1
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Yang X, Xu L, Fang D, Zhang A, Xiao C. Progress in phenanthroline-derived extractants for trivalent actinides and lanthanides separation: where to next? Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39235311 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) released from reactors possesses significant radioactivity, heat release properties, and high-value radioactive nuclides. Therefore, using chemical methods for reprocessing can enhance economic efficiency and reduce the potential environmental risks of nuclear energy. Due to the presence of relatively diffuse f-electrons, the chemical properties of trivalent lanthanides (Ln(III)) and actinides (An(III)) in SNF solutions are quite similar. Separation methods have several limitations, including poor separation efficiency and the need for multiple stripping agents. The use of novel multi-dental phenanthroline-derived extractants with nitrogen donor atoms to effectively separate An(III) over Ln(III) has been widely accepted. This review first introduces the development history of phenanthroline-derived extractants for extraction and complexation with An(III) over Ln(III). Then, based on structural differences, these extractants are classified into four categories: nitrogen-coordinated, N,O-hybrid coordinated, highly preorganized structure, and unsymmetric structure. Each category's design principles, extraction, and separation performance as well as their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, we have summarized and compared the unique characteristics of the existing extractants and provided an outlook. This work may offer a reliable reference for the precise identification and selective separation between An(III) and Ln(III), and point the way for future development and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong Fang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Anyun Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chengliang Xiao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
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2
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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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3
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Wang H, Gao P, Cui T, Wang D, Liu J, He H, Chen Z, Jin Q, Guo Z. New asymmetric tetradentate phenanthroline chelators with pyrazole and amide groups for complexation and solvent extraction of Ln(III)/Am(III). Dalton Trans 2024; 53:601-611. [PMID: 38063670 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To tune the complexation and solvent extraction performance of the ligands with a 1,10-phenanthroline core for trivalent actinides (An3+) and lanthanides (Ln3+), we synthesized two new asymmetric tetradentate ligands with pyrazole and amide groups, i.e., L1 (N,N-diethyl-9-(5-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2-carboxamide) and its analogue L2 with longer alkyl chains (N,N-dihexyl). The complexation of the ligands with Ln3+ was confirmed by 1H NMR titration and X-ray crystallography, and stability constants were measured in methanol by spectrophotometric titration. The asymmetric ligands exhibited an improved performance in terms of selective solvent extraction of Am3+ over Eu3+ in strongly acidic solutions compared to their symmetric analogues. The improved selectivity of the asymmetric ligands was interpreted theoretically by density functional theory simulations. This study implies that combining different functional groups to construct asymmetric ligands may be an efficient way to tune ligand performance with regard to An3+ separation from Ln3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Rare Isotopes; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Pengyuan Gao
- Frontier Science Center for Rare Isotopes; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Tengfei Cui
- Frontier Science Center for Rare Isotopes; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Radiochemistry Department, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Hui He
- Radiochemistry Department, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Zongyuan Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Rare Isotopes; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qiang Jin
- Frontier Science Center for Rare Isotopes; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Frontier Science Center for Rare Isotopes; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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4
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Fukasawa Y, Nakashima S. Investigation of enhanced Am selectivity for Eu in solvent extraction using a BTPhen ligand substituted with halogen. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2476-2482. [PMID: 36741186 PMCID: PMC9841579 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of bromine (Br) on the separation of Am/Eu using BTPhen was investigated using DFT calculations. The simulated results agreed well with the reported experimental result of Br substitution. It is concluded that the contribution of the d orbital becomes less important by increasing the number of Br atoms, that is, the relative contribution of the f orbital becomes important. The Am f orbital contributed to both bonding and antibonding interactions with the ligand, whereas the Eu f orbital contributed to the antibonding interaction with the ligand. To study the halogen effect systematically, we introduced a series of new halogen atoms (chlorine, fluorine, iodine) into BTPhen. When the electronegativity of the halogen atom increases, the ΔG for complex formation shifts to the positive direction, and the ΔΔG which shows the difference in ΔG between Am and Eu becomes a large negative value, suggesting that the Am selectivity is larger. This is due to the increased Δρ BCP (= ρ BCP(Am) - ρ BCP(Eu)) between the metal and the ligating nitrogen atom with an increase of electronegativity of the halogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Fukasawa
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Satoru Nakashima
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University 1-4-2 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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5
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Ogbu IM, Kurtay G, Robert F, Landais Y. Oxamic acids: useful precursors of carbamoyl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7593-7607. [PMID: 35735051 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review article describes the recent development in the chemistry of carbamoyl radicals generated from oxamic acids. This mild and efficient method compares well with previous methods of generation of these nucleophilic radicals. The oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids can be mediated through thermal, photochemical, electrochemical or photoelectrochemical means, generating carbamoyl radicals, which may further add to unsaturated systems to provide a broad range of important amides. Oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids also offers a straightforward entry for the preparation of urethanes, ureas, and thioureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Martin Ogbu
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France. .,Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Gülbin Kurtay
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France. .,University of Ankara, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Frédéric Robert
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France.
| | - Yannick Landais
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France.
