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Chowdhury D, Sutradhar R, Paul A, Mukherjee A. Insight into the MO tBu (M=Na, K)-Mediated Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine-Borane and Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary Amines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400942. [PMID: 38605476 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Selective synthesis of primary amines from nitriles is challenging in synthetic chemistry due to the possible en-route generation of various amines and imines. Herein, we report a practical and operationally simple MOtBu-mediated (M=Na, K) transfer hydrogenation of nitriles to the corresponding primary amines with a relatively unexplored sacrificial hydrogen source (dimethylamine borane). The strategy encompasses a broad substrate scope under transition metal-free conditions and does not require any solvent. The mechanistic investigation was performed with the aid of control experiments and spectroscopic studies. The GC analysis of the reaction mixture exhibited the evolution of the H2 gas. Additionally, detailed computational calculations were undertaken to shed light on the possible intermediates and transition states involved during the present protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg District, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 491002, India
| | - Rahul Sutradhar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of, Sciences 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ankan Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of, Sciences 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg District, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 491002, India
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2
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Chowdhury D, Goswami S, Krishna GR, Mukherjee A. Transfer semi-hydrogenation of terminal alkynes with a well-defined iron complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3484-3489. [PMID: 38312066 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03248e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a bis-iron(II) complex was accomplished upon treatment of a phosphine free NNN-pincer ligand (L) with FeCl2·4H2O under ambient conditions. The deep greenish colored iron(II) complex (Fe-1) was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study along with IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The Fe-1 complex was tested for the transfer semi-hydrogenation of terminal alkynes to the corresponding alkenes through the dehydrogenation of dimethyl amine-borane. This procedure enables the conversion of various structurally different terminal alkynes to alkenes under mild conditions. Control experiments were performed to shed light on the possible intermediates generated during the present protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India.
| | - Souvik Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India.
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India.
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3
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Obi AD, Frey NC, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Assisted Reversible Migratory Coupling of Aminoborane at Magnesium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211496. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu D. Obi
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University PO Box 9573 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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4
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Zhai S, Forsyth C, Liu Z, Vidović D. Synthesis of Mono- and Acyclic Bis-aminoboranes via Controlled Hydroboration of Imines. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhai
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
| | - Craig Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
| | - Zhizhou Liu
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Dragoslav Vidović
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
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5
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Obi A, Frey N, Dickie D, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Assisted Reversible Migratory Coupling of Aminoborane at Magnesium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Frey
- University of Virginia Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Robert J Gilliard
- University of Virginia Chemistry Department of Chemistry409 McCormick RdPO 400319 22904 Charlottesville UNITED STATES
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6
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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7
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Pal S, Iwasaki T, Nozaki K. Metal-ligand cooperative κ 1- N-pyrazolate Cp*Rh III-catalysts for dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane at room temperature. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7938-7943. [PMID: 34079977 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01705e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3,5-Dimethylpyrazole (Pz*H) in well-defined Cp*RhIII (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) complexes, or as an additive to [Cp*RhCl2]2 enhances catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane (DMAB) at room-temperature. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Lewis acidic RhIII-centre and dangling N-atom of the Pz* fragment operate cooperatively in accepting a hydride and proton from DMAB, respectively, leading directly to dimethylamino-borane and a RhIII-H complex. The rate limiting step involves protonation of the RhIII-H by the proximal NH fragment of the Pz*H moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinwantu Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal Mediation: Diversity of Applications in Main-Group Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9247-9262. [PMID: 33017511 PMCID: PMC8247348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium compounds have been at the forefront of synthetic chemistry for over a century, as they mediate the synthesis of myriads of compounds that are utilised worldwide in academic and industrial settings. For that reason, lithium has always been the most important alkali metal in organometallic chemistry. Today, that importance is being seriously challenged by sodium and potassium, as the alkali-metal mediation of organic reactions in general has started branching off in several new directions. Recent examples covering main-group homogeneous catalysis, stoichiometric organic synthesis, low-valent main-group metal chemistry, polymerization, and green chemistry are showcased in this Review. Since alkali-metal compounds are often not the end products of these applications, their roles are rarely given top billing. Thus, this Review has been written to alert the community to this rising unifying phenomenon of "alkali-metal mediation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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9
