT and other biomedical methods along with multimodality imaging, such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy, might be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, a new concept is proposed wherein MoS2-based PTT and combined therapies based on this could be more effective for the treatment of various bacteria-induced infectious diseases. Finally, research progress, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of this MoS2-based platform in cancer and bacteria-induced infectious disease treatments are discussed and concluded. Collectively, we think that MoS2-based PTT with high therapeutic efficacy and minimal side-effects could be potentially applied in clinical settings to improve cancer and infectious disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Shi
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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11
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Shen R, Bai J, Qian Y. A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent dye naphthalimide-thioether-cyanine for NIR-activated photodynamic treatment of cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2462-2468. [PMID: 33634295 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an NIR-activated fluorescent dye naphthalimide-thioether-cyanine (NPSCY) was developed for the photodynamic treatment of cancer cells. In this dye, naphthalimide and cyanine were selected as the two fluorophores, which were linked by the thioether group. Under 660 nm irradiation, NPSCY could produce 1O2 rapidly, suggesting the potential for photodynamic therapy. Cys can be considered as one of the markers of cancer cells and NPSCY could distinguish Cys from three channels (433 nm, 475 nm, 733 nm) due to the bilateral recognition of the thioether group, which was helpful for accurately locating cancer cells. Fortunately, NPSCY could also produce 1O2 after being reacted with the intracellular biological thiols, which also avoided the inactivation of the photosensitizer in cancer cells. The co-localization coefficient of 0.873 indicated that the cyanine group promoted the aggregation of NPSCY in mitochondria. This photosensitizer showed low dark toxicity and high phototoxicity. Meanwhile, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated to be 3.7 μM. NPSCY could inhibit cell migration after irradiation at 660 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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12
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Chen J, Li Y, Feng X, She M, Yao W, Leng X, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. An ICT-based fluorescent probe guided by theoretical calculation for selectively mapping endogenous GSH in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119041. [PMID: 33080512 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most essential bio-thiols to maintain the redox balance of organisms which is strongly associated with many physiological processes. Detecting the concentration and mapping the distribution of GSH in the living system is significant to study many related diseases. In this work, we have successfully constructed an ICT-based model to guide the design and synthesis of GSH specific fluorescent probe CF1. A serials spectroscopy test demonstrated that the response of CF1 towards GSH owned large stokes shift (~167 nm) and an excellent linear relationship (0-120 μM, R2 = 0.9961). Furthermore, CF1 was successfully applied to image endogenous GSH in different cell lines with high sensitivity. This work is instructive for the oriented synthesis of ICT-based functional fluorescent probe and the further visualization of intracellular targets in the living system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China
| | - Xukai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Lab of Tissue Engineering, the College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Wenxin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China
| | - Xin Leng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Lab of Tissue Engineering, the College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710127, PR China.
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13
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Geenen SR, Schumann T, Müller TJJ. Fluorescent Donor-Acceptor Psoralen Cruciforms by Consecutive Suzuki-Suzuki and Sonogashira-Sonogashira One-Pot Syntheses. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9737-9750. [PMID: 32575986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two novel donor-acceptor cruciform topologies are efficiently synthesized by site-selective Suzuki-Suzuki and Sonogashira-Sonogashira multicomponent reactions starting from a bromo-triflato-functionalized psoralen scaffold. In addition to tunability of photophysical properties, such as absorption and emission, many derivatives possess partially high relative fluorescence quantum yields in solution and fluoresce strongly in the solid state. Additionally, the promising compounds show solvatochromism and acidochromic effects. In addition, 8-p-anisyl-5-p-cyanophenyl-substituted psoralen exhibits aggregation-induced emission properties. Experimentally (applying the Lippert-Mataga model) and computationally (TD-DFT calculations), the pronounced charge transfer character of the longest wavelength absorption band was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Geenen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torben Schumann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Zhang YH, Li X, Huang L, Kim HS, An J, Lan M, Cao QY, Kim JS. AIE based GSH activatable photosensitizer for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10317-10320. [PMID: 32760939 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel ferrocene decorated vinyl pyridinium-substituted tetraphenylethylene (TPEPY-S-Fc) linked by a disulfide bond was designed as a GSH activatable photosensitizer by aggregation-induced emission for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
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15
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Li S, Shan X, Wang Y, Chen Q, Sun J, He Z, Sun B, Luo C. Dimeric prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2020; 326:510-522. [PMID: 32721523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of conjugation chemistry and biomedical nanotechnology, prodrug-based nanosystems (PNS) have emerged as promising drug delivery nanoplatforms. Dimeric prodrug, as an emerging branch of prodrug, has been widely investigated by covalently conjugating two same or different drug molecules. In recent years, great progress has been made in dimeric prodrug-based nanosystems (DPNS) for cancer therapy. Many advantages offered by DPNS have significantly facilitated the delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs, such as high drug loading capacity, favorable pharmacokinetics, tumor stimuli-sensitive drug release and facile combination theranostics. Given the rapid developments in this field, we here outline the latest updates of DPNS in cancer treatment, focusing on dimeric prodrug-encapsulated nanosystems, dimeric prodrug-nanoassemblies and tumor stimuli-responsive DPNS. Moreover, the design principle, advantages and challenges of DPNS for clinical cancer therapy are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xinzhu Shan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuequan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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16