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6
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Mooney DT, Donkin BDT, Demirel N, Moore PR, Lee AL. Direct C-H Functionalization of Phenanthrolines: Metal- and Light-Free Dicarbamoylations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17282-17293. [PMID: 34792370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A direct method for C-H dicarbamoylations of phenanthrolines has been developed, which is capable of directly installing primary, secondary as well as tertiary amides. This is a significant improvement on the previous direct method, which was limited to primary amides. The metal-, light-, and catalyst-free Minisci-type reaction is cheap, operationally simple, and scalable. We demonstrate that the step efficiency toward dicarbamoylated phenanthroline targets can now be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Mooney
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Benjamin D T Donkin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Nemrud Demirel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Peter R Moore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, U.K
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7
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Geist A, Panak PJ. Recent Progress in Trivalent Actinide and Lanthanide Solvent Extraction and Coordination Chemistry with Triazinylpyridine N Donor Ligands. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2020.1831235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geist
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Petra J. Panak
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut (PCI), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Yuan JW, Chen Q, Li C, Zhu JL, Yang LR, Zhang SR, Mao P, Xiao YM, Qu LB. Silver-catalyzed direct C-H oxidative carbamoylation of quinolines with oxamic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2747-2757. [PMID: 32227021 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed efficient and direct C-H carbamoylation of quinolines with oxamic acids to access carbamoylated quinolines has been developed through oxidative decarboxylation reaction. The reaction proceeds smoothly over a broad range of substrates with excellent functional group tolerance and excellent yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology; Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology; Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology; Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jun-Liang Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology; Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Liang-Ru Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology; Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications; Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Pu Mao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology; Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yong-Mei Xiao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology; Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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9
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Wantulok J, Degano I, Gal M, Nycz JE, Sokolova R. IR spectroelectrochemistry as efficient technique for elucidation of reduction mechanism of chlorine substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Nycz JE, Wantulok J, Sokolova R, Pajchel L, Stankevič M, Szala M, Malecki JG, Swoboda D. Synthesis and Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of 4,7-diamino-1,10-phenanthrolines and Their Precursors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224102. [PMID: 31766294 PMCID: PMC6891714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches to the synthesis of 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthrolines and their corresponding 9H-carbazol-9-yl-, 10H-phenothiazin-10-yl- and pyrrolidin-1-yl derivatives were developed. Their properties have been characterized by a combination of several techniques: MS, HRMS, GC-MS, electronic absorption spectroscopy and multinuclear NMR in both solution and solid state including 15N CP/MAS NMR. The structures of 5-fluoro-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-di(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (5d), 4,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9-oxo-9,10-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline-5-carbonitrile (6a) and 4,7-di(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline-5-carbonitrile (6b) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The nucleophilic substitutions of hydrogen followed by oxidation produced compounds 6a and 6b. The electrochemical properties of selected 1,10-phenanthrolines were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and compared with commercially available reference 1,10-phenanthrolin-5-amine (5l). The spatial distribution of frontier molecular orbitals of the selected compounds has been calculated by density functional theory (DFT). It was shown that potentials of reduction and oxidation were in consistence with the level of HOMO and LUMO energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek E. Nycz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-359-1446
| | - Jakub Wantulok
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Romana Sokolova
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukasz Pajchel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Stankevič
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University, 33 Gliniana St, PL-20614 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniel Swoboda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
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11
