Synthesis of orthogonal push-pull chromophores via click reaction of arylynamines

Herein, we report a catalyst-free 'click' reaction: metal-free [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retro-electrocyclisation (CA-RE) of arylynamines with the sluggish acceptor tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to provide orthogonal electron-push-pull light-harvesting small molecules: N-heterocyclic dicyanoquinodimethane-substituted methylene malononitriles. Ynamines are reactive alkynes and tend to induce over-reactions with the CA-RE adducts. The reactivity of arylynamines was balanced properly by ensuring the electron-density of the nitrogen atom was delocalised more over the aromatic rings than the triple bond.

Tetracyanobutadienyl-based Nonlinear Optical Dendronized Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesized via Facile [2+2] Cycloaddition Polymer Postfunctionalization

Dendronized hyperbranched polymers (DHPs) can provide advantages of both hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, making them promising structure platform for high performance second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, we report a new A₃ +B₂ -type DHP (HP2) through facile and efficient [2+2] cycloaddition polymer postfunctionalization, in which tetracyanobutadienyl-based moieties are introduced as the main chromophores while isophorone-bridged moieties serve as the isolation chromophores. Benefiting from this unique hyperbranched structure design, the measured d₃₃ value of HP2 can reach up to 96.6 pm/V with high thermal stability, making it a good material candidate for second-order NLO applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Defect-rich CeO2 in a hollow carbon matrix engineered from a microporous organic platform: a hydroxide-assisted high performance pseudocapacitive material

A microporous organic polymer (MOP) was utilized for the engineering of nanoparticulate CeO₂ in a hollow carbon matrix (H-C/CeO₂). After CeO₂ nanoparticles were incorporated into a hollow MOP platform (H-MOP) through the decomposition of cerium acetate, successive carbonization produced H-C/CeO₂. The redox feature of defective CeO₂ in a conductive carbon matrix induced promising pseudocapacitive behavior. In particular, the H-C/CeO₂ showed excellent electrochemical performance in an alkaline electrolyte (KOH), due to the hydroxide ion-assisted redox behavior of defective CeO₂. H-C/CeO₂-3 with an optimized amount of CeO₂ showed specific capacitances of up to 527 (@0.5 A g^-1) and 493 F g^-1 (@1 A g^-1). Even at high current densities of 10 and 20 A g^-1, the H-C/CeO₂-3 maintained high capacitances of 458 and 440 F g^-1, respectively. After 10 000 cycling tests, the H-C/CeO₂-3 retained the 94-95% capacitance of the first cycle.

Nanoparticulate Conjugated Microporous Polymer with Post-Modified Benzils for Enhanced Pseudocapacitor Performance

Conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)-based energy-storage materials were developed for pseudocapacitors. Nanoparticulate CMP (N-CMP) with an average diameter of 41±4 nm was prepared through kinetic growth control in the Sonogashira coupling of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene with 1,4-diiodobenzene. The N-CMP is rich in a diphenylacetylene moiety in its chemical structure. Through the FeCl₃ -catalyzed oxidation of diphenylacetylene moieties, N-CMP with benzil moieties (N-CMP-BZ) was prepared and showed enhanced electrochemical performance as an electrode material of pseudocapacitors, compared with CMP, CMP-BZ, and N-CMP. In model studies, the benzil was redox active and showed two-electron reduction behavior. The excellent electrochemical performance of N-CMP-BZ is attributable to the enhanced utilization of functional sites by a nanosize effect and the additional redox contribution of benzil moieties.

Fe3O4@Void@Microporous Organic Polymer-Based Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems: Targeting, Imaging, and Magneto-Thermal Behaviors

Multifunctional drug delivery systems were designed and engineered by template synthesis of a microporous organic polymer (MOP) and by postsynthetic modification. Hollow MOP spheres bearing Fe₃O₄ yolks (Fe₃O₄@Void@MOP) were prepared by the synthesis of MOP on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles and by successive silica etching. In addition to the magneto-thermal function of Fe₃O₄ yolks, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature was incorporated into the Fe₃O₄@Void@MOP through a homocoupling of tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)ethylene to form Fe₃O₄@Void@MOP-TE. Folate groups were further introduced into Fe₃O₄@Void@MOP-TE through the postsynthetic modification based on the thiol-yne click reaction. The resultant Fe₃O₄@Void@MOP-TE-FA showed multifunctionality in antitumoral therapy via folate receptor targeting, doxorubicin delivery, AIE-based imaging, and the magneto-thermal feature.

AB2 polymerization on hollow microporous organic polymers: engineering of solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of soluble cellulose derivatives

New post-synthetic functionalization of hollow microporous organic polymers was developed based on AB₂ polymerization and thiol–yne click reaction.

A TCBD-based AB2-type second-order nonlinear optical hyperbranched polymer prepared by a facile click-type postfunctionalization

A double click-type postfunctionalization strategy was successfully designed to prepare an AB₂-type hyperbranched polymer containing highly polarizable tetracyanobutadienyl (TCBD)-based nonlinear optical chromophores.

Hollow porous organic nanospheres for anchoring Pd(PPh3)4 through a co-hyper-crosslinking mediated self-assembly strategy

A facile synthesis of Pd(PPh₃)₄-functionalized hollow porous organic nanospheres with excellent catalytic activity is reported for the first time.

Nanoparticulate and microporous solid acid catalysts bearing aliphatic sulfonic acids for biomass conversion

This work introduces new nanocatalytic systems based on microporous organic network (MON) chemistry for fructose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The efficiency of the catalytic systems could be improved through the size-controlled synthesis of MON materials. Through a predesigned building block approach and a post-synthetic modification, aliphatic sulfonic acid groups were incorporated into nano-sized MON materials to form N-MON-AS. The N-MON-AS showed selective conversion of fructose to HMF in up to 91% yield at 100 °C and good recyclability.

Synthesis of carbazole-based microporous polymer networks via an oxidative coupling mediated self-assembly strategy: from morphology regulation to application analysis

An efficient strategy to prepare morphology-tunable carbazole-based microporous polymer networks (C-MPNs) via an oxidative coupling mediated self-assembly strategy is reported for the first time.

Skeleton Carbonylation of Conjugated Microporous Polymers by Osmium Catalysis for Amine-Rich Functionalization

This work introduces a new efficient method for the postsynthetic modification of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). Osmium catalysis of hollow CMP (H-CMP) in the presence of NaClO₃ resulted in the conversion of alkynes in the skeleton of CMPs to dicarbonyl groups to form H-CMP-DC. Through controlling the reaction time, the carbonylation degree of H-CMP could be managed, maintaining hollow morphology. We verified the benefits of carbonyl groups in H-CMP-DC in the removal of Cr(VI) from water. Imination of H-CMP-DC resulted in amine-rich H-CMP (H-CMP-A), which showed enhanced adsorption performance toward Cr(VI) in water with q_max up to 73 mg/g, compared with the H-CMP and H-CMP-DC. The H-CMP-A could be recycled at least five times, maintaining its original adsorption ability.

Preparation of multifunctional hollow microporous organic nanospheres via a one-pot hyper-cross-linking mediated self-assembly strategy

Multifunctional hollow microporous organic nanospheres (HMONs) were successfully synthesized via a one-pot hyper-cross-linking mediated self-assembly strategy.

Folate decorated hollow spheres of microporous organic networks as drug delivery materials

Hollow and microporous organic networks post-modified with folic acids showed promising potential as DOX delivery materials.