meso-to-meso 2,5-Pyrrolylene bridged zig-zag porphyrin arrays

Influence of solvent and axial coordination on self-assembly of a heteroditopic porphyrin derivative

A novel heteroditopic porphyrin and its zinc complex with four long aliphatic chains on the same side of the porphyrin ring were synthesized and used for controllable self-assembly. A variety of aggregation morphologies, including nanosheets, nanospheres, films, leaves, trunks, nanorods, and disks, were furnished by using different pyridyl ligands to coordinate with the Zn-porphyrin or selecting different solvents.

Rhodium-catalyzed annulation of pyrrole substituted BODIPYs with alkynes to access π-extended polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules and NIR absorption

A series of π-extended BODIPY derivatives fused with an indolizine scaffold were prepared smoothly via rhodium-catalyzed C–H functionalization/annulation. These fluorophores show significantly red-shifted absorption, reaching to the near infrared (NIR) region.

Two- and three-dimensional β,β′-N-heterocycle fused porphyrins: concise construction, singlet oxygen production and electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

A series of 2D and 3D porphyrins fused with N-heterocycles were prepared by palladium-catalyzed. Photophysical and electrochemical properties, 1O2 production and electrocatalytic HER behaviours of the representative porphyrins were investigated.

Pd-Catalyzed Cross Coupling Strategy for Functional Porphyrin Arrays

Porphyrin arrays are an important class of compounds to study interporphyrin electronic interactions that are crucial in determining the rates of energy transfer and electron transfer reactions. When the electronic interactions become stronger, porphyrin arrays exhibit significantly altered optical and electronic properties owing to large oscillator strength and flexible electronic nature of porphyrins. In addition, porphyrins accept various metal cation in their cavities and the interporphyrin interactions depend upon the coordinated metal. With these in the background, porphyrin arrays have been extensively explored as sensors, multielectron catalysts, photodynamic therapy reagents, artificial photosynthetic antenna, nonlinear optical materials, and so on. Here, we review the synthesis of porphyrin arrays by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which are quite effective to construct carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-nitrogen bonds in porphyrin substrates. Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions employed so far are Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, Sonogashira coupling reaction, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, Mizoroki-Heck reaction, Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling reaction, and so on. In each case, the representative examples and synthetic advantages are discussed.

Carbazole-containing porphyrinoid and its oligomers

A novel carbazole-containing porphyrinoid 4H and its oligomers 6H and 7H were synthesized for the first time via the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The structures of 4H, 4Pd, 6H, and 6Zn were finally confirmed by X-ray analysis. The exciton coupling strength (628 cm^-1) in 4Zn, 6Zn, and 7Zn was found to be larger than that of the directly-linked porphyrin arrays (570 cm^-1), extending their absorption spectra to the NIR region as well as enhancing the extinction coefficients.

A Convenient Synthesis of Pentaporphyrins and Supramolecular Complexes with a Fulleropyrrolidine

A simple and straightforward synthesis of diporphyrins and pentaporphyrins is reported here. The supramolecular interactions of the new porphyrin derivatives with C60 and PyC60 (a pyridyl [60]fulleropyrrolidine) were evaluated by absorption and fluorescence titrations in toluene. While no measurable modifications of the absorption and fluorescence spectra were observed upon addition of C60 to the porphyrin derivatives, the addition of PyC60 to the corresponding mono-Zn(II) porphyrins resulted in the formation of Zn(porphyrin)-PyC60 coordination complexes and the binding constants were calculated. Results show that the four free-base porphyrin units in pentaporphyrin 6 have a significant contribution in the stabilization of the 6-PyC60 complex. The crystal and molecular features of the pentaporphyrin Zn5 were unveiled using single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.