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Zaytsev AV, Bulmer R, Kozhevnikov VN, Sims M, Modolo G, Wilden A, Waddell PG, Geist A, Panak PJ, Wessling P, Lewis FW. Exploring the Subtle Effect of Aliphatic Ring Size on Minor Actinide-Extraction Properties and Metal Ion Speciation in Bis-1,2,4-Triazine Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 26:428-437. [PMID: 31489718 PMCID: PMC7027750 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of three novel bis-1,2,4-triazine ligands containing five-membered aliphatic rings are reported. Compared to the more hydrophobic ligands 1-3 containing six-membered aliphatic rings, the distribution ratios for relevant f-block metal ions were approximately one order of magnitude lower in each case. Ligand 10 showed an efficient, selective and rapid separation of AmIII and CmIII from nitric acid. The speciation of the ligands with trivalent f-block metal ions was probed using NMR titrations and competition experiments, time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. While the tetradentate ligands 8 and 10 formed LnIII complexes of the same stoichiometry as their more hydrophobic analogues 2 and 3, significant differences in speciation were observed between the two classes of ligand, with a lower percentage of the extracted 1:2 complexes being formed for ligands 8 and 10. The structures of the solid state 1:1 and 1:2 complexes formed by 8 and 10 with YIII , LuIII and PrIII are very similar to those formed by 2 and 3 with LnIII . Ligand 10 forms CmIII and EuIII 1:2 complexes that are thermodynamically less stable than those formed by ligand 3, suggesting that less hydrophobic ligands form less stable AnIII complexes. Thus, it has been shown for the first time how tuning the cyclic aliphatic part of these ligands leads to subtle changes in their metal ion speciation, complex stability and metal extraction affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Zaytsev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Rachel Bulmer
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Mark Sims
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Giuseppe Modolo
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung und Reaktorsicherheit (IEK-6), 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wilden
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung-Nukleare Entsorgung und Reaktorsicherheit (IEK-6), 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Paul G Waddell
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Kings Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Andreas Geist
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Petra J Panak
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrik Wessling
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank W Lewis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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12
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Shah SN, Shah AH, Dou X, Khan M, Lin L, Lin JM. Radical-Triggered Chemiluminescence of Phenanthroline Derivatives: An Insight into Radical-Aromatic Interaction. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15004-15011. [PMID: 31552342 PMCID: PMC6751721 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto unknown influence of 1,10-phenonthroline (1,10-phen) and its derivatives on the weak chemiluminescence (CL) of periodate-peroxide has been investigated, and a novel method for CL catalysis is described. Herein, we have deconvoluted the variation in CL intensity arising from the addition of various derivatives of 1,10-phen. Interestingly, similar derivatives of 1,10-phen show interesting differences in their reactivity toward CL. Electron-withdrawing substituents on 1,10-phen boosted the CL signals, indicating a negative charge buildup on 1,10-phen in the rate-determining step. The 1,10-phen derivatives having substitution at the C5=C6 position resulted in no CL signals due to the blockage of the reactive site. Mechanistic investigations are interpreted in terms of free radical (H2O2 reaction), followed by the oxygen atom transfer via an electrophilic attack of IO4 - (IO4 - reaction) on 1,10-phen resulting in dioxetane with enhanced CL emission. Additionally, the relationship between electronic structures and photophysical properties was investigated using density functional theory. Our results are expected to open up promising application of 1,10-phen as a molecular catalyst, providing a new strategy for metal-free catalytic CL enhancement reaction. We believe that this would foster in gleaning more detailed information on the nature of these reactions, thereby leading to a deeper understanding of the CL mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Niaz
Ali Shah
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology,
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aamir Hassan Shah
- The
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) of China, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Dou
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology,
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology,
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Lin
- The
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) of China, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology,
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Westwood MT, Lamb CJC, Sutherland DR, Lee AL. Metal-, Photocatalyst-, and Light-Free Direct C–H Acylation and Carbamoylation of Heterocycles. Org Lett 2019; 21:7119-7123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Westwood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
| | - Claire J. C. Lamb
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
| | - Daniel R. Sutherland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U. K
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Afsar A, Westwood J, Distler P, Harwood LM, Mohan S, John J, Davis FJ. Separation of Am(III), Cm(III) and Eu(III) by electro-spun polystyrene-immobilized CyMe4-BTPhen. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Klauck FJR, James MJ, Glorius F. Deaminative Strategy for the Visible-Light-Mediated Generation of Alkyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12336-12339. [PMID: 28762257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A deaminative strategy for the visible-light-mediated generation of alkyl radicals from redox-activated primary amine precursors is described. Abundant and inexpensive primary amine feedstocks, including amino acids, were converted in a single step into redox-active pyridinium salts and subsequently into alkyl radicals by reaction with an excited-state photocatalyst. The broad synthetic potential of this protocol was demonstrated by the alkylation of a number of heteroarenes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J R Klauck
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael J James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Klauck FJR, James MJ, Glorius F. Durch sichtbares Licht vermittelte Deaminierung zur Erzeugung von Alkylradikalen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. R. Klauck
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Michael J. James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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