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkalimetall‐Mediatoren: Vielfältige Anwendungen in der metallorganischen Chemie der Hauptgruppenelemente. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
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10
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Nolla‐Saltiel R, Geer AM, Taylor LJ, Churchill O, Davies ES, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. Hydrophosphination of Activated Alkenes by a Cobalt(I) Pincer Complex. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Olivia Churchill
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of ChemistryThe University of Sydney F11, Eastern Ave Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Deborah L. Kays
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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12
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9120-9126. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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Kubono K, Matsumoto T, Taneda M. Crystal structure of 4-bromo- N-[(3,6-di- tert-butyl-9 H-carbazol-1-yl)methyl-idene]aniline. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1429-1431. [PMID: 31636970 PMCID: PMC6775744 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019012374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C27H29BrN2, the carbazole ring system is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0781 (16) Å. An intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. One of the tert-butyl substituents shows rotational disorder over two sites with occupancies of 0.592 (3) and 0.408 (3). In the crystal, two mol-ecules are associated into an inversion dimer through a pair of C-H⋯π inter-actions. The dimers are further linked by another pair of C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a ribbon along the c-axis direction. A C-H⋯π inter-action involving the minor disordered component and the carbazole ring system links the ribbons, generating a network sheet parallel to (100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubono
- Division of Natural Sciences, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsumoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Taneda
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
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Homo- and heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines mediated by alkali metal catalysts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2786. [PMID: 31243267 PMCID: PMC6594957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic chemistry that involves the activation and transformation of main group substrates is relatively undeveloped and current examples are generally mediated by expensive transition metal species. Herein, we describe the use of inexpensive and readily available tBuOK as a catalyst for P-P and P-E (E = O, S, or N) bond formation. Catalytic quantities of tBuOK in the presence of imine, azobenzene hydrogen acceptors, or a stoichiometric amount of tBuOK with hydrazobenzene, allow efficient homodehydrocoupling of phosphines under mild conditions (e.g. 25 °C and < 5 min). Further studies demonstrate that the hydrogen acceptors play an intimate mechanistic role. We also show that our tBuOK catalysed methodology is general for the heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines with alcohols, thiols and amines to generate a range of potentially useful products containing P-O, P-S, or P-N bonds.
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Ried ACA, Taylor LJ, Geer AM, Williams HEL, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. A Highly Active Bidentate Magnesium Catalyst for Amine-Borane Dehydrocoupling: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2019; 25:6840-6846. [PMID: 30875128 PMCID: PMC6563444 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A magnesium complex (1) featuring a bidentate aminopyridinato ligand is a remarkably selective catalyst for the dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes. This reaction proceeds to completion with low catalyst loadings (1 mol %) under mild conditions (60 °C), exceeding previously reported s-block systems in terms of selectivity, rate, and turnover number (TON). Mechanistic studies by in situ NMR analysis reveals the reaction to be first order in both catalyst and substrate. A reaction mechanism is proposed to account for these findings, with the high TON of the catalyst attributed to the bidentate nature of the ligand, which allows for reversible deprotonation of the substrate and regeneration of 1 as a stable resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Current address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia22904USA
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - William Lewis
- School of ChemistryThe University of Sydney, F11Eastern AveSydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Deborah L. Kays
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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Şen B, Aygün A, Şavk A, Duman S, Calimli MH, Bulut E, Şen F. Polymer-graphene hybrid stabilized ruthenium nanocatalysts for the dimethylamine-borane dehydrogenation at ambient conditions. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Harinath A, Bhattacharjee J, Nayek HP, Panda TK. Alkali metal complexes as efficient catalysts for hydroboration and cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12613-12622. [PMID: 30043795 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report here reactions between the N-adamantyliminopyrolyl ligand 2-(AdN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)-C4H3NH (L-H) and alkali metal hexamethyldisilazides [MN(SiMe3)2] (M = Li, Na and K) to afford the dimeric [{2-(AdN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)-C4H3NLi(THF)}2] (1), [{2-(AdN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)-C4H3N}{Na(THF)1.5}2] (2) and polymeric [{2-(AdN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)-C4H3NK(THF)}n] (3) complexes at ambient temperature. A one-pot reaction between L-H, [KN(SiMe3)2] and alkaline earth metal diiodide (AeI2) in a 2 : 2 : 1 molar ratio, which resulted in the formation of a heteroleptic Ae metal complex [κ2-{2-(AdN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)-C4H3N}2Ae(THF)2] [Ae = Mg (4), Ca (5)], is also reported. The solid-state structures of complexes 1, 3 and 4 were established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes 1-5 were utilised as precatalysts for the catalytic hydroboration of pinacolborane (HBpin) with aldehydes and ketones, and potassium complex 3 was identified as a competent catalyst under mild conditions. Additionally, cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds was explored with trimethylsilyl cyanide and aldehydes/ketones, using the alkali metal precatalyst 3 under mild conditions. In both catalytic processes, the potassium catalyst 3 exhibited high tolerance towards a number of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adimulam Harinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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