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Reynes JF, Isoni V, García F. Tinkering with Mechanochemical Tools for Scale Up. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300819. [PMID: 37114517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry provides an environmentally benign platform to develop more sustainable chemical processes by limiting raw materials, energy use, and waste generation while using physically smaller equipment. A continuously growing research community has steadily showcased examples of beneficial mechanochemistry applications at both the laboratory and the preparative scale. In contrast to solution-based chemistry, mechanochemical processes have not yet been standardized, and thus scaling up is still a nascent discipline. The purpose of this Minireview is to highlight similarities, differences and challenges of the various approaches that have been successfully applied for a range of chemical applications at various scales. We hope to provide a discussion starting point for those interested in further developing mechanochemical processes for commercial use and/or industrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Reynes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Valerio Isoni
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Wohlgemuth M, Mayer M, Rappen M, Schmidt F, Saure R, Grätz S, Borchardt L. From Inert to Catalytically Active Milling Media: Galvanostatic Coating for Direct Mechanocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212694. [PMID: 36098910 PMCID: PMC9828539 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The inert milling balls, commonly utilized in mechanochemical reactions, were coated with a layer of Pd and utilized as catalyst in the direct mechanocatalytic Suzuki reaction. With high yields (>80 %), the milling balls can be recycled multiple times in the absence of any solvents, ligands, catalyst-molecules and -powders, while utilizing as little as 0.8 mg of Pd per coated milling ball. The coating sequence, the support material, and the layer thickness were examined towards archiving high catalyst retention, low abrasion and high conversion. The approach was transferred to the coating of milling vessels revealing the interplay between catalytically available surface area and the mechanical energy impact in direct mechanocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wohlgemuth
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Maike Mayer
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Marisol Rappen
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Roman Saure
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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Siddiqui S, Rather RA, Siddiqui ZN. Bovine serum albumin‐silica functionalized γ‐Fe
2
O
3
nanoparticles (BSA‐Si@Fe
2
O
3
): A highly efficient and magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted pyrrole derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Andreozzi P, Tamberi L, Tasca E, Giacomazzo GE, Martinez M, Severi M, Marradi M, Cicchi S, Moya S, Biagiotti G, Richichi B. The B & B approach: Ball-milling conjugation of dextran with phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized BODIPY. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2272-2281. [PMID: 32983271 PMCID: PMC7492696 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is an emerging and reliable alternative to conventional solution (batch) synthesis of complex molecules under green and solvent-free conditions. In this regard, we report here on the conjugation of a dextran polysaccharide with a fluorescent probe, a phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) applying the ball milling approach. The ball milling formation of boron esters between PBA BODIPY and dextran proved to be more efficient in terms of reaction time, amount of reactants, and labelling degree compared to the corresponding solution-based synthetic route. PBA-BODIPY dextran assembles into nanoparticles of around 200 nm by hydrophobic interactions. The resulting PBA-BODIPY dextran nanoparticles retain an apolar interior as proved by pyrene fluorescence, suitable for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs with high biocompatibility while remaining fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Andreozzi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Lorenza Tamberi
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Elisamaria Tasca
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
- Chemistry Department, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Elena Giacomazzo
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marta Martinez
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Sergio Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Giacomo Biagiotti
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Cajigas S, Orozco J. Nanobioconjugates for Signal Amplification in Electrochemical Biosensing. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153542. [PMID: 32756410 PMCID: PMC7436128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobioconjugates are hybrid materials that result from the coalescence of biomolecules and nanomaterials. They have emerged as a strategy to amplify the signal response in the biosensor field with the potential to enhance the sensitivity and detection limits of analytical assays. This critical review collects a myriad of strategies for the development of nanobioconjugates based on the conjugation of proteins, antibodies, carbohydrates, and DNA/RNA with noble metals, quantum dots, carbon- and magnetic-based nanomaterials, polymers, and complexes. It first discusses nanobioconjugates assembly and characterization to focus on the strategies to amplify a biorecognition event in biosensing, including molecular-, enzymatic-, and electroactive complex-based approaches. It provides some examples, current challenges, and future perspectives of nanobioconjugates for the amplification of signals in electrochemical biosensing.
