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McKenzie T, Ayres N. Synthesis and Applications of Elastomeric Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20178-20195. [PMID: 37323392 PMCID: PMC10268022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer foams (PFs) are among the most industrially produced polymeric materials, and they are found in applications including aerospace, packaging, textiles, and biomaterials. PFs are predominantly prepared using gas-blowing techniques, but PFs can also be prepared from templating techniques such as polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs). PolyHIPEs have many experimental design variables which control the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the resulting PFs. Both rigid and elastic polyHIPEs can be prepared, but while elastomeric polyHIPEs are less commonly reported than hard polyHIPEs, elastomeric polyHIPEs are instrumental in the realization of new materials in applications including flexible separation membranes, energy storage in soft robotics, and 3D-printed soft tissue engineering scaffolds. Furthermore, there are few limitations to the types of polymers and polymerization methods that have been used to prepare elastic polyHIPEs due to the wide range of polymerization conditions that are compatible with the polyHIPE method. In this review, an overview of the chemistry used to prepare elastic polyHIPEs from early reports to modern polymerization methods is provided, focusing on the applications that flexible polyHIPEs are used in. The review consists of four sections organized around polymer classes used in the preparation of polyHIPEs: (meth)acrylics and (meth)acrylamides, silicones, polyesters and polyurethanes, and naturally occurring polymers. Within each section, the common properties, current challenges, and an outlook is suggested on where elastomeric polyHIPEs can be expected to continue to make broad, positive impacts on materials and technology for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Ayres
- N.A.:
email, ; tel, +01 513 556 9280; fax, +01 513 556 9239
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2
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Pervez M, Pearce AK, Husband JT, Male L, Torrent‐Sucarrat M, O'Reilly RK. Enhancing Dual-State Emission in Maleimide Fluorophores through Fluorocarbon Functionalisation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201877. [PMID: 35857384 PMCID: PMC9804613 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a library of trifluoroethyl substituted aminomaleimide derivatives are reported with small size and enhanced emissions in both solution and solid-state. A diCH2 CF3 substituted aminochloromaleimide exhibits the most efficient dual-state emission (Φf >50 % in solution and solid-state), with reduced quenching from protic solvents. This is attributed to the reduction of electron density on the maleimide ring and suppressed π-π stacking in the solid-state. This mechanism was explored in-depth by crystallographic analysis, and modelling of the electronic distribution of HOMO-LUMO isosurfaces and NCI plots. Hence, these dual-state dyes overcome the limitations of single-state luminescence and will serve as an important step forward for this rapidly developing nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pervez
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda K. Pearce
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan T. Husband
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Miquel Torrent‐Sucarrat
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3Donostia20018Spain,IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi, 5Bilbao48009Spain
| | - Rachel K. O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
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3
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Aljuaid M, Liarou E, Town J, Baker JR, Haddleton DM, Wilson P. Synthesis and [2+2]-photodimerisation of monothiomaleimide functionalised linear and brush-like polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9545-9548. [PMID: 32691028 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[2+2]-Photodimerisation of monothiomaleimides has been demonstrated on functionalised linear and brush-like polymers. In water/acetonitrile (95 : 5) mixtures the rate of reaction is accelerated significantly by irradiation of the thiomaleimide end group (λmax = 350 nm) with UV light, reaching full conversion within 10 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aljuaid
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Library Road, Coventry, UK. and Taif University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Turabah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evelina Liarou
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Library Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - James Town
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Library Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - James R Baker
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon St, London, UK
| | - David M Haddleton
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Library Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - Paul Wilson
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Library Road, Coventry, UK.