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Liu J, Cao C. Evaluation of a GSH-targeting prodrug via a sulfonamide-induced "integrative" platform for selective cancer therapy. Analyst 2020; 145:4901-4905. [PMID: 32478783 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sulfonamide-appended gemcitabine prodrug was newly produced. The prodrug was shown to efficiently distinguish GSH from cysteine and homocysteine. Upon reaction of this prodrug with GSH, which is relatively abundant in tumor cells, sulfonyl group cleavage occurred as well as active release of the drug GMC and a concomitant increase in the innate fluorescence intensity. As a proof of concept, colocalization experiments were carried out; these experiments demonstrated that the probe LHX resulted in, via receptor-mediated endocytosis, significantly improved therapeutic efficacy and few side effects. Thus, these results indicated the theranostic agent to be a promising "integrative" platform for efficient cancer therapy. The agent can be activated in real time, and not only be selectively monitored and localized by specific tumour cells, but also undergo cascaded cleavage to induce both a fluorogenic response and release of an active cytotoxic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Cao
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
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17
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A glutathione-responsive photosensitizer with fluorescence resonance energy transfer characteristics for imaging-guided targeting photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112203. [PMID: 32197150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have synthesized and characterized a novel activatable photosensitizer (PS) 8a in which two well-designed boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives are utilized as the photosensitizing fluorophore and quencher respectively, which are connected by a disulfide linker via two successive Cu (І) catalyzed click reactions. The fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen production of 8a are suppressed via intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the excited BODIPY-based PS part to quencher unit, but both of them can be simultaneously switched on by cancer-related biothiol glutathione (GSH) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution with 0.05% Tween 80 as a result of cleavage of disulfide. Also, 8a exhibits a bright fluorescence image and a substantial ROS production in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma, HeLa human cervical carcinoma and H22 mouse hepatoma cells having a relatively high concentration of GSH, thereby leading to a significant photocytotoxicity, with IC50 values as low as 0.44 μM, 0.67 μM and 0.48 μM, respectively. In addition, the photosensitizer can be effectively activated and imaged in H22 transplanted hepatoma tumors of mice and shows a strong inhibition on tumor growth. All these results suggest that such a GSH-responsive photosensitizer based on FRET mechanism may provide a new strategy for tumor-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided cancer therapy.
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18
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Odyniec ML, Han HH, Gardiner JE, Sedgwick AC, He XP, Bull SD, James TD. Peroxynitrite Activated Drug Conjugate Systems Based on a Coumarin Scaffold Toward the Application of Theranostics. Front Chem 2019; 7:775. [PMID: 31867305 PMCID: PMC6906548 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel drug-conjugates based on a “coumarin linker” have been designed for the synergic release of a therapeutic agent and fluorescent probe for the potential application of theranostics. The drug conjugates; CC-RNS and CI-RNS were designed to be activated by reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The fluorescence OFF-ON response was triggered by the peroxynitrite-mediated transformation of a boronic acid pinacol ester to a phenol moiety with simultaneous release of the therapeutic agents (Confirmed by HRMS). The limit of detection for peroxynitrite using CC-RNS and CI-RNS was 0.29 and 37.2 μM, respectively. Both CC-RNS and CI-RNS demonstrated the ability to visualize peroxynitrite production thus demonstrating the effectiveness of these probes for use as tools to monitor peroxynitrite-mediated drug release in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Odyniec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint, Research Center, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint, Research Center, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven D Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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19
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Chen J, Wang Z, She M, Liu M, Zhao Z, Chen X, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. Precise Synthesis of GSH-Specific Fluorescent Probe for Hepatotoxicity Assessment Guided by Theoretical Calculation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32605-32612. [PMID: 31423764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is the main cause of acute liver injury, and its early diagnosis is indispensable in pharmacological and pathological studies. As a hepatotoxicity indicator, the GSH distribution in the liver could reflect the damage degree in situ. In this work, we have provided a theoretical design strategy to determine the generation of photo-induced electron transfer mechanism and achieve high selectivity for the target. After that, we precisely synthesized a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe BSR1 to specifically monitor endogenous GSH and hepatotoxicity in biosystem with a moderate fluorescent quantum yield (Φ = 0.394) and low detection limit (83 nM) under this strategy. Moreover, this mapping method for imaging GSH depletion in vivo to assay hepatotoxicity may provide a powerful molecular tool for early diagnosis of some diseases and contribute to assay hepatotoxicity for the development of new drugs. Importantly, this theoretical calculation-guided design strategy may provide an effective way for the precise synthesis of the target-specific fluorescent probe and change this research area from "trial-and-error" to concrete molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Zesi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Zebin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
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20
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Qu J, Xia Q, Ji W, Jing S, Zhu D, Li L, Huang L, An Z, Xin C, Ni Y, Li M, Jia J, Song Y, Huang W. A ferrocene∩europium assembly showing phototriggered anticancer activity and fluorescent modality imaging. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1479-1487. [PMID: 29309070 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two macrocyclic ferrocenophanes containing a coumarin fluorophore, Se2N[7]ferrocenophane (fc1), and Se4N2[7,7]ferrocenophane (fc2), construct an assembly of fc1-H+ClO4[Eu(C10H21COO)2(H2O)2(ClO4)] (fc1∩Eu) and fc2-2H+{ClO4[Eu(C10H21COO)2(H2O)2(ClO4)]}2 (fc2∩Eu) via a N-HO hydrogen bond and a coordinate bond between EuIII and ClO4-. In fc1∩Eu, UV light irradiation triggers non-covalent bond cleavage to release a ferrocenium and EuII complex, accompanying chromism and luminescence signals. Investigations through the steady-state UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, femtosecond transient absorption spectra and electrochemical characterization elucidate a stepwise mechanism: firstly, an effective electron transfer occurs from a ferrocene unit to the singlet state of a coumarin unit; the following proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reduces EuIII and results in a non-covalent interaction cleavage. Further in vitro exploration of fc1∩Eu in HepG2 cells demonstrated phototriggered integrated cell cytotoxicity and fluorescent modality imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
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