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Leal-Rodríguez C, Rodríguez-Padrón D, Alothman ZA, Cano M, Giner-Casares JJ, Muñoz-Batista MJ, Osman SM, Luque R. Thermal and light irradiation effects on the electrocatalytic performance of hemoglobin modified Co 3O 4-g-C 3N 4 nanomaterials for the oxygen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8477-8484. [PMID: 32242199 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in the water splitting process and a high energy conversion efficiency is essential for the definitive advance of hydrogen-based technologies. Unfortunately, the green and sustainable development of electrocatalysts for water oxidation is nowadays a real challenge. Herein, a successful mechanochemical method is proposed for the synthesis of a novel hemoglobin (Hb) modified Co3O4/g-C3N4 composite nanomaterial. The controlled incorporation of cobalt entities as well as Hb functionalization, without affecting the g-C3N4 nanoarchitecture, was evaluated using different physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The beneficial effect of the resulting ternary bioconjugate together with the influence of the temperature and light irradiation was investigated by electrochemical analysis. At 60 °C and under light exposition, this electrocatalyst requires an overpotential of 370 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA·cm-2, showing a Tafel slope of 66 mV·dec-1 and outstanding long-term stability for 600 OER cycles. This work paves a way for the controlled fabrication of multidimensional and multifunctional bio-electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leal-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), N. IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Padrón D, Puente-Santiago AR, Cano M, Caballero A, Muñoz-Batista MJ, Luque R. Improving Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution of Ag@CN Nanocomposites by Synergistic Effects with α-Rich Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2207-2215. [PMID: 31851482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A graphitic carbon nitride nanostructure has been successfully functionalized by incorporation of different silver contents and subsequent modification with an α-rich protein, namely hemoglobin. Mechanochemistry has been employed, as an efficient and sustainable procedure, for the incorporation of the protein. A complete characterization analysis has been performed following a multitechnique approach. Particularly, XPS data exhibited considerable differences in the C 1s region for the Hb/xAg@CN, ensuring the successful protein anchorage on the surface of the graphitic carbon nitride-based materials. The as-synthesized nanomaterials delivered impressive performance toward hydrogen evolution reactions with an overpotential of 79 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for Hb/20Ag@CN nanohybrids, which is comparable with the most efficient HER electrocatalysts reported in the literature. The outstanding HER properties were associated with the unique synergistic interactions, quantitatively measured, between AgNPs, Hb tertiary architecture, and the graphitic carbon nitride networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daily Rodríguez-Padrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
| | - Alain R Puente-Santiago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at El Paso , 500 W. University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | | | | | - Mario J Muñoz-Batista
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Avda. Fuentenueva , s/n 18071 , Granada , Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str. , 117198 Moscow , Russia
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Mechanochemically Synthesized Supported Magnetic Fe-Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Efficient Vanillin Production. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetically separable nanocatalysts were synthesized by incorporating ironnanoparticles on a mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-SBA-15) through a mechanochemical grindingpathway in a single step. Noticeably, magnetic features were achieved by employing biomass wasteas a carbon source, which additionally may confer high oxygen functionalities to the resultingmaterial. The resulting catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry, andmagnetic susceptibility. The magnetic nanocatalysts were tested in the selective oxidative cleavagereaction of isoeugenol and vanillyl alcohol to vanillin. As a result, the magnetic nanocatalystsdemonstrated high catalytic activity, chemical stability, and enormous separation/reusabilityqualities. The origin of catalytic properties and its relationship with the iron oxide precursor wereanalyzed in terms of the chemical, morphological, and structural properties of the samples. Suchanalysis allows, thus, to highlight the superficial concentration of the iron entities and the interactionwith Al as key factors to obtain a good catalytic response.
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Liu R, Dai J, Ma L, Chen J, Shi X, Du Y, Li Z, Deng H. Low-temperature plasma treatment-assisted layer-by-layer self-assembly for the modification of nanofibrous mats. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 540:535-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rodríguez-Padrón D, Puente-Santiago AR, Caballero A, Balu AM, Romero AA, Luque R. Highly efficient direct oxygen electro-reduction by partially unfolded laccases immobilized on waste-derived magnetically separable nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3961-3968. [PMID: 29424377 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A biocatalytic system based on laccase functionalized waste-derived iron oxide nanoparticles (LAC-DA-Fe2O3) was designed by a mechanochemical approach and employed in the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. Full characterization of the obtained bioconjugates revealed that the protein adopted a partially unfolded state. The mentioned configuration, together with the geometry coordination changes along the T1 center can be further related to a high bioelectrocatalytic response. A current density up to 2.9 mA cm-2 has been achieved, which is among the highest values reported in literature for laccase functionalized nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daily Rodríguez-Padrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Grupo FQM-383, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Padrón D, Balu AM, Romero AA, Luque R. New bio-nanocomposites based on iron oxides and polysaccharides applied to oxidation and alkylation reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1982-1993. [PMID: 29062418 PMCID: PMC5629400 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural sources and iron precursors were applied to develop new bio-nanocomposites by mechanochemical milling processes. The proposed methodology was demonstrated to be advantageous in comparison with other protocols for the synthesis of iron oxide based nanostructures. Additionally, mechanochemistry has enormous potential from an environmental point-of-view since it is able to reduce solvent issues in chemical syntheses. The catalytic activity of the obtained nanocatalysts was investigated in both the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and in the alkylation of toluene with benzyl chloride. The microwave-assisted oxidation of benzyl alcohol reached 45% conversion after 10 min. The conversion of the alkylation of toluene in both microwave-assisted and conventional heating methods was higher than 99% after 3 min and 30 min, respectively. The transformation of benzyl alcohol and toluene into valuable product in both the oxidation and alkylation reaction reveals a potential method for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daily Rodríguez-Padrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Grupo FQM-383, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alina M Balu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Grupo FQM-383, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio A Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Grupo FQM-383, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Grupo FQM-383, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Cordoba, Spain
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