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Kumar R, Rajpoot A, Roy A, Shunmugam R. Engineering biodegradable polymeric network for the efficient removal of organo‐amphiphilic toxicants. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER K)Polymer Research Centre (PRC), Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Mohanpur West Bengal India
| | - Anubhav Rajpoot
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER K)Polymer Research Centre (PRC), Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Mohanpur West Bengal India
| | - Amritangshu Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER K)Polymer Research Centre (PRC), Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Mohanpur West Bengal India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER K)Polymer Research Centre (PRC), Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Mohanpur West Bengal India
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Atkins CJ, Seow DK, Burns G, Town JS, Hand RA, Lester DW, Cameron NR, Haddleton DM, Eissa AM. Branched macromonomers from catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) as precursors for emulsion-templated porous polymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) is combined for the first time with emulsion-templating to generate polyHIPE materials where functionality and rigidity can be tightly tailored, broadening their scope of application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David K. Seow
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Gerard Burns
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - James S. Town
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | - Daniel W. Lester
- Polymer Characterisation Research Technology Platform
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- School of Engineering
| | | | - Ahmed M. Eissa
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Department of Polymers
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Rasines Mazo A, Tran TN, Zhang W, Meng Y, Reyhani A, Pascual S, Fontaine L, Qiao GG, Piogé S. Blue LED light-activated RAFT polymerization of PEG acrylate with high chain-end fidelity for efficient PEGylation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined PPEGAs with high chain-end fidelity are synthesized through blue LED light-initiated RAFT, with their efficient PEGylation potential highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- The University of Melbourne
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Parkville 3010
- Australia
| | - Thi Nga Tran
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Yuwen Meng
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group
- The University of Melbourne
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Parkville 3010
- Australia
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- The University of Melbourne
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Parkville 3010
- Australia
| | - Sandie Piogé
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
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Severn CE, Eissa AM, Langford CR, Parker A, Walker M, Dobbe JGG, Streekstra GJ, Cameron NR, Toye AM. Ex vivo culture of adult CD34 + stem cells using functional highly porous polymer scaffolds to establish biomimicry of the bone marrow niche. Biomaterials 2019; 225:119533. [PMID: 31610389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis, the process of blood production, occurs from a tiny contingent of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in highly specialised three-dimensional niches located within the bone marrow. When haematopoiesis is replicated using in vitro two-dimensional culture, HSCs rapidly differentiate, limiting self-renewal. Emulsion-templated highly porous polyHIPE foam scaffolds were chosen to mimic the honeycomb architecture of human bone. The unmodified polyHIPE material supports haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) culture, with successful culture of erythroid progenitors and neutrophils within the scaffolds. Using erythroid culture methodology, the CD34+ population was maintained for 28 days with continual release of erythroid progenitors. These cells are shown to spontaneously repopulate the scaffolds, and the accumulated egress can be expanded and grown at large scale to reticulocytes. We next show that the polyHIPE scaffolds can be successfully functionalised using activated BM(PEG)2 (1,8-bismaleimido-diethyleneglycol) and then a Jagged-1 peptide attached in an attempt to facilitate notch signalling. Although Jagged-1 peptide had no detectable effect, the BM(PEG)2 alone significantly increased cell egress when compared to controls, without depleting the scaffold population. This work highlights polyHIPE as a novel functionalisable material for mimicking the bone marrow, and also that PEG can influence HSPC behaviour within scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Severn
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, UK
| | - A M Eissa
- Department of Polymers, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Cairo, Egypt; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - C R Langford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Parker
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - M Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - J G G Dobbe
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G J Streekstra
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N R Cameron
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Toye
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, UK.
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Zhang H, Zhao R, Pan M, Deng J, Wu Y. Biobased, Porous Poly(high internal phase emulsions): Prepared from Biomass-Derived Vanillin and Laurinol and Applied as an Oil Adsorbent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Richardson SA, Rawlings TM, Muter J, Walker M, Brosens JJ, Cameron NR, Eissa AM. Covalent Attachment of Fibronectin onto Emulsion-Templated Porous Polymer Scaffolds Enhances Human Endometrial Stromal Cell Adhesion, Infiltration, and Function. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800351. [PMID: 30548765 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the surface functionalization of emulsion-templated highly porous (polyHIPE) materials as well as its application to in vitro 3D cell culture is presented. A heterobifunctional linker that consists of an amine-reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and a photoactivatable nitrophenyl azide, N-sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate (sulfo-SANPAH), is utilized to functionalize polyHIPE surfaces. The ability to conjugate a range of compounds (6-aminofluorescein, heptafluorobutylamine, poly(ethylene glycol) bis-amine, and fibronectin) to the polyHIPE surface is demonstrated using fluorescence imaging, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared to other existing surface functionalization methods for polyHIPE materials, this approach is facile, efficient, versatile, and benign. It can also be used to attach biomolecules to polyHIPE surfaces including cell adhesion-promoting extracellular matrix proteins. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that the fibronectin-conjugated polyHIPE scaffolds improve the adhesion and function of primary human endometrial stromal cells. It is believed that this approach can be employed to produce the next generation of polyHIPE scaffolds with tailored surface functionality, enhancing their application in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering whilst broadening the scope of applications to a wider range of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Richardson
- S. A. Richardson, Dr. A. M. Eissa, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thomas M Rawlings
- T. M. Rawlings, Dr. J. Muter, Prof. J. J. Brosens, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Reproductive Health Unit, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick and Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Joanne Muter
- T. M. Rawlings, Dr. J. Muter, Prof. J. J. Brosens, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Reproductive Health Unit, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick and Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Marc Walker
- Dr. M. Walker, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- T. M. Rawlings, Dr. J. Muter, Prof. J. J. Brosens, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Reproductive Health Unit, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick and Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Prof. N. R. Cameron, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia.,Dr. A. M. Eissa, Prof. N. R. Cameron, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ahmed M Eissa
- S. A. Richardson, Dr. A. M. Eissa, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Dr. A. M. Eissa, Prof. N. R. Cameron, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Dr. A. M. Eissa, Department of Polymers, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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